Harnessing the power of microbial fuel cells as pioneering green technology: advancing sustainable energy and wastewater treatment through innovative nanotechnology.

The purpose of this review is to gain attention about intro the advanced and green technology that has dual action for both clean wastewater and produce energy. Water scarcity and the continuous energy crisis have arisen as major worldwide concerns, requiring the creation of ecologically friendly and sustainable energy alternatives. The rapid exhaustion of fossil resources needs the development of alternative energy sources that reduce carbon emissions while maintaining ecological balance.

Cerebellar hemorrhage in neonates: pattern analysis by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Cerebellar hemorrhage in neonates is increasingly being identified but is still underdiagnosed. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal imaging modality for cerebellar hemorrhage evaluation, ultrasonography (US) is commonly used for screening. Characterizing the patterns and distribution of cerebellar hemorrhage lesions can help facilitate its detection by aiding to focus on prevailing type of cerebellar hemorrhage.

Utilisation patterns of immunomodulators and pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: Insights from Korean national data.

Objectives: To investigate the trends in immunomodulator use and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a condition requiring medication to maintain disease activity.

Methods: This descriptive study used data from the National Health Information Database in Korea from 2002 to 2018. We included 5,044 pregnancies initiated between 2005 and 2017 in 3,120 SLE patients.

Trends in the Prevalence of Korean Adolescent Smokers According to Smoking Cessation Policy and COVID-19.

This study evaluates the influence of smoking cessation policies and COVID-19 on the prevalence of smoking among Korean adolescents from 2011 to 2020. Based on the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, trends in adolescent smoking behaviors were examined, including the impact of cigarette price increases, Pictorial Warning Labels (PWLs), and the onset of COVID-19. We used joinpoint regression analysis to discern annual changes in the prevalence of adolescent smokers.

Two-Dimensional BiOCl Nanosheet-Encapsulated Cu2O Octahedra: p-n Junction Photocatalysts for Efficient Visible Light Driven CO2-to-CH4 Conversion.

Cu2O has attracted significant attention as a potential photocatalyst for CO2 reduction. However, its practical use is limited by rapid charge recombination, insufficient catalytic sites, and poor stability. In this study, we report a facile synthesis of Cu2O@BiOCl core-shell hybrids with well-defined shape of Cu2O and two-dimensional nanosheet structure of BiOCl.

Improved Glycemic Control in Insulin-Treated Individuals With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Through Combined Structured Education With Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Background: We evaluated the efficacy of structured individualized education combined with real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM, Dexcom G6) in improving glycemic outcomes in insulin-treated adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This multicenter, 16-week, single-arm study included 66 adults with T2D (multiple daily insulin [MDI]: 33; basal insulin: 33) with a ≥7.8%.

CO2-driven Oxygen Vacancy Diffusion and Healing on TiO2(110) at Ambient Pressure.

Understanding how TiO2 interacts with CO2 at the molecular level is crucial in the CO2 reduction toward value-added energy sources. Here, we report in-situ observations of the CO2 activation process on the reduced TiO2(110) surface at room temperature using ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. We found that oxygen vacancies (Vo) diffuse dynamically along the bridging oxygen (Obr) rows of the TiO2(110) surface under ambient CO2(g) environments.

Magnolia kobus DC. suppresses neointimal hyperplasia by regulating ferroptosis and VSMC phenotypic switching in a carotid artery ligation mouse model.

Background: Magnolia kobus DC (MO), as a plant medicine, has been reported to have various physiological activities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. However, vascular protective effects of MO remain incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the vascular protective effect of MO against ferroptosis in a carotid artery ligation (CAL)-induced neointimal hyperplasia mouse model and in aortic thoracic smooth muscle A7r5 cells.

Development of a Korean clinical decision-making ability scale for hospital nurses.

Background: A hospital nurse's clinical decision-making ability is an important core competency that identifies and solves patient problems in nursing practice. This study aimed to develop a Korean clinical decision-making scale for hospital nurses, and verify its validity and reliability.

Methods: A methodological design that develops a scale was used.

Effectiveness and safety of human placenta hydrolysate injection into subacromial space in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a single-blind, randomized trial.

Background: Human placental hydrolysate (hPH) contains anti-inflammatory substances. This study aimed to analyze whether injecting hPH into the subacromial space could reduce pain in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.

Methods: This single-blind, randomized controlled study enrolled 50 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome who were randomly assigned to either the hPH or placebo groups.

Metabolic engineering of Priestia megaterium for 2'-fucosyllactose production.

