Severity of metabolic derangement predicts survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the likelihood of benefiting from extracorporeal life support.

Objective: To develop a Metabolic Derangement Score (MDS) based on parameters available after initial testing and assess the score's ability to predict survival after out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the likely usefulness of extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Methods: A total of 5100 cases in the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium registry were included. Patients' mean age was 67 years, and 69% were men.

Indirect Effects of Self-Differentiation and Mentalization on Family of Origin Health and Marital Satisfaction Among Korean Adults.

This study explored the structural relationships among family of origin health, self-differentiation, mentalization, and marital satisfaction, focusing on indirect effects and gender differences. Data from 400 married Korean adults aged 30-49 were analyzed using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results revealed that all paths were significant except the direct impact of family-of-origin health on marital satisfaction.

Advances in modeling cellular state dynamics: integrating omics data and predictive techniques.

Dynamic modeling of cellular states has emerged as a pivotal approach for understanding complex biological processes such as cell differentiation, disease progression, and tissue development. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current approaches for modeling cellular state dynamics, focusing on techniques ranging from dynamic or static biomolecular network models to deep learning models. We highlight how these approaches integrated with various omics data such as transcriptomics, and single-cell RNA sequencing could be used to capture and predict cellular behavior and transitions.

Controlling tumor progression and recurrence in mice through combined treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor and a designer strain that delivers GM-CSF.

Combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors blocks inhibitory immune cell signaling and improves clinical responses to anticancer treatments. However, continued development of innovative and controllable delivery systems for immune-stimulating agents is necessary to optimize clinical responses. Herein, we engineered to deliver recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a controllable manner for combination treatment with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor.

Dual alarmin-receptor-specific targeting peptide systems for treatment of sepsis.

The pathophysiology of sepsis is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response to infection; however, the cytokine blockade that targets a specific early inflammatory mediator, such as tumor necrosis factor, has shown disappointing results in clinical trials. During sepsis, excessive endotoxins are internalized into the cytoplasm of immune cells, resulting in dysregulated pyroptotic cell death, which induces the leakage of late mediator alarmins such as HMGB1 and PTX3. As late mediators of lethal sepsis, overwhelming amounts of alarmins bind to high-affinity TLR4/MD2 and low-affinity RAGE receptors, thereby amplifying inflammation during early-stage sepsis.

Therapeutic efficacy of jeoryeong-tang in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Jeoryeong-tang (JRT) was first recorded in . It is composed of Polyporus Sclerotium, Poria, Asini Corii Colla, Alisma Rhizome, and Talcum at the same weight ratio. These medicinal materials are known for diuretic and hemostatic effects and have been traditionally used to treat kidney and bladder diseases.

Design, synthesis, , and studies of novel isatin-hybrid hydrazones as potential triple-negative breast cancer agents.

Recent advances in cancer therapy have been made possible by monoclonal antibodies, domain antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, The most impact has come from controlling cell cycle checkpoints through checkpoint inhibitors. This manuscript explores the potential of a series of novel -benzyl isatin based hydrazones (5-25), which were synthesized and evaluated as anti-breast cancer agents. The synthesized hydrazones of -benzyl isatin were screened against two cell lines, the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and the MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line.

Effect of pre-treatment conditions on the electrochemical performance of hard carbon derived from bio-waste.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) offer several advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries, including a more uniform sodium distribution, lower-cost materials, and safer transportation options. A promising development in SIBs is the use of hard carbons as anode materials due to their low insertion voltage and larger interlayer spacing, which improve sodium-ion insertion. Traditionally, hard carbons are made from costly carbon sources, but recent advancements have focussed on using abundant bio-waste, like coffee grounds.

Is avoidable diabetes-related hospitalization in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with increased health expenditure?: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea.

Objective: With South Korea's population aging rapidly, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is expected to rise, leading to worsened health outcomes and potentially straining healthcare financing. This study aimed to investigate how avoidable diabetes-related hospitalizations affect short- and long-term health expenditures.

Methods: Data from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort from 2008 to 2019 in South Korea.

Adjoint method-based Fourier neural operator surrogate solver for wavefront shaping in tunable metasurfaces.

We present a Fourier neural operator (FNO)-based surrogate solver for the efficient optimization of wavefronts in tunable metasurface controls. Existing methods, including the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm and the adjoint optimization, are often computationally demanding due to their iterative processes, which require numerical simulations at each step. Our surrogate solver overcomes this limitation by providing highly accurate gradient estimations with respect to changes in tunable meta-atoms without the need for direct simulations.

The Long-term influences of Age-At-Injury on Neuroinflammation and neuronal Apoptosis following Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatric and Adulthood Mice.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the long-term impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in pediatric and adult mice, specifically focusing on how age-at-injury influences these processes.

Methods: Controlled cortical impact (CCI) was used to induce TBI in pediatric (21-25 days old) and adult (8-12 weeks old) C57Bl/6 male mice. Neuroinflammation was evaluated through immunoreactivity for Iba-1 and GFAP, while apoptosis was assessed using markers such as Bax, Bcl- 2, and pro-caspase-3.

Real-World Utilization Patterns of Oral Corticosteroids During Pregnancy: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea.

Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are frequently used during pregnancy, but patterns of their usage and indications are understudied. We described OCS utilization among pregnant women in South Korea using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, 2010-2021. Among 4,574,294 pregnancies, 6.

