Interventions to Reduce Loneliness in Community-Living Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The problem of loneliness has garnered increased attention from policymakers, payors, and providers due to higher rates during the pandemic, particularly among seniors. Prior systematic reviews have in general not been able to reach conclusions about effectiveness of interventions.

Methods: Computerized databases were searched using broad terms such as "loneliness" or "lonely" or "social isolation" or "social support" from Jan 1, 2011 to June 23, 2021.

Dual antiplatelet management in the perioperative period: updated and expanded systematic review.

Background: Antiplatelet agents are central in the management of vascular disease. The use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for the management of thromboembolic complications must be weighed against bleeding risk in the perioperative setting. This balance is critical in patients undergoing cardiac or non-cardiac surgery.

Association of Promoting Housing Affordability and Stability With Improved Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Housing insecurity-that is, difficulty with housing affordability and stability-is prevalent and results in increased risk for both homelessness and poor health. However, whether interventions that prevent housing insecurity upstream of homelessness improve health remains uncertain.

Objective: To review evidence characterizing associations of primary prevention strategies for housing insecurity with adult physical health, mental health, health-related behaviors, health care use, and health care access.

Interventions to Address Food Insecurity Among Adults in Canada and the US: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Inadequate access to food is a risk factor for poor health and the effectiveness of federal programs targeting food insecurity, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), are well-documented. The associations between other types of interventions to provide adequate food access and food insecurity status, health outcomes, and health care utilization, however, are unclear.

Objective: To review evidence on the association between food insecurity interventions and food insecurity status, clinically-relevant health outcomes, and health care utilization among adults, excluding SNAP.

Effect of interventions for non-emergent medical transportation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Transportation is an important social determinant of health. We conducted a systematic review of the associations on health and health care utilization of interventions aimed at reducing barriers to non-emergency transportation and non-medical transportation.

Methods: We searched three databases and the gray literature through mid-January 2022.

An evidence map of treatments for infantile epilepsy.

Epilepsy prevalence is high among infants, but treatment guidelines are not clear. We conducted a scoping review of interventions to manage epilepsy in infants, and identified 37 studies. Most studies reported that interventions were effective (22 studies; 76 %), but randomized controlled trials were uncommon (7 studies; 19 %) and sample sizes were small (range: 2 to 284 participants; mean: 69.

Sleep management in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can lead to many negative secondary outcomes for patients, including sleep disturbances. The objective of this meta-analysis is (1) to evaluate the effect of interventions for adults with PTSD on sleep outcomes, PTSD outcomes, and adverse events, and (2) to evaluate the differential effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve sleep compared to those that do not.

Methods: Nine databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PTSD from January 1980 to October 2019.

Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases.

Methods And Materials: The literature search included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; independently submitted data, expert consultation, and contacting authors.

Differences in lymphoma patients between chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy trials and the general population.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies appear to be promising treatments for non-Hodgkin's and B-cell lymphoma. However, several CAR-T therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration have only been tested for efficacy in relatively few single-arm clinical trials with small sample sizes. We sought to examine the differences between patients in these trials and the general population of patients with non-Hodgkin's and B-cell lymphoma.

The Use of Technology in the Clinical Care of Anxiety: An Evidence Map.

Objective: Cost, distance, and stigma may present barriers to face-to-face treatment for anxiety disorders. Technology can help overcome these barriers. The evidence map presented here provides an overview of technology use in clinical care for anxiety.

An evidence map of randomised controlled trials evaluating genetic therapies.

Objectives: Genetic therapies replace or inactivate disease-causing genes or introduce new or modified genes. These therapies have the potential to cure in a single application rather than treating symptoms through repeated administrations. This evidence map provides a broad overview of the genetic therapies that have been evaluated in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for efficacy and safety.

Evidence map of ductal carcinoma in situ management options.

Objective: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has the potential to progress to invasive carcinoma. The optimal management of DCIS and methods for individualizing treatment of DCIS are still being determined. This evidence map depicts the robustness and topical span of research on DCIS management choice on patient-centered and clinical outcomes.

Sequelae of an Evidence-based Approach to Management for Access to Care in the Veterans Health Administration.

Background: Access to health care is a critical concept in the design, delivery, and evaluation of high quality care. Meaningful evaluation of access requires research evidence and the integration of perspectives of patients, providers, and administrators.

Objective: Because of high-profile access challenges, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) invested in research and implemented initiatives to address access management.

Spread tools: a systematic review of components, uptake, and effectiveness of quality improvement toolkits.

Background: The objective was to conduct a systematic review of toolkit evaluations intended to spread interventions to improve healthcare quality. We aimed to determine the components, uptake, and effectiveness of publicly available toolkits.

Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and the Web of Science from 2005 to May 2018 for evaluations of publicly available toolkits, used a forward search of known toolkits, screened references, and contacted topic experts.

Obesity Prevention Interventions and Implications for Energy Balance in the United States and Mexico: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Obesity is preventable and yet continues to be a major risk factor for chronic disease. Multiple prevention approaches have been proposed across multiple settings where people live, work, learn, worship, and play. This review searched the vast literature on obesity prevention interventions to assess their effects on daily energy consumed and energy expended.

Massage for Pain: An Evidence Map.

Massage therapy has been proposed for painful conditions, but it can be difficult to understand the breadth and depth of evidence, as various painful conditions may respond differently to massage. The authors conducted an evidence mapping process and generated an "evidence map" to visually depict the distribution of evidence available for massage and various pain indications to identify gaps in evidence and to inform future research priorities. The authors searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for systematic reviews reporting pain outcomes for massage therapy.

Development of a Group Judgment Process for Forecasts of Health Care Innovations.

Importance: Health care costs have increased substantially over the past few decades, in part owing to the development and diffusion of new medical treatments. Forecasting potential future technologic innovations can allow for more informed planning.

Objective: To assess the predictive validity of a structured formal method for forecasting future technologic innovations in health care.

Effectiveness of multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses for cataract surgery and lens replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) offer the possibility of spectacle-free vision following cataract surgery compared to standard IOLs. Existing systematic reviews have generally concluded that multifocal IOLs result in better uncorrected near vision and greater spectacle independence, but more unwanted visual phenomena such as glare and halos, compared to monofocal IOLs. However, the certainty of evidence has been low for most outcomes, and pooled analyses have grouped together technologically obsolete lenses with newer lenses, potentially obscuring differences in performance across different lens types.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods provide guidance on prioritization and selection of harms in systematic reviews.

Objectives: Systematic reviews should provide balanced assessments of benefits and harms, while focusing on the most important outcomes. Selection of harms to be reviewed can be a challenge due to the potential for large numbers of diverse harms.

Study Design And Setting: A workgroup of methodologists from Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs) developed consensus-based guidance on selection and prioritization of harms in systematic reviews.

Two alternatives versus the standard Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) summary of findings (SoF) tables to improve understanding in the presentation of systematic review results: a three-arm, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Objective: Summary of findings (SoF) tables present results of systematic reviews in a concise and explicit format. Adopted by many review groups including the Cochrane Collaboration and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), optimal understanding of SoF table may be influenced by the type of information being conveyed and objectives or preferences of the end user. This study aims to compare three SoF table formats in terms of understanding, accessibility, satisfaction and preference with systematic review users.

Association of Spinal Manipulative Therapy With Clinical Benefit and Harm for Acute Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Acute low back pain is common and spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is a treatment option. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have reported different conclusions about the effectiveness of SMT.

Objective: To systematically review studies of the effectiveness and harms of SMT for acute (≤6 weeks) low back pain.