Cell-cell communications in the brain of hepatic encephalopathy: The neurovascular unit.

Many patients with liver diseases are exposed to the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The incidence of HE in liver patients is high, showing various symptoms ranging from mild symptoms to coma. Liver transplantation is one of the ways to overcome HE.

A Joint three-plane Physics-constrained Deep learning based Polynomial Fitting Approach for MR Electrical Properties Tomography.

Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography can extract the electrical properties of in-vivo tissue. To estimate tissue electrical properties, various reconstruction algorithms have been proposed. However, physics-based reconstructions are prone to various artifacts such as noise amplification and boundary artifact.

Regulation of tick attachment and rapid engorgement via dopamine receptors in the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.

Dopamine plays multifaceted roles in the physiology of insects and ticks, acting as a key neurotransmitter and modulator of various biological processes. In ticks, it plays a particularly important role in regulating salivary gland function, which is essential for successful tick feeding on hosts. Salivary secretion in ticks is orchestrated by the collection of saliva in the acinar lumen mediated by the dopamine receptor (D1) and the expulsion of collected saliva into the salivary duct mediated by the invertebrate specific D1-like dopamine receptor (InvD1L).

Label-free quantitative imaging of conjunctival goblet cells.

Purpose: To introduce and validate quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) as a label-free, high-contrast imaging technique for visualizing conjunctival goblet cells (GCs) and assessing their functional changes.

Methods: qOBM was developed in conjunction with moxifloxacin-based fluorescence microscopy (MBFM), which was used for validating GC imaging. Initial validation was conducted with polystyrene beads, followed by testing on normal mouse conjunctiva under both ex-vivo and in-vivo conditions.

Eco-friendly decolorization of synthetic dyes using radiation-induced whole cell biocatalyst with enhanced copper resistance.

Toxic and carcinogenic compounds, such as synthetic dyes and polyphenols, were widely employed and released as pollutants in a variety of industries, including textiles, food, and cosmetics. Biological oxidation process that used oxidizing enzymes to breakdown pollutant compounds were environmentally favorable. However, due to the cell toxicity of metal ions supplements used for the biosynthesis of oxidizing enzymes like laccase, their efficient application for biological degradation is limited.

The incidence of Popeye Deformity after Soft Tissue Biceps Tenodesis is Comparable to Biceps Anchor Tenodesis and Lower than Biceps Tenotomy During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

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Stereotactic body radiotherapy for non-spine bone metastases: A meta-analysis and international stereotactic radiosurgery society (ISRS) clinical practice guidelines.

Background: While SBRT to NSBM has become common, particularly in the oligometastatic population, the approach to treating non-spine bone metastases (NSBM) with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) varies widely across institutions and clinical trial protocols. We present a comprehensive systematic review of the literatures to inform practice recommendations on behalf of the International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS).

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in adults with generalised myasthenia gravis (Vivacity-MG3): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Given burdensome side-effects and long latency for efficacy with conventional agents, there is a continued need for generalised myasthenia gravis treatments that are safe and provide consistently sustained, long-term disease control. Nipocalimab, a neonatal Fc receptor blocker, was associated with dose-dependent reductions in total IgG and anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and clinically meaningful improvements in the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scale in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis in a phase 2 study. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in a phase 3 study.

Degradation and defluorination of CF PFASs with different functional groups by VUV/UV-based reduction and oxidation processes.

Structural diversity can affect the degradability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) during water treatment. Here, three PFASs with different functional groups-CF-R, PFHpA, PFHxS, and 6:2 FTS-were degraded using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV/UV)-based treatments. While fully fluorinated PFASs-PFHpA and PFHxS-were degraded faster in the VUV/UV/sulfite reaction than in VUV/UV photolysis, VUV/UV photolysis was more effective for degrading 6:2 FTS by OH radicals produced through photolysis of water.

Advancing protein structure prediction beyond AlphaFold2.

Accurate prediction of protein structures is essential for understanding their biological functions. The release of AlphaFold2 in 2021 marked a significant breakthrough, delivering unprecedented accuracy. However, challenges remain, particularly for proteins with limited evolutionary data or complex molecular interactions.

The impact of lunate type on scapho-trapezio-trapezoid arthritis in trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis patients.

Background: Type II lunate has an extra facet with the hamate. This difference alters the biomechanics of the midcarpal joint, influencing the development of scapho-trapezio-trapezoid (STT) arthritis. We aimed to investigate whether, in patients with trapeziometacarpal (TMC) osteoarthritis (OA), involvement of the STT joint is associated with the lunate type.

A Comparative Study Between Cold Static Storage and Normothermic Ex-Situ Donor Heart Preservation in a Rat Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation.

Introduction: Cold static storage (CSS) and normothermic ex-situ preservation are the most widely used donor heart preservation techniques worldwide. The current study compares both CSS and normothermic ex-situ preservation methods in terms of graft performance, morphologic changes, and acute immune response in an experimental model.

Method And Materials: Twenty rats underwent heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation after 2 h of CSS (group 1; n = 10) or normothermic ex-situ perfusion (group 2; n = 10).

Transcriptomic insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae in IL-1β-driven chondrosarcoma cells.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex, degenerative, multi-factorial joint disease. Because of the difficulty in treating OA, developing new targeting strategies that can be used to understand its molecular mechanisms is critical. Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae offer much therapeutic value; however, the presence of various active compounds and the multi-factorial risk factors for OA render the precise mechanisms of action unclear.

