Nystagmus patterns classification framework based on deep learning and optical flow.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular peripheral vertigo disease characterized by brief recurrent vertigo with positional nystagmus. Clinically, it is common to recognize the patterns of nystagmus by analyzing infrared nystagmus videos of patients. However, the existing approaches cannot effectively recognize different patterns of nystagmus, especially the torsional nystagmus.

Autologous cord blood mononuclear cell infusion for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm monozygotic twins: A study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded multicenter trial.

Background: Preterm-associated complications remain the main cause of neonatal death. Survivors face the challenges of short- and long-term complications. Among all complications, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the first important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Anesthetic management of patients undergoing mediastinal mass operation.

Objectives: To summarize the anesthetic management of patients undergoing mediastinal mass operation.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify all case reports of patients undergoing mediastinal mass operation. Information such as clinical characteristics, perioperative management and patients' outcomes were abstracted and analyzed.

Application of O-RADS Ultrasound Lexicon-Based Logistic Regression Analysis Model in the Diagnosis of Solid Component-Containing Ovarian Malignancies.

Objective: To use the logistic regression model to evaluate the value of ultrasound characteristics in the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System ultrasound lexicon in determining ovarian solid component-containing mass benignancy/malignancy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 172 patients with adnexal masses discovered by ultrasound, and diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathological tests from January 2019 to December 2021. Thirteen ovarian tumor-related parameters in the benign and malignant ovarian tumor groups were selected for univariate analyses.

A deep learning approach to the diagnosis of atelectasis and attic retraction pocket in otitis media with effusion using otoscopic images.

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model to identify atelectasis and attic retraction pocket in cases of otitis media with effusion (OME) using multi-center otoscopic images.

Method: A total of 6393 OME otoscopic images from three centers were used to develop and validate a DL model for detecting atelectasis and attic retraction pocket. A threefold random cross-validation procedure was adopted to divide the dataset into training validation sets on a patient level.

Comparison between HIV self-testing and facility-based HIV testing approach on HIV early detection among men who have sex with men: A cross-sectional study.

Background: To assess whether HIV self-testing (HIVST) has a better performance in identifying HIV-infected cases than the facility-based HIV testing (HIVFBT) approach.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among men who have sex with men (MSM) by using an online questionnaire (including information on sociodemographic, sexual biography, and HIV testing history) and blood samples (for limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay, gene subtype testing, and taking confirmed HIV test). MSM who were firstly identified as HIV positive through HIVST and HIVFBT were compared.

Client-Perpetrated Violence Experience Among Female Sex Worker in Guangdong, South China: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Client-perpetrated violence (CPV) can lead to worse health consequences. However, little attention is paid to the CPV experience among Chinese female sex workers. Our study aimed to assess the association between CPV experience and health risk behaviors among FSWs in China.

A Nested Case-Control Study of the Relationship between Salivary Inflammatory Mediators, Periodontal Parameters, and Preterm Birth in a Chinese Population.

Background: To explore whether salivary inflammatory mediators and periodontal indices at different gestational stages can be taken as indicators of preterm birth (PTB).

Methods: This nested case-control study enrolled systemically healthy pregnant women at 9 to 36 weeks of gestation. Periodontal indices were measured at the enrollment date, and interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the saliva were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Pitavastatin protects against neomycin-induced ototoxicity through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Irreversible injury to inner ear hair cells induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics contributes to the formation of sensorineural hearing loss. Pitavastatin (PTV), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects. However, its role in aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss remains unknown.

Pathogenic Mechanisms of Secondary Organic Aerosols.

Air pollution represents a major health problem and an economic burden. In recent years, advances in air pollution research has allowed particle fractionation and identification of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). SOA is formed from either biogenic or anthropogenic emissions, through a mass transfer from the gaseous mass to the particulate phase in the atmosphere.

LncRNA CRNDE is involved in radiation resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via modulating the SP1/PDK1 axis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is defined as a universal malignancy while radiation therapy is the effective treatment for it. This study validated the mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed gene (CRNDE) in radiation resistance in HCC. LncRNA CRNDE upregulation was detected in HCC cells.

