Catalytic Asymmetric Dehydrogenative Si-H/X-H Coupling toward Si-Stereogenic Silanes.

ConspectusChiral organosilicon compounds bearing a Si-stereogenic center have attracted increasing attention in various scientific communities and appear to be a topic of high current relevance in modern organic chemistry, given their versatile utility as chiral building blocks, chiral reagents, chiral auxiliaries, and chiral catalysts. Historically, access to these non-natural Si-stereogenic silanes mainly relies on resolution, whereas their asymmetric synthetic methods dramatically lagged compared to their carbon counterparts. Over the past two decades, transition-metal-catalyzed desymmetrization of prochiral organosilanes has emerged as an effective tool for the synthesis of enantioenriched Si-stereogenic silanes.

Electronic structure of superconducting infinite-layer lanthanum nickelates.

Revealing the momentum-resolved electronic structure of infinite-layer nickelates is essential for understanding this class of unconventional superconductors but has been hindered by the formidable challenges in improving the sample quality. In this work, we report the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting LaSrNiO films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and in situ atomic-hydrogen reduction. The measured Fermi topology closely matches theoretical calculations, showing a large Ni [Formula: see text]-derived Fermi sheet that evolves from hole-like to electron-like along and a three-dimensional (3D) electron pocket centered at the Brillouin zone corner.

Exploring Singlet Carbyne Anions and Related Low-Valent Carbon Species Utilizing a Cyclic Phosphino Substituent.

ConspectusThe advancement of synthetic methodologies is fundamentally driven by a deeper understanding of the structure-reactivity relationships of reactive key intermediates. Carbyne anions are compounds featuring a monovalent anionic carbon possessing four nonbonding valence electrons, which were historically confined to theoretical constructs or observed solely within the environment of gas-phase studies. These species possess potential for applications across diverse domains of synthetic chemistry and ancillary fields.

SNHG17 Reprograms Energy Metabolism of Breast Cancer by Activating Mitochondrial DNAs Transcription.

In most solid tumors, cellular energy metabolism is primarily dominated by aerobic glycolysis, which fulfills the high demand for biomacromolecules at the expense of reduced ATP production efficiency. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which rapidly proliferating malignant cells acquire sufficient energy in this state of inefficient ATP production from glycolysis could enable development of metabolism targeted therapeutic strategies. In this study, we observed a significant association between elevated expression levels of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG17 and unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer (BCa).

Bioprinted Fibroblast Mediated Heterogeneous Tumor Microenvironment for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Screening.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer growth, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Developing an effective in vitro tumor model that accurately recapitulates the dynamic interplay between tumor and stromal cells remains a challenge. In this study, a 3D bioprinted fibroblast - mediated heterogeneous breast tumor model was created, with tumor cells and fibroblasts in a bionic matrix.

A Highly Bioactive Organic-Inorganic Nanoparticle for Activating Wnt10b Mediated Osteogenesis by Specifically Anchor CCN3 Protein.

The rapid and efficient bone regeneration is still in unsatisfactory outcomes, demonstrating alternative strategy and molecular mechanism is necessary. Nanoscale biomaterials have shown some promising results in enhancing bone regeneration, however, the detailed interaction mechanism between nanomaterial and cells/tissue formation is not clear. Herein, a molecular-based inorganic-organic nanomaterial poly(citrate-siloxane) (PCS) is reported which can rapidly enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone formation through a special interaction with the cellular surface communication network factor 3 (CCN3), further activating the Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Backbone Engineering of Bithiophene Imide Dimer-Based Polymeric Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for High-Performance n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductors (PMIECs) are gaining significant attention due to their potential applications in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). However, the performance of n-type OECTs still lags behind that of their p-type counterparts. Here, the structure-performance correlation of fused bithiophene imide dimer (BTI2)-based PMIECs is systematically investigated with the backbone evaluation from acceptor-strong donor (A-SD) to acceptor-donor (A-D), to acceptor-weak donor (A-WD), to acceptor-weak acceptor (A-WA), and finally to A-A structures.

Platelet membrane biomimetic nanomedicine induces dual glutathione consumption for enhancing cancer radioimmunotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most common treatments for cancer. However, intracellular glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in protecting cancer from radiation damage. Herein, we have developed a platelet membrane biomimetic nanomedicine (PMD) that induces double GSH consumption to enhance tumor radioimmunotherapy.

An automatic and real-time echocardiography quality scoring system based on deep learning to improve reproducible assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background: Echocardiography can conveniently, rapidly, and economically evaluate the structure and function of the heart, and has important value in the diagnosis and evaluation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, echocardiography still exhibits significant variability in image acquisition and diagnosis, with a heavy dependency on the operator's experience. Image quality affects disease diagnosis in the later stage, and even image quality assessment still has variability in human evaluation.

Pangenomics Links Boll Weevil Divergence With Ancient Mesoamerican Cotton Cultivation.

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, and thurberia weevil, Anthonomus grandis thurberiae Pierce, together comprise a species complex that ranges throughout Mexico, the southwestern regions of the United States and parts of South America. The boll weevil is a historically damaging and contemporaneously threatening pest to commercial upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvales: Malvaceae), whereas the thurberia weevil is regarded as an innocuous non-pest subspecies that is mostly found on non-cultivated Thurber's or Arizona cotton, Gossypium thurberi L.

Sargassum Nanocellulose-Based Fully Ingestible Supercapacitor.

Small high-performance energy modules have significant practical value in the biomedical field, such as painless diagnosis, alleviation of gastrointestinal discomfort, and electrical stimulation therapy. However, due to performance limitations and safety concerns, it is a formidable challenge to design a small, emerging ingestible power supply. Here, a fully ingestible supercapacitor (FISC) constructed of sargassum cellulose nanofiber is presented.

