The acquisition of relative clauses by Tamil children.

This paper reports the findings of a cross-sectional study that investigated the acquisition of relative clauses by 27 Tamil-speaking children, who ranged in age from 2;11 to 6;6. A picture-cued production task was used to elicit relative clauses from the child subjects. An analysis of the subjects' responses revealed that children below the age of 5;0 relativized significantly less often than the older children; furthermore, when they did produce relative clauses, they exhibited a strong preference for the tag relative and produced significantly fewer participial relatives than the older children.

Personality profiles of environmentally responsible groups.

The hypothesis that groups high and low on environmental responsibility have different personality profiles was tested using responses of 319 introductory psychology students (132 men and 187 women) who completed the ECOSCALE and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory for partial course credit. Results of discriminant function analysis supported the hypothesis, indicating that groups scoring high and low on Environmental Responsibility had significantly different personality profiles and that the standard discriminant function coefficients were quite substantial (> or = .50) for Openness (.

Examining the validity of the Academic Motivation Scale by comparing scale construction to self-determination theory.

This study examined the construct validity of the Academic Motivation Scale. Specifically, subscale correlations were examined to assess whether support for a continuum of self-determination would be provided. The three types of Intrinsic Motivation were significantly and positively correlated with each other .

A reexamination of a childhood cancer stereotype.

Objective: To examine whether young adults have stereotypical beliefs toward children who have been treated for cancer.

Methods: Undergraduate participants read a vignette describing a child labeled either healthy (HL), in remission from cancer and no longer undergoing treatment (RCL), or in remission and still undergoing treatment (RCTL) and rated the child on the Ratings of the Child Questionnaire (ROCQ). Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were conducted.

Justification of statistical overlap theory in programmed temperature gas chromatography: thermodynamic origin of random distribution of retention times.

A specific distribution of compounds' standard-state changes of enthalpy and entropy between mobile and stationary phases in programmed temperature gas chromatography (PTGC) is shown to produce the Poisson distribution of retention times often postulated in statistical-overlap theory (SOT). A three-part model is proposed, in which the enthalpy change is Poisson distributed, the average entropy change depends on the enthalpy change, and the actual entropy change varies in a uniformly random manner about the average entropy change. To test the model, the entropy and enthalpy changes of 350 aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum were calculated with commercial GC software.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: a hyphenated method with strong coupling between the two dimensions.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) provides a true orthogonal separation system. It is explained and demonstrated that it generates a peak capacity that is approximately equal to the product of the peak capacities of the two individual separation systems. The resulting peaks are ordered in a two-dimensional plane in bands of compounds with the same characteristics.

Sex roles and body image.

The hypothesis that women scoring as Sex-typed have less favorable body image than women scoring as Androgynous or Cross-sexed was tested using the Personal Attributes Questionnaire of Spence and Helmreich and the Body Esteem Scale of Franzoi and Shields. These were completed by 121 Euro-American female undergraduates in psychology. Analysis indicated that women classified as Sex-typed and Undifferentiated scored significantly lower than women classified as Androgynous and Cross-sexed on Sexual Attractiveness, Weight Concern, and Physical Condition subscales of the Body Esteem Scale, and the two groups had a significantly different mean profile.

Condensation nucleation light scattering detection for biogenic amines separated by ion-exchange chromatography.

A sensitive method of analysis for biogenic amines, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and an amino acid precursor, histidine is described herein using ion-exchange chromatography and condensation nucleation light scattering detection. The method was successfully used for the analysis of biogenic amines in fish samples. The method offers a number of advantages: fast elution of analytes with no need for mobile phase conductivity suppression, no derivatization and no electrochemical activity for the analyte's detection.

Effects of monetary contingencies on smoking relapse: influences of trait depression, personality, and habitual nicotine intake.

Of 56 male smokers, 34 were randomly assigned (by 60% random odds) to quit smoking immediately, whereas the remaining 22 were assigned to quit after an additional 31 days. Compensation ($300) was contingent on abstinence for a minimum of 31 or 2 days (depending on random assignment) and completion of all experimental sessions. Contingencies for the immediate-quit group required 31 days of abstinence; those for the delayed-quit group required only 2 days of abstinence.

Hardiness and major personality factors.

This study tested Maddi and Khoshaba's 1994 hypothesis that Hardiness is an index of mental health. A sample of 241 undergraduates (103 men and 138 women) completed the Dispositional Resilience Scale, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the Psychopathology-5 Scales. Using the individual median scores on the three subscales (Commitment, Control, and Challenge) of the Dispositional Resilience Scale, the High Hardiness group was obtained by identifying the individuals who scored above the medians on all the three subscales, whereas the Low Hardiness group were those who scored consistently below the medians on all the three subscales.

