The Development of a Communication Tool to Aid Parent-Centered Communication between Parents and Healthcare Professionals: A Quality Improvement Project.

Good communication is central to good healthcare. As a result of poor communication between parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in clinical settings, this study aimed to address this problem by developing a communication tool to empower parents and act as a prompt for HCPs to talk about the child's care and gather information at the point of admission to hospital about what is important to families, therefore supporting patient-centered communication. A design thinking process was used to develop a physical copy of Chloe's card and evaluate its use.

A Minimally Interventional Approach to Oesophageal Atresia Repair With Early Enteral Feeding is Safe, Optimises Neonatal Outcomes, and Reduces Resource use.

Purpose: Recent series of newborn Oesophageal Atresia (OA) repair continue to report widespread use of chest drains, gastrostomy, routine contrast studies and parenteral nutrition (PN) despite evidence suggesting these are superfluous. We report outcomes using a minimally interventional approach to post-operative recovery.

Methods: Ethically approved (15/WA/0153), single-centre, retrospective case-note review of consecutive infants with OA 2000-2022.

Predictors of surgical complications in boys with hypospadias: data from an internationa registry.

Background: Complications are frequently reported after hypospadias repair and there is a need to understand the factors that influence their occurrence.

Methods: Data from boys with hypospadias born between 2000 and 2020 were obtained from the International Disorders of Sex Development (I-DSD) Registry. Logistic regressions, fisher's exact tests and spearman's correlation tests were performed on the data to assess associations between clinical factors and complication rates.

Distinct clinical phenotypes in paediatric cancer patients with sepsis are associated with different outcomes-an international multicentre retrospective study.

Background: Identifying phenotypes in sepsis patients may enable precision medicine approaches. However, the generalisability of these phenotypes to specific patient populations is unclear. Given that paediatric cancer patients with sepsis have different host response and pathogen profiles and higher mortality rates when compared to non-cancer patients, we determined whether unique, reproducible, and clinically-relevant sepsis phenotypes exist in this specific patient population.

De Novo Crohn's Disease in Children With Ulcerative Colitis Undergoing Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study From the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of the ESPGHAN.

Background And Aims: We sought to define the prevalence and to characterize possible predictive factors of Crohn's disease (CD) occurring in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA).

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study including 15 centers of the Porto IBD group of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Children with a confirmed diagnosis of UC undergoing colectomy with IPAA and a minimal follow up of 6 months were identified.

Sleep related rhythmic movement disorder: phenotypic characteristics and treatment response in a paediatric cohort.

Objective: To describe phenotypic, polysomnographic characteristics, impact, and treatment response in children with sleep related rhythmic movement disorder (SR-RMD).

Background: There is limited research on SR-RMD. We have developed a systematic clinical evaluation of children with SR-RMD to improve understanding and treatment.

Environmental impact of low-dose methoxyflurane versus nitrous oxide for analgesia: how green is the 'green whistle'?

Background: The NHS has the target of reducing its carbon emission by 80% by 2032. Part of its strategy is using pharmaceuticals with a less harmful impact on the environment. Nitrous oxide is currently used widely within the NHS.

Prevalence of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in individuals with ADHD across the lifespan: a Swedish nationwide register-based study.

Background: Consistent evidence suggests a strong association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subjectively reported sleep problems. However, the prevalence of clinically ascertained sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in individuals with ADHD remains unclear.

Objective: To determine the rates of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD.

National point-prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use: UK-PAS/UKHSA joint call to action for all paediatric services.

The negative impact of high antimicrobial use (AMU), antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) on children is concerning. However, a lack of available paediatric data makes it challenging to design and implement interventions that would improve health outcomes in this population, and impedes efforts to secure additional resources. The upcoming 2023 national point-prevalence survey of HCAIs and AMU in hospitals, led by the UK Health Security Agency, is an opportunity to collect valuable information, which will enable healthcare providers and policy makers to optimize antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention practices in all populations, including children.

Outcome monitoring and risk stratification after cardiac procedure in neonates, infants, children and young adults born with congenital heart disease: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study (Children OMACp).

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents the most common birth defect, affecting from 0.4% to 1.2% of children born in developed countries.

Variation in access and prescription of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a UK-wide study.

Background: Therapeutic options for paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited, especially for younger children. Unlike in adults, vedolizumab and ustekinumab are not licensed for paediatric use in the UK. We aimed to understand the real-world access to, and use of, these therapies in the paediatric population.

Pedi-R-MAPP | the development, testing, validation, and refinement of a digital nutrition awareness tool.

Background & Aims: The Remote Malnutrition Application (R-MAPP) was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide support for health care professionals (HCPs) working in the community to complete remote nutritional assessments and provide practical guidance for nutritional care. R-MAPP was adapted into Pediatric Remote Malnutrition Application (Pedi-R-MAPP) using a modified Delphi consensus, with the goal of providing a structured approach to completing a nutrition focused assessment as part of a technology enabled care service (TECS) consultation. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a digital version of Pedi-R-MAPP using the IDEAS framework (Integrate, Design, Assess and Share).

Estimating Total Energy Expenditure to Determine Energy Requirements in Free-Living Children With Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease: Can a Structured Approach Help Improve Clinical Care?

Objective: Malnutrition and obesity are complex burdensome challenges in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) management that can adversely affect growth, disease progression, wellbeing, and response to treatment. Total energy expenditure (TEE) and energy requirements in children are essential for growth outcomes but are poorly defined, leaving clinical practice varied and insecure. The aims of this study were to explore a practical approach to guide prescribed nutritional interventions, using measurements of TEE, physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), and their relationship to kidney function.

Regulatory T cell profiles in patients with -methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis.

Purpose: Purpose Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders and used in adoptive cell transfer therapies. Neither have been explored in patients with autoimmune encephalitis where treated patient outcomes remain suboptimal with frequent relapses. Here, to identify new treatment strategies for autoimmune encephalitis, we sought to evaluate the proportion of circulating Tregs and Treg subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with -methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis (NMDAR-Ab-E) and compared this with healthy controls.

Inflammatory bowel disease: recent developments.

Paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and heterogenous condition. Incidence of disease in those aged <18 years has doubled over the last 25 years, with concurrent increased prevalence and no decrease in disease severity. The tools available at diagnosis for investigation have developed over the last 10 years, including better utilisation of faecal calprotectin, improved small bowel imaging and video capsule endoscopy.

COVID-19 in congenital heart disease (COaCHeD) study.

Background: COVID-19 has caused significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is likely to increase vulnerability and understanding the predictors of adverse outcomes is key to optimising care.

Objective: Ascertain the impact of COVID-19 on people with CHD and define risk factors for adverse outcomes.

The tracheal system of the Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris) - A micro-CT study.

X-ray micro-CT has been used to study the tracheal system of Pre and Post hibernation Queen wasps (Vespula vulgaris) and their workers. We have compared our findings in wasps with Snodgrass's description of the tracheal system of the honeybee as characterised by anatomical dissection. Our images, whilst broadly similar, identify the tracheal system as being considerably more complex than previously suggested.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of community-based interventions aimed at improving health literacy of parents/carers of children.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of community-based health literacy interventions in improving the health literacy of parents.

Methods: A systematic review of six databases - MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Education Source - was conducted to identify relevant articles. Risk of bias was assessed using version two of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials or the Cochrane collaboration risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions.

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone due to hypothalamic hamartoma: use of tolvaptan.

Objectives: Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) typically presents with gonadotrophin-dependent precocious puberty and/or seizures. Other endocrine disturbances are rare. We describe an infant with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) and a HH.