Biomarkers.

Background: Midlife hypertension (HTN) is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains to be elucidated whether the effect of late-life HTN is also present. Here, we aimed to assess the associations of late-life HTN and amyloid-β pathology (Aβ) with longitudinal changes in global cognition and different domains in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that has impacted millions of people worldwide. Identifying different risk groups converting to AD during the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage and determining their genetic basis would be immensely valuable for drug discovery and subsequent clinical treatment. Previous studies typically clustered subgroups by unsupervised learning techniques, neglecting the survival information.

Biomarkers.

Background: Triplication of the amyloid precursor protein in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) produces an increased risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Declining cholinergic integrity plays a role in the cognitive deficits observed in late-onset AD. In the present study, we assess the relationship between basal forebrain volume or [F]-FEOBV uptake and cognitive performance in adults with DS.

Biomarkers.

Background: Neuropathological studies indicate that locus coeruleus(LC) volume decreases in Alzheimer's disease(AD) by 8% at each stage, (from Braak 0-1), whereas in normal aging, the LC remains unchanged. These changes make LC volumetry by neuroimaging a promising way to track AD progression even before symptoms appear. However, LC's small size and location make it prone to imaging artifacts.

Biomarkers.

Background: Control of breathing is known to be adversely affected by cognitive impairment, often associated with sleep apnea or disordered breathing during sleep in MCI/AD. The origin of this disorder is thought to be in the dysfunction of the respiratory control centers of the brainstem or in the impaired afferent signaling from cortical regions. Continuous breathing data were collected in a multi-center study in Los Angeles (USC), Kansas City (KUMC) and Dallas (UT-SWMC), and used to compute respiratory rate variability (RRV) to test the hypothesis that voluntary control of breathing is impaired in MCI and mild AD patients relative to cognitively normal controls, and whether this impairment is more severe in mild AD than MCI patients.

Biomarkers.

Background: Blood-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers have been increasingly employed for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, thanks to high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD from healthy controls or other dementia types. p-tau217 exhibits stronger associations with AD hallmarks in CSF and brain, compared to other p-tau isoforms. Furthermore, the majority of these studies have been conducted in non-Hispanic Whites, limiting our understanding of the performances and utility of these biomarkers across ethnicities.

Biomarkers.

Background: There is a consensus in the Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) community that data sharing can accelerate science leading to better biomarkers, treatments and preventative measures. However, the ADRD community faces extensive challenges when it comes to sharing of complex biomarker data due to heavy-handed data sharing mandates and various types of restrictions.

Methods: The Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network (GAAIN) and the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Data Initiative have pioneered methods in federated data sharing and learning methodologies by allowing data partners to share their data while protecting their data ownership rights.

Public Health.

Background: The Southern Illinois University Longitudinal Cognitive Aging Study (SIU LCAS) is a community-based, longitudinal cohort study initiated in 1984. LCAS was initially designed to improve the sensitivity of neuropsychological testing to diagnose mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in individuals residing in central and southern Illinois.

Method: Participants are recruited from the community via newspaper advertisement, word-of-mouth, and community presentations.

Public Health.

Background: High-income countries (HICs) are over-represented in current global dementia incidence rates, skewing estimates. Variance in diagnostic methods between HICs and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is speculated to contribute to the regional differences in rates. Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) offers a unique opportunity to address these research inequalities by harmonising data from international studies, including representation from LMICs.

Public Health.

Background: As disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are becoming available in the US, concerns have been raised that an unprepared healthcare system will be unable to cope with the expected influx of patients. Individuals dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid might be disproportionately affected by wait times for three reasons. They have higher burden of disease; many practices do not accept Medicaid at all and those who do might limit the number of Medicaid patients because of lower payment rates under the so-called lesser-of policy.

Public Health.

Background: Adverse social exposome (indexed by national Area Deprivation Index [ADI] 80-100 or 'high ADI') is linked to structural inequities and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Twenty percent of the US population resides within high ADI areas, predominantly in inner cities, tribal reservations and rural areas. The percentage of brain donors from high ADI areas within the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) brain bank system is unknown.

Public Health.

Background: Asian Americans and Asian Canadians (ASACs) are the fastest growing minority group in the US and Canada. However, ASACs are under-sampled in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. To address the need of culturally appropriate clinical protocols and community-based recruitment approaches for ASACs, the Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD), the first large dementia genetics cohort focusing on Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, launched in 2021 to examine genetic and non-genetic risk factors for AD among ASACs.