Background: 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a predominant human milk oligosaccharide that significantly enhances infant nutrition and immune health. This study addresses the need for a safe and economical production of 2'-FL by employing Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) microbial strain, Priestia megaterium ATCC 14581. This strain was chosen for its robust growth and established safety profile and attributing suitable for industrial-scale production.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and hyperuricemia/gout in the general population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Hyperuricemia and gout may be associated with OSA, but large-scale studies on this are limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between hyperuricemia/gout and OSA using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES).

Crisdesalazine alleviates inflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis mouse model by regulating the immune system.

Microglia/macrophages participate in the development of and recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and the macrophage M1 (pro-inflammatory)/M2 (anti-inflammatory) phase transition is involved in EAE disease progression. We evaluated the efficacy of crisdesalazine (a novel microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 inhibitor) in an EAE model, including its immune-regulating potency in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and its neuroprotective effects in a macrophage-neuronal co-culture system. Crisdesalazine significantly alleviated clinical symptoms, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord, and altered the phase of microglial/macrophage and regulatory T cells.

Novel transfer learning based bone fracture detection using radiographic images.

A bone fracture is a medical condition characterized by a partial or complete break in the continuity of the bone. Fractures are primarily caused by injuries and accidents, affecting millions of people worldwide. The healing process for a fracture can take anywhere from one month to one year, leading to significant economic and psychological challenges for patients.

A Wonderful Journey: The Diverse Roles of Adenosine Deaminase Action on RNA 1 (ADAR1) in Central Nervous System Diseases.

Background: Adenosine deaminase action on RNA 1 (ADAR1) can convert the adenosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into inosine in a process known as A-to-I RNA editing. ADAR1 regulates gene expression output by interacting with RNA and other proteins; plays important roles in development, including growth; and is linked to innate immunity, tumors, and central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Results: In recent years, the role of ADAR1 in tumors has been widely discussed, but its role in CNS diseases has not been reviewed.

Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery Following Insurance Coverage Adoption: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Although bariatric surgery is the most effective obesity treatment, few nationwide cohort studies have evaluated its safety. This study aimed to evaluate surgical trends after insurance coverage implementation and analyze the surgical outcomes of bariatric surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity was conducted using data from Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS) claims.

Production, Delivery, and Regulatory Aspects for Application of Plant-Based Anti-microbial Peptides: a Comprehensive Review.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, positively charged biomolecules produced by various organisms such as animals, microbes, and plants. These AMPs play a significant role in defense mechanisms and protect from adverse conditions. The emerging problem of drug resistance in microbes poses a global health challenge in treating diseases.

Impact of perforation following self-expandable metal stent as a bridge to surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction: a multicenter study of the Research Group for Stent in the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Background And Aims: Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are effective in alleviating malignant colorectal obstruction. However, bowel perforation following SEMS placement remains a significant concern, as it can adversely affect oncological outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the recurrence and overall survival rates associated with SEMS-related bowel perforations.

Elevated IL-17A-Secreting Regulatory T Cells in Sinonasal Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

During nasal polyp (NP) development, activated T cells differentiate into T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Additionally, regulatory T cells (Tregs) that have an immune suppressive function are involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP (CRSwNP). Tregs can act as effector cells that produce inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-17A.

A modeling study to define guidelines for antigen screening in schools and workplaces to mitigate COVID-19 outbreaks.

Background: In-person interaction offers invaluable benefits to people. To guarantee safe in-person activities during a COVID-19 outbreak, effective identification of infectious individuals is essential. In this study, we aim to analyze the impact of screening with antigen tests in schools and workplaces on identifying COVID-19 infections.

Long-term clinical outcome of a weekly 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine regimen in treatment-naïve patients with hairy cell leukemia.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has a favorable clinical outcome with appropriate treatment; however, further research is needed on managing patients with relapsed or refractory disease and the risk of infection during prolonged periods. This study examined the long-term effects of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), particularly using a weekly infusion protocol, in treatment-naïve patients with HCL. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term follow-up data from 21 South Korean patients diagnosed with HCL.

A comprehensive review of multi-level inverters, modulation, and control for grid-interfaced solar PV systems.

With the significant development in photovoltaic (PV) systems, focus has been placed on inexpensive, efficient, and innovative power converter solutions, leading to a high diversity within power converters and new system configurations for grid-connected PV (GCPV) systems. During the last decade, multilevel inverter (MLI) designs have gained popularity in GCPV applications. This article provides a wide-ranging investigation of the common MLI topology in contrast to other existing MLI topologies for PV applications.

Refining breast cancer genetic risk and biology through multi-ancestry fine-mapping analyses of 192 risk regions.

Genome-wide association studies have identified approximately 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known breast cancer risk loci using genome-wide association study data from 172,737 female breast cancer cases and 242,009 controls of African, Asian and European ancestry. We identified 332 independent association signals for breast cancer risk, including 131 signals not reported previously, and for 50 of them, we narrowed the credible causal variants down to a single variant.