Considerations for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Genomic Surveillance: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology and Association of Public Health Laboratories.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has applications in research, epidemiology, oncology, and infectious disease diagnostics. Wide variability exists in NGS wet laboratory techniques and dry laboratory analytical considerations. Thus, many questions remain unanswered when NGS methods are implemented in laboratories for infectious disease testing.

Central nervous system tumors in adolescents and young adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology Consensus Review on diagnosis, management, and future directions.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 15-39 years) are a vulnerable population facing challenges in oncological care, including access to specialized care, transition of care, unique tumor biology, and poor representation in clinical trials. Brain tumors are the second most common tumor type in AYA, with malignant brain tumors being the most common cause of cancer-related death. The 2021 WHO Classification for central nervous system (CNS) Tumors highlights the importance of integrated molecular characterization with histologic diagnosis in several tumors relevant to the AYA population.

Correlation Between Medical School Performance and Receiving Awards in General Surgery Residency.

Importance: It is uncertain whether current measures of achievement during medical school predict exceptional performance during surgical residency. One surrogate of excellence during residency may be awards, especially those given for teaching and annual overall accomplishment.

Objective: Determine whether markers of superior performance during medical school documented in the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application and student record correlated with receiving awards during residency.

Gestational exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and risk of childhood obesity in the environmental influences on child health outcomes consortium.

Introduction: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasing in use as flame retardants and plasticizers and concerns have been raised given their endocrine-disrupting activities and possible obesogenic consequences. However, longitudinal studies on gestational OPE exposure and childhood obesity are scarce. This study examined whether OPE levels in maternal urine during pregnancy were associated with the risk of childhood obesity.

Attenuated kidney oxidative metabolism in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUNDIn type 1 diabetes (T1D), impaired insulin sensitivity may contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) through alterations in kidney oxidative metabolism.METHODSYoung adults with T1D (n = 30) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20) underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, MRI, 11C-acetate PET, kidney biopsies, single-cell RNA-Seq, and spatial metabolomics to assess this relationship.RESULTSParticipants with T1D had significantly higher glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness compared with HCs.

Understanding the Relationship between the Ketogenic Diet and the Heart: A Novel Therapeutic Potential for Cardiovascular Health.

Obesity and cardiovascular diseases are major health problems worldwide, and weight loss is used as a treatment strategy to enhance various aspects. While there are many weight loss methods, one of the most effective is through a dietary approach. The ketogenic diet (KD), which is characterized by low carbohydrates and high levels of fat and/or protein, is used in obese patients as it is a promising treatment option for weight loss as well as for controlling the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, as seen in its effects on cardio-metabolic outcomes, particularly in obesity, heart failure, and hypertension.

Cardiorespiratory Stability in Critically Ill Preterm Infants following Dexmedetomidine Initiation.

Objective:  This study aimed to evaluate cardiorespiratory status in preterm infants receiving dexmedetomidine using high-resolution physiologic data.

Study Design:  We analyzed preterm infants with continuous heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO) data for 24 hours preceding and 48 hours following dexmedetomidine initiation. Invasive arterial blood pressure (ABP), when available, was analyzed.

Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Socioeconomic Metrics on Heart Failure Risk and Outcomes in Maryland.

Introduction Annually, a significant number of Americans are hospitalized due to heart failure (HF), marking it as an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. It also poses a substantial financial burden and leads to considerable losses in productivity. Socioeconomic disparities may intensify the risk of hospital admissions following HF and worsen patient outcomes.

Essential Foundational Education Research Methods Articles for Graduate Medical Educators: A Delphi Study.

Graduate medical educators interested in designing and conducting education research may seek foundational general overview articles on education research methods. We aimed to identify the most useful foundational education research methods articles for medical educators. We identified candidate articles through a 2020 Ovid MEDLINE literature search augmented by the authors' personal files and by cross-checking references of included articles.

Comparing Three-dimensional Radiologic Outcomes Between Early Versus Late Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting.

Secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) during mixed dentition is the standard of care for patients with complete cleft of lip and palate. Early SABG (E-SABG; 4 to 7 y) occurs before the eruption of lateral incisors, whereas late SABG (L-SABG; 8 to 12 y) occurs before the eruption of maxillary permanent canines. This study compares outcomes of E-SABG versus L-SABG among patients with unilateral cleft of lip and palate (UCLP).

Primary Care Informatics: Vitalizing the Bedrock of Health Care.

Primary care informatics (PCI) professionals address workflow and technology solutions in a wide spectrum of health, ranging from optimizing the experience of the individual patient in the clinic room to supporting the health of populations and augmenting the work of frontline primary care clinical teams. PCI overlaps uniquely with 2 disciplines with an impact on societal health-primary care and health informatics. Primary care is a gateway to health care access and aims to synthesize and coordinate numerous, complex elements of patients' health and medical care in a holistic manner.

The State of 21st Century Acupuncture in the United States.

The term "acupuncture" commonly refers to a non-pharmacologic therapy that is increasingly employed by diverse segments of the population for a wide variety of complaints including pain, insomnia, anxiety, depression, frozen shoulder, and other issues. The term is also used as a short-hand for the wider medical system from which the placement of needles into the skin for therapeutic benefit and related techniques evolved. Thus "acupuncture" refers both to the therapeutic technique and the therapeutic system of Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine (AHM).

Impact of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Catalysis.

Catalysis stands as an indispensable cornerstone of modern society, underpinning the production of over 80% of manufactured goods and driving over 90% of industrial chemical processes. As the demand for more efficient and sustainable processes grows, better catalysts are needed. Understanding the working principles of catalysts is key, and over the last 50 years, surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has become essential.

Coachability: A Longitudinal Curriculum to Promote Medical Students' Growth Mindset, Feedback Utilization, and Resilience.

Introduction: The concept of medical student coachability, adapted from athletics and business management, offers a framework for characterizing students' roles as clinical learners. We defined coachability as effectively seeking, receiving, and using feedback-even negative feedback-to change behavior and reach learning goals. To facilitate success in our clinical clerkships, we sought to empower preclerkship students' capacity to be coached.

The Effect of Forearm Shortening on Finger Flexion: A Biomechanical Study.

Purpose: Surgeons may shorten the forearm for many indications. We quantified the impact of shortening on finger flexion with a cadaver model.

Methods: Ten fresh cadaver proximal forearms were pinned to a static block.

Early life stress induced sex-specific changes in behavior is paralleled by altered locus coeruleus physiology in BALB/cJ mice.

Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with many neurodevelopmental and affective disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, with more exposures increasing negative risk. Sex and genetic background are biological variables involved in adverse psychiatric outcomes due to early life trauma. Females in general have an increased prevalence of stress-related psychopathologies beginning after adolescence, indicative of adolescence being a female-specific sensitive period.