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Southampton University[Affiliation] Publications | LitMetric

2,656 results match your criteria: "Southampton University[Affiliation]"

Social attention is a key aspect of neurodevelopment and is significantly altered in neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes and many individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The primary aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of webcam-collected social attention measurements, including four new specific aspects of social attention, in three genetic syndromes (PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome-PHTS; Malan Syndrome-NFIX; and SYNGAP1-related disorder-SYNGAP1), a mixed group of other neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes (Other NDGS), and individuals with a range of idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). The secondary aim was to evaluate the construct validity of these social attention measurements, including evaluating known-groups validity across study groups and concurrent validity for separating ASD and non-ASD cases.

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Background And Objective: Post-operative periprosthetic femoral fractures (POPFF) present a growing challenge for healthcare services, but there are limited national data on patient profiles, short-term outcomes, and post-discharge follow-up. We aimed to fill these gaps.

Methods: Using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), we identified POPFF discharges from hospitals in England for patients aged 18 and above between April 2016 and December 2022.

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Article Synopsis
  • * In a sample of 382 Asian women planning to conceive, the research identifies a new liver fat cutoff of 2.07% for diagnosing MetS, with trends indicating worsened MetS traits and plasma metabolomic changes as liver fat increases.
  • * Results show that preconception liver fat levels significantly correlate with the risk of gestational diabetes, with moderate liver fat (2.07% to 5.56%) doubling and high liver fat (≥5.56%) increasing the risk seven
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  • * The case studies a man in his 20s who experienced spontaneous, non-traumatic multivessel CAD affecting three to four vessels, leading to bilateral cerebellar infarcts and a basilar artery thrombus.
  • * It's essential for clinicians to recognize CAD and its potential severity, emphasizing the need for thorough clinical examinations and proper imaging, and highlighting the importance of accurately assessing eye movements in the diagnosis.
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  • Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) plays a crucial role in calcium uptake and energy metabolism, especially during muscle contractions, but its therapeutic potential in aging-related muscle decline is not well understood.
  • Research reveals that the regulator MCUR1 is downregulated in aging muscles, leading to reduced mitochondrial calcium uptake and impaired energy production, contributing to sarcopenia (muscle loss).
  • The natural compound oleuropein has been identified as an activator of MCU, which enhances mitochondrial function and endurance in both young and older mice, indicating its potential as a food-derived treatment for age-related muscle dysfunction.
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  • Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) aims to align the femoral component properly with respect to the femoral cortex, but there is a lack of focus on restoring the native trochlear groove height (TGH), which this study seeks to investigate.
  • The study measured TGH in 110 normal subjects, finding it varied from the anterior femoral cortex by an average of 2.32 mm, indicating potential misalignment in TKA procedures.
  • Results suggest that approximately 24.5% of patients could be over- or understuffed by more than 2 mm when a standard trochlear depth is used, highlighting the need for surgical approaches that consider TGH to improve TKA outcomes.
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Background: Mechanical ventilation is a common and often lifesaving intervention that is utilised in intensive care. However, the practices can vary between centres. Through this national survey we aim to gain more information about different strategies adopted across the UK.

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Background: Most people living with dementia live in their own home supported by family carers. One of the most challenging problems they face is managing toilet-use and continence. Carers have repeatedly asked for better advice from healthcare professionals.

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Airway macrophage glycolysis controls lung homeostasis and responses to aeroallergen.

Mucosal Immunol

October 2024

National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address:

The lungs represent a dynamic microenvironment where airway macrophages (AMs) are the major lung-resident macrophages. AMs dictate the balance between tissue homeostasis and immune activation and thus have contradictory functions by maintaining tolerance and tissue homeostasis, as well as initiating strong inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence has highlighted the connection between macrophage function and cellular metabolism.

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Objective: Most patients who have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implant do not receive life-prolonging therapy from it. Little research has been undertaken to determine which patients benefit the least from ICD therapy. As patients age and accumulate comorbidities, the risk of death increases and the benefit of ICDs diminishes.

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  • * The article summarizes recommendations for handling fluids from the preoperative stage to hospital discharge, focusing on various surgical procedures while excluding certain categories like burn injuries and head and neck surgeries.
  • * Individualized fluid management is emphasized, considering the type of surgery and patient-specific factors, while ongoing gaps in knowledge highlight the need for further research in this area.
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Background: Delirium is a common and reversible neurobehavioral condition with significant morbidity and mortality ramifications for older patients. Consequentially, clear guidelines exist pertaining to its swift identification and management. However, studies suggest that adherence to these guidelines are poor.