Impact of Government Healthcare Policy Changes on Consumption and Human Movements During COVID-19: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis in Korea.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered daily behavioral patterns based on government healthcare policies, including consumption and movement patterns. We aimed to examine the extent to which changes in the government's healthcare policy have affected people's lives, primarily focusing on changes in consumption and population movements.

Methods: We collected consumption data using weekly credit card transaction data from the Hana Card Corporation and population mobility data using mobile phone data from SK Telecom in Seoul, South Korea.

Revisiting Age-Related Normative Hearing Levels in Korea.

Background: Hearing level reference values based on the results of recent audiometry have not been established for the general population of South Korea. This study aimed to evaluate the mean hearing levels of each age group and to measure the annual progression of hearing loss.

Methods: We used the database of the eighth and ninth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2020 to 2022, and included participants with normal tympanic membranes and without occupational noise exposure.

Effects of Genetic Risk and Lifestyle Habits on Gout: A Korean Cohort Study.

Background: Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposits, and the prevalence of this condition has been increasing. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of genetic risk factors and lifestyle habits on gout, using data from a Korean cohort study. Identifying high-risk individuals in advance can help prevent gout and its associated disorders.

Underuse of Rapid Sequence Intubation Outside the Emergency Department: Insights from Emergency Physicians‒a Preliminary, Retrospective Observational Study.

Objective: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) involves the administration of induction agents and neuromuscular blockers before endotracheal intubation (ETI). However, RSI seems to be underutilized outside emergency departments (ED). We compared RSI adoption rates and ETI outcomes outside and within EDs and investigated whether RSI adoption affected ETI outcomes outside EDs.

Redox-Mediated Pyrene Electrolytes for Enhancing the Reversibility of Vertically Arranged Tin Electrodes in Seawater Batteries.

Seawater batteries (SWBs) have emerged as a next-generation battery technology that does not rely on lithium, a limited resource essential for lithium-ion batteries. Instead, SWBs utilize abundant sodium from seawater, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional battery technologies. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high energy densities in SWB anodes using vertically aligned electrodes.

Flat-Band Electronic Bipolarity in a Janus and Kagome van der Waals Semiconductor NbTeI.

Janus materials, a novel class of materials with two faces of different chemical compositions and electronic polarities, offer significant potential for various applications with catalytic reactions, chemical sensing, and optical or electronic responses. A key aspect for such functionalities is face-dependent electronic bipolarity, which is usually limited by the chemical distinction of terminated surfaces and has not been exploited in the semiconducting regime. Here, it is showed that a Janus and Kagome van der Waals (vdW) material NbTeI has ferroelectric-like coherent stacking of the Janus layers and hosts strong electronic bipolar states in the semiconducting regime.

Bibliometric Analysis of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Research in South Korea.

Background: Current research on nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is multidisciplinary; thus, proper organization is necessary to obtain comprehensive insights. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was performed to identify NTM research characteristics in South Korea.

Methods: The Web of Science was searched for NTM articles authored by Koreans at Korean institutions until March 2023.

Nipple-areolar complex sensory recovery based on incision placement after nipple-sparing mastectomy: a prospective nonrandomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) aims to improve patient satisfaction by preserving the nipple-areola complex (NAC) while ensuring oncologic safety. Different surgical incisions, such as inframammary fold (IMF) and periareolar/radial incisions, are used in NSM; however, their impact on NAC sensory loss remains unclear. In this study, the authors aimed to assess NAC sensation after NSM and compare the results of different incisional approaches, specifically IMF versus periareolar/radial.

AI-assisted detection for chest X-rays (AID-CXR): a multi-reader multi-case study protocol.

Introduction: A chest X-ray (CXR) is the most common imaging investigation performed worldwide. Advances in machine learning and computer vision technologies have led to the development of several artificial intelligence (AI) tools to detect abnormalities on CXRs, which may expand diagnostic support to a wider field of health professionals. There is a paucity of evidence on the impact of AI algorithms in assisting healthcare professionals (other than radiologists) who regularly review CXR images in their daily practice.

Equity of intensive care unit bed resource allocation in ethnic minority areas of China-an empirical analysis based on geographical and population dimensions.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyse the changes in the equity of intensive care unit (ICU) bed allocation in 14 cities in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2021, to identify the problems in the process of ICU bed allocation in China's ethnic minority regions.

Design: The Gini coefficient, Theil index, health resource density index, and spatial correlation analysis were used to analyse the current status of ICU bed resource allocation and allocation equity in Guangxi, China, on two dimensions: geography, and population.

Setting: The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Perturbs the Brain-Wide Excitation-Inhibition Balance: Associations with Microcircuit Organization, Clinical Parameters, and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is theorized as a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, with ample research focusing on elucidating its cellular manifestations. However, few studies investigate E/I imbalance at the macroscale, whole-brain level, and its microcircuit-level mechanisms and clinical significance remain incompletely understood. Here, the Hurst exponent, an index of the E/I ratio, is computed from resting-state fMRI time series, and microcircuit parameters are simulated using biophysical models.

Tuning Hydrogen Binding on Ru Sites by Ni Alloying on MoO Enables Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Ruthenium (Ru)-based electrocatalysts have shown promise for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) due to their ability to facilitate water dissociation in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, their performance is limited by strong hydrogen binding, which hinders hydrogen desorption and water re-adsorption. This study reports the development of RuNi nanoalloys supported on MoO, which optimize the hydrogen binding strength at Ru sites through modulation by adjacent Ni atoms.