Influence of organic modifier concentration on plate number in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. 1. 2-propanol.

This paper establishes a physicochemical basis for the efficiency losses in micellar electrokinetic chromatography in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2-propanol (2PN). Weakly, intermediately, and strongly retained analytes were separated in phosphate/borate buffers containing 50 mM SDS and from 0 to 10% 2PN by volume. Their plate numbers N generally agreed well with predictions of a theory for N based on longitudinal diffusion and instrumental contributions to dispersion.

Determination of micellar self-diffusion coefficients by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

A method is described by which the diffusion coefficients of electrically charged micelles can be determined using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The determination is based on a theory for the dispersion, at low electric field strengths, of analytes that are solubilized by only the micellar phase. The dispersion is represented by contributions from instrumental sources and from longitudinal diffusion.

A secondary analysis of smoking among rural and urban youth using the MTF data set.

This paper compares rural and urban youth cigarette-smoking behavior using the Monitoring the Future data set, a national, probability-based, multi-stage sample design. Cigarette smoking was examined by region, race, and gender over time. Results indicated that rural White males smoked more often (30-day prevalence of 34%) than any other group.

A validity study of the MMPI-TRI Acting-out Scale.

49 college men and 45 women were administered the 1995 MMPI-TRI by Swanson, Templer, Thomas-Dobson, Cannon, Streiner, Reynolds, and Miller and a short form of the MMPI with scales for Subjective Distress, Acting-out, and Psychosis. To test the validity of the Acting-out scale respondents also took measures of sexual and aggressive acting out as well as a measure of alcohol use. They were asked about their use of drugs.

Falls of elderly rural home health clients.

This study examined factors related to falls among elderly home health clients living in rural southern Illinois. Forty-five clients who fell were demographically matched with 45 controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed that previous falls, frailty, physical inactivity, balance problems, absence of handrails, and uneven floors were related to a fall in this sample.

Role of the hippocampus in sex differences in verbal memory: memory outcome following left anterior temporal lobectomy.

The authors examined the neural and cognitive bases for sex differences in verbal memory in 57 patients who underwent left anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for the treatment of intractable seizures. On the California Verbal Learning Test (D. C.

Client perceptions of incest and substance abuse.

Clients receiving substance abuse treatment from 35 treatment facilities throughout the United States were surveyed using the Substance Abuse and Incest Survey-Revised (SAIS-R). A total of 732 participants responded to the survey; 518 (71%) were males, 204 (28%) were females, and 10 (1%) did not indicate gender. Participants had a mean age of 33.

Life satisfaction and the five-factor model of personality.

The hypothesis that happy and unhappy people have different personality profiles based on five personality factors (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) was tested using 245 undergraduates (111 men and 134 women) who completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the NEO Personality Inventory. Analysis indicated that High and Low Satisfaction groups had significantly different personality profiles, supporting the hypothesis.

Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among rural/small town and urban youth: a secondary analysis of the monitoring the future data set.

Objectives: This study compared prevalence of substance use among high school seniors in rural and urban areas from 1976 through 1992.

Methods: We used data collected for these years from urban (n = 75,916) and rural (n = 51,182) high school seniors. Thirty-day prevalence for alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, LSD, and inhalant use, binge drinking, smoking a pack or more of cigarettes a day, and daily alcohol and marijuana use were evaluated.

Individuality and relatedness of the self: an autophotographic study.

Using R. C. Ziller's (1990) method of autophotography, the authors studied the duality of relatedness and individuality.

Differential maternal treatment of infant twins: effects of infant behaviors.

This project utilized twins to study differential mother-sibling interactions. The use of twins circumvented the traditional confounds of studying siblings of different ages or at two points in time. When the twins were 7 and 9 months of age, mothers spent 2.

Heritability of MMPI personality indicators of psychopathology in twins reared apart.

This report presents Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Data from 65 unique pairs of monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA) and 54 unique pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA) were analyzed. As in other results from this sample, MZA twins evidenced substantial similarity, highlighting the influence of shared genes.

Relation of reports of sexual abuse to scores on Self Defeating Personality Scale.

One of the suggested antecedents of a pattern of self-defeating behavior has been the experience of sexual abuse. In this study 146 male and 129 female college students self-reported whether they had experienced sexual abuse using Russell's 1983) Sexual Abuse Interview Schedule. Thirty-nine men and 73 women self reported in the affirmative.

Effects of beta-CCE on retention of aversively- and appetitively-motivated tasks in rats.

Beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (beta-CCE; 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg, i.