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GC-rich tandem repeat expansions (TREs) are often associated with DNA methylation, gene silencing and folate-sensitive fragile sites, and underlie several congenital and late-onset disorders. Through a combination of DNA-methylation profiling and tandem repeat genotyping, we identified 24 methylated TREs and investigated their effects on human traits using phenome-wide association studies in 168,641 individuals from the UK Biobank, identifying 156 significant TRE-trait associations involving 17 different TREs. Of these, a GCC expansion in the promoter of AFF3 was associated with a 2.

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Background: The aims of this study were to assess the perioperative morbidity, mortality and long-term survival of octogenarians undergoing acute type A aortic dissection repair (ATAAD), and to compare open and closed distal anastomosis techniques.

Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study (2007-2021). Open versus closed distal anastomosis were compared.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Researchers studied how a mother's diet quality and eating habits during pregnancy affect her child's metabolic health, particularly focusing on weight and insulin resistance in children by age 6.
  • - They found that a better diet quality during pregnancy was linked to lower insulin resistance in children, while mothers who mainly ate at night tended to have offspring with higher insulin resistance, especially among boys.
  • - Overall, the study highlights the significance of maternal eating patterns and diet quality during pregnancy, suggesting both factors can influence a child’s metabolic health, with stronger effects observed in male children and in those exposed to lower diet quality.
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Considerations for the use of biological therapies in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Expert Opin Biol Ther

October 2024

NIHR clinical research facility, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects middle-aged individuals but is increasingly prevalent among the elderly due to longer life expectancies. Treating elderly onset RA (EORA) is challenging for clinicians because of unique disease characteristics, comorbidities, polypharmacy, age-related physiological changes, and limited studies on the safety and efficacy of biological therapies in this population. This review aims to evaluate the use of various biological therapies in elderly RA patients.

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Chronic consequences of accidental dural puncture and postdural puncture headache in obstetric anaesthesia - sieving through the evidence.

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol

October 2024

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Women's Wellness and Research Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Purpose Of Review: Accidental dural puncture (ADP) and postdural puncture headache (PDPH) are relatively common complications of neuraxial anaesthesia and analgesia in obstetrics. Both may result in acute and chronic morbidity. This review intends to discuss the chronic implications of ADP and PDPH and raise awareness of severe and potentially life-threatening conditions associated with them.

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Designing and integrating Fe(iii)-based spin crossover (SCO) complexes onto substrates remains a challenging goal with only a handful of examples reported. In this work, we successfully synthesized and characterized three [Fe(qsal-OR)]NO (qsal-OR = 5-alkoxy-2-[(8-quinolylimino)methyl]phenolate) complexes, in which R = CH1, CH2, and CH3 to explore the impact of alkyl chain on the modulation of SCO activity and potential for self-assembly on a glass surface. The SCO is found to be gradual and incomplete in all cases, with the LS state more stabilised as the alkyl group shortens.

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Importance: The autonomic nervous system maintains internal stability by concurrently prioritizing and managing different functions. It is currently not known whether dysfunction at the aerodigestive junction could overwhelm autonomic control and impair other functions.

Objective: To compare baroreflex sensitivity, a prognostically significant index of the autonomic system's ability to stabilize blood pressure, between patients with predominantly esophagogastric (digestive) and patients with predominantly laryngopharyngeal (aerodigestive) symptoms.

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Article Synopsis
  • Severe asthma (SA) has various clinical phenotypes linked to a diverse airway microbiome, and a study focused on identifying phenotypes with low microbial diversity.
  • Metagenomic sequencing of sputum samples from SA participants identified 51 out of 97 samples with relative dominant species (RDS), with Haemophilus influenzae being the most prevalent.
  • The research found that a specific cluster of RDSs associated with Haemophilus influenzae had more severe disease characteristics and indicated a host response linked to neutrophilic inflammation, suggesting potential for antibiotic treatment in this group.
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Introduction: A minority of school-aged children with asthma have persistent poor control and experience frequent asthma attacks despite maximal prescribed maintenance therapy. These children have higher morbidity and risk of death. The first add-on biologic therapy, omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks immunoglobulin (Ig)E, was licensed for children with severe asthma in 2005.

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Species-level, metagenomic and proteomic analysis of microbe-immune interactions in severe asthma.

Allergy

November 2024

Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, Respiratory Medicine Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to characterize the airway microbiome in severe asthma at the species level and examine how specific bacteria relate to mucosal immune responses, particularly in a subgroup of asthma known for low type-2 inflammation.
  • Researchers analyzed sputum and nasal samples from two cohorts of adults with severe asthma using advanced sequencing techniques and integrated data with clinical and protein assessments.
  • Findings indicated that a significant portion of severe asthma cases were dominated by specific pathogens like H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, with distinct relationships observed between these bacteria and inflammatory responses in the airways.
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