Revelations of ancient head shape: Cranial modification in the Cuzco region of Peru, Early Horizon to Inca Imperial Period.

Objectives: Cranial vault modification (CVM), the intentional reshaping of the head, indicated group affiliation in prehistoric Andean South America. This study aims to analyze CVM data from the Cuzco region of Peru to illuminate patterns of early migration and settlement along with the later impact of the Inca Empire (AD 1438-1532) on the ethnic landscape.

Materials And Methods: 419 individuals from 10 archaeological sites spanning over 2300 years were assessed for CVM using morphological analysis.

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting, and Craving.

To better explain daily fluctuations in physical activity and sedentary behavior, investigations of motivation are turning from social cognitive frameworks to those centered on affect, emotion and automaticity, such as the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), Integrated Framework and Affective-Reflective Theory (ART). This shift has necessitated: (a) re-examination of older theories and their constructs, such as drives, needs and tensions and (b) an inspection of competing theories from other fields that also attempt to explain dynamic changes in health behaviors. The Dynamical Model of Desire, Elaborated Intrusion Theory and others commonly share with AHBF the idea that human behavior is driven strongly by and/or the similar concepts of wants, urges, and cravings.

Abnormalities of Aspiration and Swallowing Function in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure.

The mechanisms responsible for aspiration are relatively unknown in patients recovering from acute respiratory failure (ARF) who required mechanical ventilation. Though many conditions may contribute to swallowing dysfunction, alterations in laryngeal structure and swallowing function likely play a role in the development of aspiration. At four university-based tertiary medical centers, we conducted a prospective cohort study of ARF patients who required intensive care and mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h.

Nurses and Patients' Perspectives on Spiritual Health Assessment.

Nurses conduct physical and psychosocial assessments during admissions to healthcare facilities. Patients rely upon nurses to provide support and education during their journey, from periods of health decline to states of optimal wellness. Therefore, nurses are an ideal population to assess spiritual health.

Looking Back and Moving Forward: SOPHE's 70 Years of Contributions to Health Education.

Founded in 1950, the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) provides leadership to the health education profession and promotes the health of all people through six strategic commitments: developing and promoting standards for professional preparation and credentialing of community and school health educators; stimulating research on the theory, practice, and teaching of health education; supporting elimination of health disparities and the achievement of health equity; providing continuing education of the health education workforce; advocating for policy and legislation affecting public health and health promotion; and supporting a network of local chapters. This article describes how SOPHE has pursued these strategic commitments during the past 70 years and discusses challenges that will influence the future of SOPHE and the contours of the research and practice agendas of the field going forward.

A Fig Deal: A Global Look at Fig Mosaic Disease and its Putative Associates.

Fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a complex viral disease with which 12 viruses, including a confirmed causal agent, fig mosaic emaravirus (FMV), and three viroids are associated worldwide. FMD was first described in California in the early 1930s. Symptoms include foliar chlorosis, deformation, and mosaic patterns.

Differences in health behaviors related to overweight/obesity by race/ethnicity in a diverse urban commuter college.

To examine health behaviors associated with overweight/obesity by race/ethnicity at a diverse urban college. 270 undergraduates (77.0% female; 26.

Continuing the Journey Toward Health Equity: Becoming Antiracist in Health Promotion Research and Practice.

Health education and promotion researchers and practitioners are committed to eliminating health disparities, and the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) has continuously supported this effort through its journals, professional development, annual conferences, and advocacy. The COVID-19 pandemic elucidated inequities directly caused by racism and other social determinants of health. In order to achieve health equity, we need to become antiracist in our research, practice, and advocacy work by standing united against racist policies and practices.

N400 amplitude, latency, and variability reflect temporal integration of beat gesture and pitch accent during language processing.

This study examines how across-trial (average) and trial-by-trial (variability in) amplitude and latency of the N400 event-related potential (ERP) reflect temporal integration of pitch accent and beat gesture. Thirty native English speakers viewed videos of a talker producing sentences with beat gesture co-occurring with a pitch accented focus word (synchronous), beat gesture co-occurring with the onset of a subsequent non-focused word (asynchronous), or the absence of beat gesture (no beat). Across trials, increased amplitude and earlier latency were observed when beat gesture was temporally asynchronous with pitch accenting than when it was temporally synchronous with pitch accenting or absent.

The Association Between Endotracheal Tube Size and Aspiration (During Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing) in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors.

Objectives: To determine whether a modifiable risk factor, endotracheal tube size, is associated with the diagnosis of postextubation aspiration in survivors of acute respiratory failure.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: ICUs at four academic tertiary care medical centers.

Impact of enriched environment during adolescence on adult social behavior, hippocampal synaptic density and dopamine D2 receptor expression in rats.

Environmental enrichment (EE) is one experimental manipulation that induces changes in the brain. However, it is important to distinguish between physical and social components of enrichment. To this end we established four groups of rats reared in different enriched environments during the adolescent period.

