Characterization of Fatigue Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Based on a Multiscale Approach.

This study presents a methodology for characterizing the constituent properties of composite materials by back-calculating from the laminate behavior under fatigue loading. Composite materials consist of fiber reinforcements and a polymer matrix, with the fatigue performance of the laminate governed by the interaction between these constituents. Due to the challenges in directly measuring the properties of individual fibers and the polymer matrix, a reverse-engineering approach was employed.

Enhancing Thermal Insulation Property and Flexibility of Starch/Poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) Blend Foam by Improving Rheological Properties.

Starch foam has attracted significant attention as an alternative to expanded styrene (EPS) foam owing to its abundance and biodegradability. Despite these merits, its limited thermal insulation and flexibility compared to EPS have hindered its utilization in packaging. Herein, we report the effect of blending with starch/PBAT on foaming behavior and physical properties during foaming processing.

Critical Role of Rubber Functionalities on the Mechanical and Electrical Responses of Carbon Nanotube-Based Electroactive Rubber Composites.

Carbon nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are widely used as reinforcing fillers in rubber composites for advanced mechanical and electrical applications. However, the influence of rubber functionality and its interactions with CNTs remains underexplored. This study investigates electroactive elastomeric composites fabricated with CNTs in two common diene rubbers: natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), each with distinct functionalities.

Gedunin Mitigates -Induced Skin Inflammation by Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway.

: , a bacterium residing in hair follicles, triggers acne by inducing monocyte-mediated inflammatory cytokine production. Gedunin, a limonoid derived from (commonly known as neem), is renowned for its antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, its role in mitigating -induced skin inflammation remains unexplored.

Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Chitosan-Grafted Leciplexes for Promoting the Bioavailability and Antidepressant Efficacy of Mirtazapine: In Vitro Assessment and Animal Studies.

: Mirtazapine (MRZ) is a psychotropic drug prescribed to manage serious sorts of depression. By virtue of its extensive initial-pass metabolic process with poor water solubility, the ultimate bioavailability when taken orally is a mere 50%, necessitating repeated administration. The current inquiry intended to fabricate nose-to-brain chitosan-grafted cationic leciplexes of MRZ (CS-MRZ-LPX) to improve its pharmacokinetic weaknesses and boost the pharmacodynamics aspects.

Exploring the Anti-Osteoporotic Effects of -Hexane Fraction from Nakai: Activation of Runx2 and Osteoblast Differentiation In Vivo.

Background: Osteoporosis is characterized by the microstructural depletion of bone tissue and decreased bone density, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Nakai, an endemic species of the Korean Peninsula, grows wild in Ulleungdo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of and its components on osteoporosis.

Yeokwisan: Standardised Herbal Formula Enhancing Gastric Mucosal Protection Against Gastric Ulcers in Mice, a Preclinical Study.

: Yeokwisan (YWS) is a standardised herbal formula for relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms. : We explored the therapeutic value of YWS and its potential effects on gastritis. Its inhibitory effect on gastric mucosal damage and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of alcohol- and restraint stress-induced gastritis were also examined.

Therapeutic Potential of Combined 5% Lifitegrast and Tocopherol Eye Drops in Managing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Murine Dry Eye.

: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of combined 5% lifitegrast (LF) and tocopherol (TCP) eye drops in a murine experimental dry eye (EDE) model. Female C57BL/6 were divided into seven groups: untreated controls, EDE control, EDE + 0.05% cyclosporin A (CsA), EDE + tocopherol (TCP), EDE + 5% LF, EDE + 5% LF + TCP (once daily), and EDE + 5% LF + TCP (twice daily).

Fabrication and In Vivo Evaluation of In Situ pH-Sensitive Hydrogel of Sonidegib-Invasomes via Intratumoral Delivery for Basal Cell Skin Cancer Management.

Background/objectives: Basal cell skin cancer (BCSC) develops when skin cells proliferate uncontrollably. Sonidegib (SDB) is a therapeutic option for the treatment of BCSC by inhibiting hedgehog signaling. The problems with SDB's low solubility, poor bioavailability, resistance, poor targeting, and first-pass action make it less effective when taken orally.

Exploring Zinc C295 as a Dual HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor: From Strand Transfer to 3'-Processing Suppression.

: The global AIDS pandemic highlights the urgent need for novel antiretroviral therapies (ART). In our previous work, Zinc C295 was identified as a potent HIV-1 integrase strand transfer (ST) inhibitor. This study explores its potential to also inhibit 3'-processing (3'P), thereby establishing its dual-targeting capability.

Benn. Attenuates Monosodium Urate-Induced Gouty Arthritis: A Network Pharmacology Investigation of Its Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.

Monosodium urate crystal accumulation in the joints is the cause of gout, an inflammatory arthritis that is initiated by elevated serum uric acid levels. It is the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, affecting millions worldwide, and requires effective treatments. The necessity for alternatives with fewer side effects is underscored by the frequent adverse effects of conventional therapies, such as urate-lowering drugs.

Evaluation of Prediction Models for the Capping and Breaking Force of Tablets Using Machine Learning Tools in Wet Granulation Commercial-Scale Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.

: This study aimed to establish a predictive model for critical quality attributes (CQAs) related to tablet integrity, including tablet breaking force (TBF), friability, and capping occurrence, using machine learning-based models and nondestructive experimental data. : The machine learning-based models were trained on data to predict the CQAs of metformin HCl (MF)-containing tablets using a commercial-scale wet granulation process, and five models were each compared for regression and classification. We identified eight input variables associated with the process and material parameters that control the tableting outcome using feature importance analysis.

Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q.

Objectives: The present study describes the comparative effect of 24-week supplementation of beeswax alcohol (BWA, Raydel, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) and coenzyme Q (CoQ, 0.

Multivalent Neuroprotective Activity of (Cardamom) and (Fennel) in HO-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells and Acellular Assays.

Background: (Cardamom) and (Fennel) are well-known spices and are also used as natural mouth fresheners. This study was performed to evaluate their neuroprotective ability based on certain acellular and cellular assays.

Methods: Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared using cardamom and fennel seeds.

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus and Avian Metapneumovirus: A Comprehensive Review.

Respiratory avian viral diseases significantly impact the world poultry sector, leading to notable economic losses. The highly contagious DNA virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and the RNA virus, avian metapneumovirus, are well known for their prevalent effects on avian respiratory systems. The infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), stemming from the family, manifests as an upper respiratory disease within birds.

Comparative Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Between and Other Species.

species are major pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and antimicrobial resistance between (AB) and non- (NBA) species. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from adult patients (aged 18 or older) with bacteremia treated at two tertiary hospitals from July 2020 to November 2023.

A Novel Strain of Detected from Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) on Wild Rodents.

Scrub typhus is caused by intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus . Until 2010, the endemic region was thought to be restricted to the Asia-Pacific region. species have recently been discovered in South America, Africa, Europe, and North America.

Low-Complexity Timing Correction Methods for Heart Rate Estimation Using Remote Photoplethysmography.

With the rise of modern healthcare monitoring, heart rate (HR) estimation using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has gained attention for its non-contact, continuous tracking capabilities. However, most HR estimation methods rely on stable, fixed sampling intervals, while practical image capture often involves irregular frame rates and missing data, leading to inaccuracies in HR measurements. This study addresses these issues by introducing low-complexity timing correction methods, including linear, cubic, and filter interpolation, to improve HR estimation from rPPG signals under conditions of irregular sampling and data loss.

Time-Series Change Detection Using KOMPSAT-5 Data with Statistical Homogeneous Pixel Selection Algorithm.

For change detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, amplitude change detection (ACD) and coherent change detection (CCD) are widely employed. However, time-series SAR data often contain noise and variability introduced by system and environmental factors, requiring mitigation. Additionally, the stability of SAR signals is preserved when calibration accounts for temporal and environmental variations.

Time-Series Image-Based Automated Monitoring Framework for Visible Facilities: Focusing on Installation and Retention Period.

In the construction industry, ensuring the proper installation, retention, and dismantling of temporary structures, such as jack supports, is critical to maintaining safety and project timelines. However, inconsistencies between on-site data and construction documentation remain a significant challenge. To address this, this study proposes an integrated monitoring framework that combines computer vision-based object detection and document recognition techniques.

Development of a Sustainable Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on Larvae Biomass-Derived Chitosan.

This study presents the fabrication of a sustainable flexible humidity sensor utilizing chitosan derived from mealworm biomass as the primary sensing material. The chitosan-based humidity sensor was fabricated by casting chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films with interdigitated copper electrodes, forming a laminate composite suitable for real-time, resistive-type humidity detection. Comprehensive characterization of the chitosan film was performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and tensile testing, which confirmed its chemical structure, wettability, and mechanical stability.

Optimal Design and Operation of an Ultrasonic Driving System for Algae Removal Considering Underwater Environment Load.

This study investigates the optimal design and operation of an underwater ultrasonic system for algae removal, focusing on the electromechanical load of Langevin-type piezoelectric transducers. These piezoelectric transducers, which operate in underwater environments, exhibit variations in electrical-mechanical impedance due to practical environmental factors, such as waterproof molding structures or variations in pressure and flow rates depending on the water depth. To address these challenges, we modeled the underwater load conditions using the finite element method and analyzed the impedance characteristics of the piezoelectric transducer under realistic environmental conditions.

Trends of Soil and Solution Nutrient Sensing for Open Field and Hydroponic Cultivation in Facilitated Smart Agriculture.

Efficient management of soil nutrients is essential for optimizing crop production, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices, and addressing the challenges posed by population growth and environmental degradation. Smart agriculture, using advanced technologies, plays an important role in achieving these goals by enabling real-time monitoring and precision management of nutrients. In open-field soil cultivation, spatial variability in soil properties demands site-specific nutrient management and integration with variable-rate technology (VRT) to optimize fertilizer application, reduce nutrient losses, and enhance crop yields.

Pic2Plate: A Vision-Language and Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Personalized Recipe Recommendations.

Choosing nutritious foods is essential for daily health, but finding recipes that match available ingredients and dietary preferences can be challenging. Traditional recommendation methods often lack personalization and accurate ingredient recognition. Personalized systems address this by integrating user preferences, dietary needs, and ingredient availability.

IMU Sensor-Based Worker Behavior Recognition and Construction of a Cyber-Physical System Environment.

According to South Korea's Ministry of Employment and Labor, approximately 25,000 construction workers suffered from various injuries between 2015 and 2019. Additionally, about 500 fatalities occur annually, and multiple studies are being conducted to prevent these accidents and quickly identify their occurrence to secure the golden time for the injured. Recently, AI-based video analysis systems for detecting safety accidents have been introduced.