Fecal carriage and molecular epidemiology of mcr-1-harboring Escherichia coli from children in southern China.

Background: The increase of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria has led to the reintroduction of colistin for clinical treatments, and colistin has become a last resort for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene are majorly related to colistin resistance, which may be the main reason for the continued increase in the colistin resistance rate of Enterobacteriaceae. The study aimed to investigate the sequence type and prevalence of Escherichia coli (E.

Mixed Feedings and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Proportion of Human Milk Matters.

Impact of the proportion of human milk (HM) in mixed feeding on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains unknown. This study explores the influence of different proportions of HM on the risk of NEC. A retrospective cohort study was performed in infants with very low birth weight (VLBW).

Determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered in China: a prospective nested case-control study in a mother and infant cohort.

This nested case-control study aimed to investigate the determinants of low birth weight among newborn babies delivered in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. We recorded socio-demographic data, health status before pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and complications in a Shenzhen mother and infant cohort. Among 8951 cases, 401 (4.

Biomarkers of aging.

Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to (i) assess age-related changes, (ii) track the physiological aging process, and (iii) predict the transition into a pathological status. Although a broad spectrum of aging biomarkers has been developed, their potential uses and limitations remain poorly characterized. An immediate goal of biomarkers is to help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research: How old are we? Why do we get old? And how can we age slower? This review aims to address this need.

Cost-effectiveness of the screen-and-treat strategies using HPV test linked to thermal ablation for cervical cancer prevention in China: a modeling study.

Background: Self-sampling HPV test and thermal ablation are effective tools to increase screening coverage and treatment compliance for accelerating cervical cancer elimination. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of their combined strategies to inform accessible, affordable, and acceptable cervical cancer prevention strategies.

Methods: We developed a hybrid model to evaluate costs, health outcomes, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of six screen-and-treat strategies combining HPV testing (self-sampling or physician-sampling), triage modalities (HPV genotyping, colposcopy or none) and thermal ablation, from a societal perspective.

Single-cell analyses reveal the dynamic functions of Itgb2 microglia subclusters at different stages of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in transient middle cerebral occlusion mice model.

Introduction: The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) is intricate, and current studies suggest that neuron, astrocyte, microglia, endothelial cell, and pericyte all have different phenotypic changes of specific cell types after ischemic stroke. And microglia account for the largest proportion after CIRI. Previous transcriptomic studies of ischemic stroke have typically focused on the 24 hours after CIRI, obscuring the dynamics of cellular subclusters throughout the disease process.

Improving the Accuracy and Efficiency of Abnormal Cervical Squamous Cell Detection With Cytologist-in-the-Loop Artificial Intelligence.

Population-based cervical cytology screening techniques are demanding and laborious and have relatively poor diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we present a cytologist-in-the-loop artificial intelligence (CITL-AI) system to improve the accuracy and efficiency of abnormal cervical squamous cell detection in cervical cancer screening. The artificial intelligence (AI) system was developed using 8000 digitalized whole slide images, including 5713 negative and 2287 positive cases.

Early Antibiotic Use and Neonatal Outcomes Among Preterm Infants Without Infections.

Objectives: To determine whether use, duration, and types of early antibiotics were associated with neonatal outcomes and late antibiotic use in preterm infants without infection-related diseases.

Methods: This cohort study enrolled infants admitted to 25 tertiary NICUs in China within 24 hours of birth during 2015-2018. Death, discharge, or infection-related morbidities within 7 days of birth; major congenital anomalies; and error data on antibiotic use were excluded.

Ketogenic Diet as a Promising Non-Drug Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is mainly characterized by cognitive deficits. Although many studies have been devoted to developing disease-modifying therapies, there has been no effective therapy until now. However, dietary interventions may be a potential strategy to treat AD.

Application of a JEG-3 organoid model to study HLA-G function in the trophoblast.

The human placenta is a unique temporary organ with a mysterious immune tolerance. The formation of trophoblast organoids has advanced the study of placental development. HLA-G is uniquely expressed in the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) and has been linked to placental disorders.

An oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 strain expressing a single-chain variable region antibody fragment against PD-1 and a PI3K inhibitor synergize to elicit antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer.

Due to recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, the current standard therapeutics are not fully effective against ovarian cancer. Therefore, we aimed to find an effective approach to improve the prognosis and therapy of ovarian cancer. NG34ScFvPD-1 is a modified oncolytic herpes simplex virus NG34 strain that expresses a single-chain antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) (ScFvPD-1).

Intestinal obstruction caused by mesodiverticular band in children: a cohort study.