Marine heatwaves and the collapse of marginal North Atlantic kelp forests.

Extreme climatic events including marine heatwaves (MHWs) are becoming more frequent and severe in the Anthropocene. However, our understanding of how these events affect population dynamics of ecologically important species is limited, in part because extreme events are rare and difficult to predict. Here, we quantified the occurrence and severity of MHWs over 60 years in warm range edge kelp forests on both sides of the North Atlantic.

Development of an Accurate Bedside Swallowing Evaluation Decision Tree Algorithm for Detecting Aspiration in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors.

Background: The bedside swallowing evaluation (BSE) is an assessment of swallowing function and airway safety during swallowing. After extubation, the BSE often is used to identify the risk of aspiration in acute respiratory failure (ARF) survivors.

Research Question: We conducted a multicenter prospective study of ARF survivors to determine the accuracy of the BSE and to develop a decision tree algorithm to identify aspiration risk.

Machine Learning Models Reveal the Importance of Clinical Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes complications with thinking capability, memory and behavior. AD is a major public health problem among the elderly in developed and developing countries. With the growth of AD around the world, there is a need to further expand our understanding of the roles different clinical measurements can have in the diagnosis of AD.

The association between sympatho-vagal balance and central blood pressures.

Purpose: High central blood pressure is more predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) versus high peripheral blood pressure. Measures of central pressures (CPs) include, central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and central diastolic blood pressure. Measures of central pressures augmentation (CPsA) include augmentation pressure (AP) and the augmentation index @ 75 beats·min-1 (AIx@75).

Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Early Pliocene Sagantole Formation at Gona, Ethiopia.

The Early Pliocene Sagantole Fm. in the Gona Project area, Afar State, Ethiopia, is noted for discoveries of the early hominin Ardipithecus ramidus. A large series of fossil cercopithecid primates dated to between 4.

First Measurement of Λ_{c} Baryon Production in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

We report on the first measurement of the charmed baryon Λ_{c}^{±} production at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The Λ_{c}/D^{0} [denoting (Λ_{c}^{+}+Λ_{c}^{-})/(D^{0}+D[over ¯]^{0})] yield ratio is measured to be 1.08±0.

Narrative orphaned: When grief overwhelms.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: The loss of a parent for an adult can be devastating and can impact other relationships. The adult, in absence of parental love and support, may question their own identity. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: A narrative is used to explain the adults' experience of parental death and their new identity of being orphaned.

Naloxone perspectives from people who use opioids: Findings from an ethnographic study in three states.

Background: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse an opioid overdose. Increased opioid-related mortality rates led to greater distribution of naloxone without a prescription and administration of naloxone by laypersons. This study fills a gap in knowledge of naloxone experiences among active users of opioids living in suburban communities.

Trimethyl 4,4',4''-(ethene-1,1,2-tri-yl)tribenzoate.

The title compound, CHO, is formed as the major product from the reaction between -1,2-bis-(pinacolatoboron)-1,2-bis-(4-methyl-carb-oxy-phen-yl)ethene and excess methyl 4-iodo-benzoate in basic DMSO using a palladium catalyst at 80°C Suzuki coupling followed by protodeboronation. Crystals were grown by slow evaporation of a hexa-nes solution at room temperature.

Distinguishing metastatic triple-negative breast cancer from nonmetastatic breast cancer using second harmonic generation imaging and resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subset of breast cancer that is more common in African-American and Hispanic women. Early detection followed by intensive treatment is critical to improving poor survival rates. The current standard to diagnose TNBC from histopathology of biopsy samples is invasive and time-consuming.

Uncertainty in Transition of African American Caregivers.

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the ambiguities and uncertainties experienced by a diverse group of African-American caregivers. The study applied Schlossberg's transition theory (TT) and Mishel's revised uncertainty theory to narratives of self-identified African-American caregivers who provided care at least 5 h a week. The men (6) and women (8) were mostly unmarried, mostly caring for a parent or grandparent.

Co-occurrence of Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts with cranial fossils from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia.

Although stone tools generally co-occur with early members of the genus , they are rarely found in direct association with hominins. We report that both Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts and crania were found in close association at 1.26 million years (Ma) ago at Busidima North (BSN12), and ca.

Cultural Considerations in the Care of Psychiatric Patients: A Case Study on Fright.

When providing psychiatric care to patients, cultural considerations are necessary to ensure that patients' individual healthcare needs are known and addressed. Failure to incorporate cultural considerations such as food preferences, gender congruency with nursing care, awareness of faith and religious practices, and the use of alternative medicinal and herbal approaches to healthcare treatment, can result in poor treatment engagement and outcomes for patients. The provision of culturally competent health care for psychiatric patients must be patient-centered; with nurses and all healthcare team members collaborating with patients and their families (significant others) in the delivery of safe, high quality, and effective care.