Arousal-induced modulation of memory storage processes in humans.

We recently demonstrated in human subjects that muscle-tension-induced arousal can enhance later retention performance and that this effect is attenuated by beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists. In that study, each subject established a baseline for muscle tension by squeezing a hand dynamometer for 30 s with maximum force. This may have served to "prime" subsequent arousal produced by muscle tension.

Electrophysiological correlates of noun-verb processing in adults.

Auditory event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to a series of nouns and verbs while 16 adults watched videotaped scenes. The scenes depicted an individual using objects or performing actions that were either labeled or not named by the auditorily presented nouns or verbs. Electrodes were placed over the left and right hemisphere frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of the scalp.

Probing the protein-DNA contacts of a yeast RNA polymerase III transcription complex in a crude extract: solid phase synthesis of DNA photoaffinity probes containing a novel photoreactive deoxycytidine analog.

A novel photoreactive deoxycytidine analog, 4-[N-(p-azidobenzoyl)-2-aminoethyl]-dCTP (ABdCTP), has been synthesized and incorporated at specific sites within the SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) gene. Immobilized single-stranded DNA was annealed to specific oligonucleotides and AB-dCMP incorporated into DNA by primer extension. DNA photoaffinity labeling with AB-dCMP was used to survey protein-DNA contacts in initiation and elongation complexes of RNA polymerase III (Pol III), and compared to DNA photoaffinity labeling using the previously described photoreactive deoxyuridine analog, 5-[N-(pazidobenzoyl)-3-aminoallyl]-dUMP (AB-dUMP) [Bartholomew et al.

Perceived problem-solving and vocational identity: implication for nontraditional premedical students.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vocational identity and self-appraised problem solving. A total of 86 students enrolled in a special program took the Vocational Identity subscale of My Vocational Situation and the Problem Solving Inventory one week apart. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated a relationship between personal problem-solving appraisal and vocational identity, suggesting the inventories assess one construct.

Nonlinear alignment and averaging for estimating the evoked potential.

This paper addresses the problems associated with averaging brain responses evoked through a repetitive application of an external stimulus. In order to improve the estimate of the evoked potential (EP) through signal averaging, a method which incorporates nonlinear alignment of the EP's into the averaging operation is developed. The method makes no prior assumptions about the properties of the EP or which response in the set best characterizes the EP to be estimated.

Molecular divergence and phylogeny: rates and patterns of cytochrome b evolution in cranes.

Analyses of complete cytochrome b sequences from all species of cranes (Aves: Gruidae) reveal aspects of sequence evolution in the early stages of divergence. These DNA sequences are > or = 89% identical, but expected departures from random substitution are evident. Silent, third-position pyrimidine transitions are the dominant substitution type, with transversion comprising only a small fraction of sequence differences.

Sex-role orientation and satisfaction with life.

The hypothesis that androgynous people are more satisfied with life than others was tested by administering the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Life Scale to 245 undergraduates (111 men and 134 women). Results strongly supported the tested hypothesis for men but not for women.

Effects of a naturally occurring compatible osmolyte on the internal dynamics of ribonuclease A.

Osmolytes are small organic solutes accumulated intracellularly by many organisms as they adapt to environmental stresses. Compatible osmolytes, a functional class of osmolytes, increase protein stability while having little or no effect on protein function. To investigate the interrelationships between protein stability, function, and internal dynamics, a hydrogen exchange (HX) quench method was established and used to study the effects of sucrose (a typical compatible osmolyte) on the structural fluctuations of ribonuclease A.

Study of high-field dispersion in micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

The anomalous dispersion of hydrophobic, highly retained analytes at high electric field strengths E in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is experimentally and theoretically quantified. A simple model for plate number N is proposed, in which only plug size and longitudinal diffusion govern dispersion. This model describes well the dispersion of acetone, 2'-deoxyadenosine, and 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate (dAMP) in MEKC buffers and also dAMP in capillary-electrophoresis buffers.

Heavy metal effects on Proteus mirabilis superoxide dismutase production.

Proteus mirabilis expressed three superoxide dismutase activities, which depended on the level of soluble iron and dioxygen in the culture medium. Cadmium and lead decreased production of super oxide dismutase in liquid culture and on solid medium. A fourth super oxide dismutase activity appeared in extracts from cells grown in the presence of cadmium.

Physical activity programs offered in substance abuse treatment facilities.

Responses from 50 practicing therapeutic recreation specialists indicate that physical activity programs are an important part of substance abuse treatment. Walking, games, sports, weight training, and aerobics were offered most frequently. Respondents expressed concern about their academic preparation in physical activities and offered suggestions for curricular revision.

Normal personality characteristics in identical twins discordant for schizophrenia.

The authors examined normal personality characteristics of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for schizophrenia. Twenty pairs of discordant twins were analyzed; 11 pairs of MZ twins concordant for schizophrenia served as a comparison group. Personality was assessed using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; A.