Public Health.

Background: Malawians, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), face the double burden of HIV and Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). The life expectancy among HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy has increased consistently over the past 25 years. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of dementia among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and the general population without HIV as a comparison group in Malawi.

Public Health.

Background: Medical management and lifestyle are potentially crucial interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we present the relationship between adherence of a personalized multi-modal intervention for AD on change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after 12-months.

Methods: The PREVENTION study is an ongoing randomized clinical trial (McEwen, 2001).

Public Health.

Background: Studies in prevalence and incidence in the United States have been limited to clinical populations and single site studies, therefore, there is a notable lack in estimates of regional differences in dementia incidence and the drivers of such disparities.

Methods: We included 1,268,599 US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) dementia-free patients aged 65 years or older living within the U.S.

Public Health.

Background: Being born in the Southern US is associated with poorer cognitive health and related cardiovascular outcomes in late life, especially among Black Americans. Geographic disparities in brain aging may be mediated by school segregation; school segregation has been disproportionately high in the South given historical and contemporary policies and practices.

Method: This study included 727 Black adults ages 50+ (mean 68.

Metal-Catalyzed Abiotic Cleavage of C═C Bonds for Effective Fluorescence Imaging of Cu(II) and Fe(III) in Living Systems.

Imaging abnormal copper/iron with effective fluorescent tools is essential to comprehensively put insight into many pathological events. However, conventional coordination-based detection is mired in the fluorescence quenching induced by paramagnetic Cu(II)/Fe(III). Moreover, the strong chelating property of the probe will consume dissociative metal ions and inevitably interfere with the physiological microenvironment.

Biomarkers.

Background: Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) visualizes two important markers of cognitive dysfunction in the retina: vascular changes and amyloid plaque (AP) deposition. The relationship between retinal arteriolar versus venular changes and perivascular amyloid deposition across the continuum of neurodegeneration is imperfectly understood. We investigate the retinal perivascular AP distribution in relationship to cognitive and neuroimaging measures in a cohort of cognitively normal and impaired individuals.

Biomarkers.

Background: The quantification of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has proved useful in many contexts, for the diagnosis and prognosis of various neurological disorders. There is, however, a diversity of practices between centers, essentially linked to the context of use (COU), analytical methods, consideration of comorbidities, determination of cut-points or use of interpretation scales. Finally, for the same biochemical profile, the interpretation and reporting of results may differ from one center to another, raising the question of test commutability.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alterations to the retina manifest in patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Retinal imaging techniques open the possibility for non-invasive evaluation of AD pathology. Clinically AD diagnosed patients exhibit retinal amyloid deposits.

Biomarkers.

Background: The A4 Study (NCT02008357) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, assessing the safety and efficacy of solanezumab in preclinical Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We previously reported on the baseline regional flortaucipir (FTP) profiles in this study. Here, we present the longitudinal tau profiles.

Biomarkers.

Background: As new treatments (such as the anti-amyloid vaccine, lecanamab) emerge for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, approaches are required to rapidly diagnose AD at the earliest possible stage, and to assess disease progression and prognosis. In January 2024, the FDA approved the first AI tool to predict AD progression based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [1]. Here we train a generative AI approach based on latent diffusion models - to encode disease effects on brain structures.

Biomarkers.

Background: Adults with Down Syndrome (DS) have the highest risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. Triplication of the amyloid precursor protein gene on chromosome 21 results in early amyloid accumulation and Alzheimer's pathology. The cholinergic system is known to decline early in the development of AD and plays a fundamental role in observed cognitive deficits.

Bioactive Glycyrrhizic Acid Ionic Liquid Self-Assembled Nanomicelles for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Anti-Photoaging Signal Peptides.

Sigal peptides have garnered remarkable efficacy in rejuvenating photoaged skin and delaying senescence. Nevertheless, their low solubility and poor permeability bring about a formidable challenge in their transdermal delivery. To address this challenge, bioactive ionic liquids (ILs) synthesized from natural glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and oxymatrine (OMT) with eminent biocompatibility is first prepared.

Biomarkers.

Background: The lack of knowledge about the onset and progression of dementia hampers its early diagnosis and possible treatment leading to severe condition like Alzheimer's disease. Technological advancement like new brain network modeling tools might provide insight into the disease progression but a broader view of the biochemical changes induced by dementia in an early and pre-symptomatic stage needs to be explored. Therefore, a multicentric longitudinal study was designed to quantify proteins molecules associated with cognitive impairment.