Understanding the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Around 1 in 20 patients experience avoidable healthcare-associated harm worldwide. Despite longstanding concerns, there is insufficient information available about the safety of healthcare for prisoners. To address this, this study will investigate the scale and nature of avoidable healthcare-associated harm for prisoners in England.

Strengthening rural healthcare outcomes through digital health: qualitative multi-site case study.

Background: Rural populations experience ongoing health inequities with disproportionately high morbidity and mortality rates, but digital health in rural settings is poorly studied. Our research question was: How does digital health influence healthcare outcomes in rural settings? The objective was to identify how digital health capability enables the delivery of outcomes in rural settings according to the quadruple aims of healthcare: population health, patient experience, healthcare costs and provider experience.

Methods: A multi-site qualitative case study was conducted with interviews and focus groups performed with healthcare staff (n = 93) employed in rural healthcare systems (n = 10) in the state of Queensland, Australia.

Improving health system responses when patients are harmed: a protocol for a multistage mixed-methods study.

Introduction: At least 10% of hospital admissions in high-income countries, including Australia, are associated with patient safety incidents, which contribute to patient harm ('adverse events'). When a patient is seriously harmed, an investigation or review is undertaken to reduce the risk of further incidents occurring. Despite 20 years of investigations into adverse events in healthcare, few evaluations provide evidence of their quality and effectiveness in reducing preventable harm.

Senaparib as first-line maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as maintenance therapy after first-line chemotherapy have improved progression-free survival in women with advanced ovarian cancer; however, not all PARP inhibitors can provide benefit for a biomarker-unselected population. Senaparib is a PARP inhibitor that demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, in phase 1 studies. The multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 trial FLAMES randomized (2:1) 404 females with advanced ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III-IV) and response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy to senaparib 100 mg (n = 271) or placebo (n = 133) orally once daily for up to 2 years.

Implementation of a Frailty Care Bundle (FCB) Targeting Mobilisation, Nutrition and Cognitive Engagement to Reduce Hospital Associated Decline in Older Orthopaedic Trauma Patients: Pretest-Posttest Intervention Study.

Objective: To implement and evaluate a Frailty Care Bundle (FCB) targeting mobilisation, nutrition, and cognition in older trauma patients to reduce hospital associated decline.

Methods: We used a two group, pretest-posttest design. The FCB intervention was delivered on two orthopaedic wards and two rehabilitation wards, guided by behaviour change theory (COM-B) to implement changes in ward routines (patient mobility goals, nurse assisted mobilisation, mealtimes, communication).

Optimization of drug scheduling for cancer chemotherapy with considering reducing cumulative drug toxicity.

An improved optimal drug scheduling model with considering two control drugs is proposed and the Gauss pseudospectral-based optimization method is studied to decrease the tumor size and drug toxicity in this work. Firstly, the Dexrazoxane drug, which has significant clinical effect to reduce the toxicity of the anticancer drug, is introduced. By analyzing the growth kinetics model of cancer chemotherapy, the toxicity reduction drug is regarded as the second input in the cancer dynamic equations.

Development of a pilot interprofessional education workshop for healthcare students and assessment of interprofessional collaborative competency attainment.

We describe the development and student evaluation of a collaborative health service provider and higher education institution initiative designed to deliver an Interprofessional Education (IPE) pilot workshop program for healthcare students. The aim was to investigate whether an IPE workshop would result in improved student confidence in self-reported interprofessional competencies using the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Scale (ICCAS) tool. The workshops involved interprofessional student groups working on a patient case followed by a facilitator-led discussion and patient representative interaction.

Impact of a quality improvement intervention on the incidence of surgical site infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: Pre-test-post-test design.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of a complex quality improvement intervention on the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

Background: Surgical site infections are a major postoperative complication for patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Prevention of SSIs necessitates a complex intervention requiring many elements to be in place to ensure the successful implementation of prevention measures.

Assessing the Prevalence of Trachoma: Lessons from Community Screening with Laboratory Testing in Australia's Torres Strait Islands.

Purpose: We undertook a screening program between 2016 and 2019 to determine if trachoma was endemic in the Torres Strait Islands of Queensland, Australia.

Methods: Eleven screening surveys assessing trachoma prevalence were undertaken in seven communities using the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading tool. Additionally, an ophthalmologist performed a detailed clinical assessment including examination for Herbert's pits and corneal pannus and, where clinically indicated, collection of conjunctival specimens to investigate the presence of nucleic acid.

Establishing Clinical Swallowing Assessment Services via Telepractice: A Multisite Implementation Evaluation.

Purpose While research has confirmed the feasibility and validity of delivering clinical swallowing evaluations (CSEs) via telepractice, challenges exist for clinical implementation. Using an implementation framework, strategies that supported implementation of CSE services via telepractice within 18 regional/rural sites across five health services were examined. Method A coordinated implementation strategy involving remote training and support was provided to 18 sites across five health services (five hub and spoke services) that had identified a need to implement CSEs via telepractice.

FAM3D is essential for colon homeostasis and host defense against inflammation associated carcinogenesis.

The physiological homeostasis of gut mucosal barrier is maintained by both genetic and environmental factors and its impairment leads to pathogenesis such as inflammatory bowel disease. A cytokine like molecule, FAM3D (mouse Fam3D), is highly expressed in mouse gastrointestinal tract. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency in Fam3D is associated with impaired integrity of colonic mucosa, increased epithelial hyper-proliferation, reduced anti-microbial peptide production and increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis associated with high incidence of cancer.