Suppression of carbon footprint through the CO-assisted pyrolysis of livestock waste.

Concentrated animal feeding operation facility in modern livestock industry is pointed out as a point site causing environmental pollution due to massive generation of manure. While livestock manure is conventionally treated through biological processes, composting and anaerobic digestion, these practices pose difficulties in achieving efficient carbon utilization. To address this, this study suggests a pyrolytic valorization of livestock manure, with a focus on enhancing syngas production.

Population pharmacokinetics of erlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A model-based meta-analysis.

Background: Erlotinib is a potent first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Due to its proximity to the upper limit of tolerability, dose adjustments are often necessary to manage potential adverse reactions resulting from its pharmacokinetic (PK) variability.

Methods: Population PK studies of erlotinib were identified using PubMed databases.

SEPO-FI: Deep-learning based software to calculate fusion index of muscle cells.

The fusion index is a critical metric for quantitatively assessing the transformation of in vitro muscle cells into myotubes in the biological and medical fields. Traditional methods for calculating this index manually involve the labor-intensive counting of numerous muscle cell nuclei in images, which necessitates determining whether each nucleus is located inside or outside the myotubes, leading to significant inter-observer variation. To address these challenges, this study proposes a three-stage process that integrates the strengths of pattern recognition and deep-learning to automatically calculate the fusion index.

A study on how to improve students' continuance intention in landscape architecture conservation course within a virtual learning environment based on SVVR.

With the rapid pace of global urbanization, preserving natural landscapes has become increasingly critical. However, urbanization presents significant environmental risks worsened by decreased ecological consciousness. This has led to a pressing demand for education in landscape conservation.

Mild behavioral impairment and its relation to amyloid load in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.

Introduction: In isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), the evidence of cognitive impairment and co-existing amyloid pathology suggests that mild behavioral impairment (MBI) may be associated with disease progression. In this study, we investigated MBI and its association with cognitive function, brain amyloid load and glucose metabolism in iRBD patients to evaluate the utility of MBI as a predictive marker of disease progression.

Methods: Patients with iRBD underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, F-florbetaben (FBB) PET, and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET.

Improved Hematology Analysis Based on Microfluidic Impedance Spectroscopy: Erythrocyte Orientation and Anisotropic Dielectric Properties of Flowing Blood.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has great potential for laboratory blood tests. The overall aim of this study is to develop a microfluidic sensor for determining the physical properties and hematological parameters of blood based on its dielectric spectra. Impedance was measured in flowing blood to prevent aggregation and sedimentation at frequencies between 40 Hz and 110 MHz.

Superior performance in classification of breast cancer molecular subtype and histological factors by radiomics based on ultrafast MRI over standard MRI: evidence from a prospective study.

Purpose: To compare the performance of ultrafast MRI with standard MRI in classifying histological factors and subtypes of invasive breast cancer among radiologists with varying experience.

Methods: From October 2021 to November 2022, this prospective study enrolled 225 participants with 233 breast cancers before treatment (NCT06104189 at clinicaltrials.gov).

rs762855 single nucleotide polymorphism modulates the risk for diffuse-type gastric cancer in females: a genome-wide association study in the Korean population.

Background: Intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) and diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) exhibit different prevalence rates between sexes. While environmental factors like Helicobacter pylori infection and alcohol consumption contribute to these differences, they do not fully account for them, suggesting a role for host genetic factors.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to explore associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of IGC or DGC.

Calcium-binding protein CALU-1 is essential for proper collagen formation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix, is crucial for the structural integrity of the Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle. While several proteins involved in collagen biosynthesis have been identified, the complete regulatory network remains unclear. This study investigates the role of CALU-1, an ER-resident calcium-binding protein, in cuticle collagen formation and maintenance.

Greater Influence of Density on the Electrical Properties of an Organic Semiconductor Glass Compared to Molecular Orientation.

Physical vapor deposition is widely used in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes and has the potential to adjust the density and orientation through substrate temperature control, which may lead to enhanced electrical performance. However, it is unclear whether this enhanced property is because of the horizontal molecular orientation or the increased density. The effects of the density and orientation on the electrical properties of a potential electron transport material, (3-dibenzo[c,h]acridin-7-yl)phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO-dibenzacridine), were investigated.

A-kinase anchor protein 12 promotes oligodendrogenesis and cognitive recovery in carbon monoxide therapy for traumatic brain injury.

Therapeutic drug development for central nervous system injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), presents significant challenges. TBI results in primary mechanical damage followed by secondary injury, leading to cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. Our recent study demonstrated the potential of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) to improve TBI recovery by enhancing neurogenesis.

Vitamin Bs as Potent Anticancer Agents through MMP-2/9 Regulation.

In recent years, the role of coenzymes, particularly those from the vitamin B group in modulating the activity of metalloenzymes has garnered significant attention in cancer treatment strategies. Metalloenzymes play pivotal roles in various cellular processes, including DNA repair, cell signaling, and metabolism, making them promising targets for cancer therapy. This review explores the complex interplay between coenzymes, specifically vitamin Bs, and metalloenzymes in cancer pathogenesis and treatment.