[Application of single-sperm sequencing technology in preimplantation genetic testing for men with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease].

Objective: To investigate the value of single-sperm sequencing technology in preimplantation genetic testing.

Methods: Haplotypes were constructed by single-sperm isolation combined with single-sperm sequencing for a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) caused by de novo mutation of the PKD1 gene c.3815T>G.

[Comparison of biological characteristics of placenta mesenchymal stem cells derived from fetus].

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have broad application potentials in regenerative medicine and translational medicine. Obtaining large quantities of primary-cultured MSCs and select the most suitable cell origin for targeted diseases are critical to research. To select the most suitable seed cells of MSCs from different origins for clinical treatment and research, biological characteristics of MSCs from human umbilical cord and placenta were compared.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induces the release of IL-17A to regulate cell inflammation, apoptosis and barrier damage.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury promotes the release of IL-17A, and previous studies have indicated that TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is an important signaling molecule in the regulatory function of IL-17A. The present study aimed to explore the potential effects of IL-17A release in intestinal I/R injury, and to investigate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Initially, the expression levels of TAK1 and JNK in a hypoxia/reoxygenation model were determined, and the effects of TAK1-knockdown on JNK phosphorylation and the viability, inflammation, apoptosis and barrier function of Caco-2 cells were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, TUNEL and transepithelial electrical resistance assays, respectively.

MiR-139-5p has an antidepressant-like effect by targeting phosphodiesterase 4D to activate the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.

Background: Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibitor is commonly used to treat depression, but side effects seriously decrease its efficacy. PDE4D was a downstream target mRNA of miR-139-5p. Therefore, we examined the effects of hippocampal miR-139-5p gain- and loss-of-function on depression-like behaviors, the expression level of PDE4D, and hippocampus neurogenesis.

A Global Crowdsourcing Open Call to Improve Research Mentorship in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

Research mentoring programs are limited in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The TDR Global initiated a global crowdsourcing open call soliciting proposals on how to improve research mentorship in LMICs. The purpose of this study is to examine ideas submitted to this open call to identify the ways to improve research mentorship in LMICs.

Anti-interleukin 5 therapies failure criteria in severe asthma: a Delphi-consensus study.

Background: Current practices for assessing response to anti-interleukin 5/R treatment in severe asthma patients are heterogeneous. The objective of this study was to achieve an expert consensus defining failure criteria for anti-interleukin 5/R treatment in severe asthma patients.

Methods: Experts were invited to a 5-round Delphi exercise if they were pulmonologists managing ⩾30 patients at a nationally recognized severe asthma expert centre.

Effectiveness of sexual health influencers identified by an ensemble machine learning model in promoting secondary distribution of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in China: study protocol for a quasi-experimental trial.

Background: HIV self-testing (HIVST), especially the secondary distribution of HIVST (SD-HIVST) initiated by sexual health influencers (SHIs), has been recognized as an effective strategy in promoting HIV testing, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate whether SHIs identified through the ensemble machine learning approach can distribute more HIVST than those who identified by the empiricalscale.

Methods: We will recruit eligible adults (≥18 years old) who were assigned male gender at birth, and willing to participate in potential SD-HIVST online.

A Regulatory Network Contributing to Breast Cancer.

Background: Translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17A () is overexpressed in breast cancer (BRCA), and upregulation can increase the aggressiveness of BRCA cells. This study examined the influence of the gene network on BRCA outcome.

Methods: Expression levels of were compared between normal and tumor tissues from the Oncomine database, and the association with patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter.

AKR1B10 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Aberrant expression of Aldo-Keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) was associated with tumor size and metastasis of breast cancer in our published preliminary studies. However, little is known about the detailed function and underlying molecular mechanism of AKR1B10 in the pathological process of breast cancer.

Methods: The relationship between elevated AKR1B10 expression and the overall survival and disease-free survival of breast cancer patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter database.