Objective: To explore clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal obstruction due to mesodiverticular band (MDB) in children in a single center in China.

Methods: The clinical data of 20 children with acute intestinal obstruction due to MDB between 1998 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The male-to-female ratio was 14:6 in 20 cases.

A Case-Control Study of the Factors Associated with Anemia in Chinese Children Aged 3-7 years Old.

Background: Anemia in children is still an important public problem in China and can have a profound impact on the physical and mental health of children. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for anemia among Chinese children aged 3-7 years old and to provide some basis for the prevention and control of anemia.

Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted and 1104 children (552 cases and 552 controls) were recruited in this study.

Celastrol-encapsulated microspheres prepared by microfluidic electrospray for alleviating inflammatory pain.

Inflammatory pain is induced by trauma, infection, chemical stimulation, etc. It causes severe physical and psychological agony to patients. Celastrol has powerful anti-inflammatory property and has achieved good results in various inflammation-related diseases.

Detecting Neonatal AKI by Serum Cystatin C.

Significance Statement: Serum creatinine is not a sensitive biomarker for neonatal AKI because it is confounded by maternal creatinine level, gestational age, and neonatal muscle mass. In this multicenter cohort study of 52,333 hospitalized Chinese neonates, the authors proposed serum cystatin C-related criteria (CyNA) for neonatal AKI. They found that cystatin C (Cys-C) is a robust and sensitive biomarker for identifying AKI in neonates who are at an elevated risk of in-hospital mortality and that CyNA detects 6.

Associations between the signing status of family doctor contract services and cervical cancer screening behaviors: a cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China.

Background: As a core part of the primary healthcare system, family doctor contract services (FDCS) may help healthcare providers promote cervical cancer screening to the female population. However, evidence from population-based studies remains scant. This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between the signing status of FDCS and cervical cancer screening practices in Shenzhen, China.

A mouse model for X-linked Alport syndrome induced by Del-ATGG in the gene.

Alport syndrome (AS) is an inherited glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). X-linked AS (XLAS) is caused by pathogenic variants in the gene. Many pathogenic variants causing AS have been detected, but the genetic modifications and pathological alterations leading to ESRD have not been fully characterized.

Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Vitamin D level is closely associated with the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on patients with PCOS, to provide reliable evidence to the clinical treatment of PCOS.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Medline, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang, China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI) and Weipu databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of PCOS.

ROS-Triggered Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Based on a Chemo-Sonodynamic Combinational Therapy Strategy for the Noninvasive Elimination of Hypoxic Tumors.

The hypopermeability and hypoxia in the tumor milieu are important factors that limit multiple treatments. Herein, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered self-assembled nanoparticles (RP-NPs) was constructed. The natural small molecule Rhein (Rh) was encapsulated into RP-NPs as a sonosensitizer highly accumulated at the tumor site.

Biochemical mechanisms of tributyltin chloride-induced cell toxicity in Sertoli cells.

Tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) is a widely used fungicide and heat stabilizer in compositions of PVC. TBTCL has been detected in human bodies and potentially causes harmful effects on humans' thyroid, cardiovascular and other organs. As one of the first examples of endocrine disruptors, the toxicity effects of TBTCL on the male reproduction system have aroused concerns.

Development of a risk assessment scale for use by nurses to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis in gynaecology in China: A Delphi-based study.

Aim: Risk assessment models for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) used worldwide are based on multidisciplinary data from Western countries. We aimed to establish a DVT risk assessment model that is applicable to Chinese patients with gynaecological conditions.

Design: A risk assessment tool for DVT in gynaecology using the Delphi method.

The burden of mild intellectual disability attributed to prenatal exposure to methylmercury in China, 2017.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurodevelopmental toxicant that is widespread in the environment and food. Considering the presence of multiple sources of MeHg exposure in the environment, the burden attributable to different exposure sources needs to be determined. This study aimed to estimate the burden of mild intellectual disability (MID) caused by in-utero exposure to MeHg and identify the attributable burden related to MeHg exposure from different sources in China.

Effect of extreme temperatures on asthma hospital visits: Modification by event characteristics and healthy behaviors.

Although ambient temperature has been linked to asthma exacerbation, impacts associated with extreme temperature events remain unclear. This study aims to identify the events characteristics that elevate risk of asthma hospital visits, and to assess whether healthy behavior changes due to the COVID-19 prevention and control policy may modify the relationships. Data of asthma hospital visits from all medical facilities in Shenzhen, China during 2016-2020 were assessed in relation to extreme temperature events using a distributed lag model.