Climate-Driven Escalation of Global PM Health Burden from Wildland Fires.

Wildland fires constitute a major source of ambient fine particulate matter (PM), significantly impacting air quality and public health. As the climate becomes warmer and drier, fire frequency is projected to rise, yet how the associated health impacts of fire-sourced PM (FPM) respond to climate change remains vague. In this study, we modeled the global concentration and associated premature deaths of FPM over the past two decades.

Adding salt to foods and risk of incident depression and anxiety.

Background: Diet is a well-known determinant of mental health outcomes. However, epidemiologic evidence on salt consumption with the risk of developing depression and anxiety is still very limited. This study aimed to examine the association between adding salt to foods and incident depression and anxiety longitudinally.

A new pathogen pattern of acute respiratory tract infections in primary care after COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-center study in southern China.

Background: After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, no studies on bacterial and atypical pathogens were conducted in primary care. We aimed to describe the etiological composition of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) presenting to primary care with limited resources after the pandemic.

Methods: 1958 adult patients with ARTIs from 17 primary care clinics were recruited prospectively from January 2024 to March 2024.

Risk factor of postoperative pulmonary complications after colorectal cancer surgery: an analysis of nationwide inpatient sample.

To investigate the incidence rate, risk factors, and clinical implications of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery (CRC). The study extracted data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2010 and 2019. Patients' data were analyzed to identify predictors of PPCs, and the association between possible factors and PPCs were also assessed.

Aluminadichalcogeniranes and Aluminatrichalcogenetanes: Heavier Analogs of Dioxiranes and Trioxetanes.

Dioxiranes and their heavier chalcogen analogs have long been recognized as pivotal reagents and intermediates in synthetic chemistry, while trioxetanes have largely remained theoretical constructs. In this work, we present the synthesis of neutral, isoelectronic aluminum/chalcogen analogs of dioxiranes and trioxetanes, specifically aluminadiselenirane, aluminaditellurirane, aluminatriselenetane, aluminatritelluretane, and a mixed Se/Te analog of aluminatrichalcogenetane. These compounds, featuring strained AlCh2 and AlCh3 ring (Ch = Se, Te), exhibit significant polarization between the aluminum and chalcogen components.

Ovarian Endometrioma Disrupts Oocyte-Cumulus Communication and Mitochondrial Function, With Melatonin Mitigating the Effects.

Ovarian endometrioma (OEM), a particularly severe form of endometriosis, is an oestrogen-dependent condition often associated with pain and infertility. The mechanisms by which OEM impairs fertility, particularly through its direct impact on oocyte-cumulus cell (CC) communication and related pathways, remain poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of OEM on oocyte-CC communication and explores melatonin's therapeutic potential.

Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access in adults: A randomized crossover controlled trial.

Background: Peripheral intravenous access is a common invasive clinical procedure, and difficult peripheral intravenous access is a common problem in the care of emergency and critically ill patients. The timeliness of immediate treatment is affected by the difficulty of intravenous access in clinical practice, which endangers patient safety. Repeated injections increase the pressure on nursing staff, consume more nursing hours, and incur higher medical costs.

Stabilizing Single-Atom Catalysts on Metastable Phases of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Single-atom catalysts have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their exceptional atomic utilization and high efficiency in a range of catalytic reactions. However, these systems often face thermodynamic instability, leading to agglomeration under the operational conditions. In this study, we investigate the interactions of 12 types of catalytic atoms (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au, and Bi) on three crystalline phases (1T, 1T', and 2H) of six transition metal dichalcogenide layers (MoS, MoSe, MoTe, WS, WSe, and WTe) using first-principles calculations.

MicroRNA Gets a Mighty Award.

Recent advancements in microRNAs (miRNAs) research have revealed their key roles in both normal physiological processes and pathological conditions, leading to potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, the path forward is fraught with several scientific and technical challenges. This review article briefly explores the milestones of the discovery, biogenesis, functions, and application for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of miRNAs.

Carbon Flow in Acidic CO Electroreduction.

Electrochemical CO reduction in acidic media attracts extensive research attention due to its potential in increasing carbon efficiency. In most reports, alkali cations are introduced to suppress hydrogen evolution and to promote CO reduction. However, the mass transport of alkali cations through cation exchange membrane induces the change of electrolyte compositions.

Sublethal changes to coral metabolism in response to deoxygenation.

Coastal deoxygenation poses a critical threat to tropical coral reefs. Dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion can cause hypoxia-induced stress and mortality for scleractinian corals. Coral hypoxic responses are species-specific and likely modulated by the duration and severity of low-DO conditions, although the physiological mechanisms driving hypoxia tolerance are not fully understood.

The year of a leaf: Tracking the fate of leaf litter and its nutrients during aquatic decomposition and consumption.

Temperate streams are subsidized by inputs of leaf litter peaking in fall. Yet, stream communities decompose dead leaves and integrate their energy into the aquatic food web throughout the whole year. Most studies investigating stream decomposition largely overlook long-term trajectories, which must be understood for an appropriate temporal upscaling of ecosystem processes.

Extracellular Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles Affect the Progression of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus, the etiology of which remains insufficiently understood, particularly regarding the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, nanoflow cytometry to detect EVs in DFU skin tissues is used and found a significant increase in the Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20 (TOM20) mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). The role of MDVs in DFU is yet to be reported.

Stripe charge order and its interaction with Majorana bound states in 2M-WS topological superconductors.

To achieve logic operations via Majorana braiding, positional control of the Majorana bound states (MBSs) must be established. Here we report the observation of a striped surface charge order coexisting with superconductivity and its interaction with the MBS in the topological superconductor 2M-WS, using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. By applying an out-of-plane magnetic field, we observe that MBSs are absent in vortices in the region with stripe order.