Osteopontin Regulates Endometrial Stromal Cell Migration in Endometriosis through the PI3K Pathway : Osteopontin Regulates Endometrial Cell Migration in Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is generally characterized as a tumor-like disease because of its potential for distant metastasis and local tissue invasion, while whether osteopontin (OPN) plays a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has not been thoroughly investigated. We investigated the expression of OPN, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and phospho-PI3 kinase (p-PI3K) in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). The serum concentration of OPN was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Significant histological changes and satisfying antiviral efficacy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection patients with normal alanine aminotransferase. Antiviral therapy decision in chronic HBV patients with normal ALT.

Background And Aims: A proportion of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) should start antiviral therapy based on liver biopsy. We aim to evaluate the proportion of such patients, find noninvasive methods for identifying and then evaluate antiviral efficacy.

Methods: 253 chronic HBV infection patients with normal ALT were analyzed at baseline and 57 patients with histological indication for antiviral therapy (Histology activity index ≥5 and/or Ishak fibrosis score ≥3) and 140 patients with elevated ALT received entecavir therapy and were followed-up to 78 weeks with a second liver biopsy in this multi-center study.

Unsatisfying antiviral therapeutic effect in patients with mother-to-child transmissed chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective multi-center clinical study.

Background: Few data are available regarding the progression of liver disease and therapeutic efficacy in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers infected by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). This study aimed to investigate these two aspects by comparing the adult chronic HBV carriers in MTCT group with those in horizontal transmission group.

Methods: The 683 adult chronic HBV patients qualified for liver biopsy including 191 with MTCT and 492 with horizontal transmission entered the multi-center prospective study from October 2013 to May 2016.

Implementation of speech pathology telepractice services for clinical swallowing assessment: An evaluation of service outcomes, costs and consumer satisfaction.

Introduction: Timely assessment of swallowing disorders (dysphagia) by speech pathologists helps minimise patient risk, optimise quality of life, and limit healthcare costs. This study involved a multi-site implementation of a validated model for conducting adult clinical swallowing assessments via telepractice and examined its service outcomes, costs and consumer satisfaction.

Methods: Five hub-spoke telepractice services, encompassing 18 facilities were established across a public health service.

Understanding the impetus for major systems change: A multiple case study of decisions and non-decisions to reconfigure emergency and urgent care services.

Objective: The optimal organisation of emergency and urgent care services (EUCS) is a perennial problem internationally. Similar to other countries, the Health Service Executive in Ireland pursued EUCS reconfiguration in response to quality and safety concerns, unsustainable costs and workforce issues. However, the implementation of reconfiguration has been inconsistent at a regional level.

IL-25 promotes cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells by activating NF-κB signaling pathway to increase of major vault protein.

As an inflammatory factor, IL-25 has been studied in variouscancers, but it is rarely reported in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Major vault protein (MVP), as a gene associated with lung multidrug resistance, is associated with multiple chemotherapy resistances of lung cancer. However, the relationship between IL-25 and MVP in lung cancer cells has not been studied.

Evaluation of a multisite telehealth group model for persistent pain management for rural/remote participants.

Introduction: Individuals living in rural/remote areas have recognised barriers to specialist services for persistent pain management. Although there is current evidence to support the use of telehealth to deliver individual pain management support, there is minimal evidence to support the use of pain management programs delivered within a group model, using telehealth. The aim of the present research was to perform a formative evaluation of a persistent pain management program implemented using a multisite telehealth group model, and to examine consumer perceptions.

Recent advances of on-demand dissolution of hydrogel dressings.

Wound management is a major global challenge and a big financial burden to the healthcare system due to the rapid growth of chronic diseases including the diabetes, obesity, and aging population. Modern solutions to wound management include hydrogels that dissolve on demand, and the development of such hydrogels is of keen research interest. The formation and subsequent on-demand dissolution of hydrogels is of keen interest to scientists and clinicians.

PI3K-AKT Pathway Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis by MitoKATP-Mediated Mitochondrial Translocation of pAKT.

Background/aims: The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase -AKT (PI3K-AKT) is an important intracellular signal pathway in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In previous studies, we've demonstrated that PI3K-AKT pathway protects cardiomyocytes from ischemic and hypoxic apoptosis through mitochondrial function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via PI3K-AKT pathway remain ill-defined.

Case fatality ratios for serious emergency conditions in the Republic of Ireland: a longitudinal investigation of trends over the period 2002-2014 using joinpoint analysis.

Background: In the past decade, the Republic of Ireland has undertaken significant reconfiguration programmes to improve emergency services. During this time the public healthcare system experienced a large real decrease in resources. This study assesses national and regional population outcomes over the period 2002-2014, and whether changes coincide with system reconfiguration and the financial restrictions imposed by the 2008 recession.

Testing of diagnosis criteria of tension-type headache: A multicenter clinical study.

Objective Tension-type headache is *These authors contributed equally to this work. usually manifested as head pain without associated symptoms, and the validation of diagnostic criteria presented are lacking and highly required in the International Classification of Headache Disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore the diagnosis criteria of tension-type headache in a multicenter-based sample from Chongqing, China.

H1/pHGFK1 nanoparticles exert anti-tumoural and radiosensitising effects by inhibition of MET in glioblastoma.

Background: The therapeutic resistance to ionising radiation (IR) and anti-angiogenesis mainly impair the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The primary and secondary MET aberrant activation is one crucial factor for these resistances. The kringle 1 domain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGFK1), an angiogenic inhibitor, contains a high-affinity binding domain of MET; however, its effects on glioblastoma remain elusive.