Self-defeating personality and depression: a closer look.

55 men and 55 women were given Schill's Self-defeating Personality Scale, a measure of Beck's cognitive triad, and a measure of the personality dimensions of sociotropy and autonomy. The more characteristics of self-defeating personality endorsed, the more negative were subjects' cognitions about themselves, the world, and the future. Self-defeating men and women scored higher on sociotropy (social dependence), suggesting threats to relationships may be an important source of depression for them.

Brassinolide is a selective ribosomal cistron regulator in onion leaf base tissue.

Outer epidermal cells from the basal, equatorial, near-apical, and apical regions of the third turgid onion (Allium cepa L. var. yellow, sweet Spanish) leaf base were treated (3 and 6 h in the dark = T3 and T6, respectively) with brassinolide (Br, a brassinosteroid plant growth regulator; effects on excised pieces compared with those in water controls: there were no statistical differences between the T3 and T6 results).

Immune function in cigarette smokers who quit smoking for 31 days.

A group of 28 healthy, white, male, light-to-moderate smokers, 21 to 35 years of age, were offered a financial inducement to abstain from smoking for 31 days. A matched control group of 11 smokers were paid to continue smoking during the same period. Nonspecific parameters of immune system function were monitored before and at various times after smoking abstinence.

Ethanol and nicotine consumption and preference in transgenic mice overexpressing the bovine growth hormone gene.

Transgenic mice overexpressing the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase/bovine growth hormone (PEPCK/bGH) hybrid gene and normal (nontransgenic) littermate controls (10 males + 10 females/group) were given access to tapwater and an ascending series of concentrations of ethanol (1.0-22.0%), then a similar ascending series of concentrations of nicotine (1.

A survey of rural parents' attitudes toward sexuality education.

Although local attitudes and values influence a community's support for sexuality education, educators rarely assess local views in a systematic way. A survey of community parents provides a simple, relatively inexpensive way to assess support for sexuality education and strengthen the school's leadership in implementing an effective curriculum. This paper describes the use of a parent survey for building a comprehensive sexuality education program in a rural community.

Effect of abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, and kinetin on selective ribosomal cistron regulation in quiescent and senescent onion leaf base tissue.

Small pieces of tissue from the basal, equatorial, near-apical, and apical regions of the third turgid onion leaf base were treated (3 and 6 h in the dark) with abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and kinetin (K) and compared with responses in water controls. ABA inhibited the activation (increase in size and changes in morphologies from round or oval to elongated-oval and dumbbell) of major nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in basal, equatorial, and near-apical tissue. GA3 and K activated the major NORs in the basal, equatorial, and near-apical tissue.

Adult attachment, love styles, and self-defeating personality characteristics.

The present research showed for 79 men and 79 women that people with more characteristics of the proposed self-defeating personality diagnosis had less secure adult attachments. In addition, self-defeating women described their style of loving as game playing and being less romantically involved. Both men and women who were more self-defeating, once in a relationship, reported feeling dependent, jealous, and desperate to maintain it.

Effect of ethylene on selective ribosomal cistron regulation in quiescent and senescent onion leaf base tissue.

Excised pieces of tissue from four regions (base, equator, near-apex, and apex) of yellow, sweet Spanish onion bulbs were treated with ethylene in an attempt to activate minor nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). In the quiescent equatorial and near-apical regions, major nucleoli in control and ethylene-treated tissue increased in size and changed morphologies. The minor NORs were expressed only in the ethylene-treated tissue.

Construct validity of neuropsychological tests of conceptual and attentional abilities.

In a mixed sample of community-living adults, this study examined the construct validity of five neuropsychological tests: Category Test (CAT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), Visual Search and Attention Test (VSAT) and Trail Making Test: Part B (TMT-B). Principal components analyses showed that PASAT, VSAT, and TMT-B defined an attention factor and that CAT and WCST defined a conceptual factor. The results were discussed in terms of common interpretations of these procedures as well as in terms of Mirsky's (1989) components of attention.

The relationship between self-monitored aggression and the MMPI-2 F, 4, 9 composite and anger content scale scores.

Undergraduates, 47 men and 79 women, took the MMPI-2 and self-monitored their aggressive acting out for one week. As expected, the MMPI composite score for F, 4, 9 and the anger content scale were correlated positively with monitored aggressive acting out, particularly for men. However, the magnitude of the correlations was slight, indicating it would be inappropriate to use them to make critical judgments regarding aggressive acting out with this population.

Incest and substance abuse: implications for treatment professionals.

Seventy-seven volunteer participants enrolled in eight substance abuse treatment facilities were surveyed using the Substance Abuse and Incest Survey. Of the sample, 36 (48%) reported histories of incest. For participants reporting incest, data on substance abuse history, perceptions of the relationship between incest and substance abuse, and opinions regarding incest-related counseling in the context of substance abuse treatment are presented.