Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) related cognitive decline occurs at relatively young ages in individuals with Down syndrome (DS, early-mid 50s) and in those with autosomal dominant mutations (ADAD, 40-50s). Both groups show similar patterns of amyloid accumulation. We examined if brain volumes are similarly affected by AD pathology in individuals with DS and ADAD.

Biomarkers.

Background: We aimed to validate the ability of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers to predict clinical diagnosis and the ability to predict image-based A/T/N biomarkers positivity in Asian population. We also sought to define the optimal cut point for each biomarker.

Method: 232 participants were enrolled, all of whom underwent F-florbetaben (FBB), F-flortaucipir (FTP) PET, volumetric MRI, and neuropsychological assessments.

Biomarkers.

Background: After the landmark approval of the Aβ-lowering antibody for treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), it has intensified the need to stratify patients based on the likelihood that they will benefit from any amyloid-lowering treatments currently in the pipeline. We therefore seek to identify individuals most likely to benefit from Aβ-lowering drugs by estimating intervention effect based on counterfactual reasoning for longitudinal cognitive decline at the individual level.

Method: We utilized 3,542 T1-weighted magnetic resonance images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), involving 3,103 Alzheimer's patients and 439 cognitively normal individuals.

Biomarkers.

Background: The extent of neurofibrillary changes, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD, correlates with the severity of AD in dementia. The brainstem is known to be the site of neurofibrillary changes in the early stages of Alzhimer's disease. The neurotransmitter system in the brainstem processes information from subcortical and cortical circuits affect to various cognitive and behavioral responses in the cerebral cortex.

Biomarkers.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers offer a cost-effective and simple alternative for clinical use in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has already been shown that plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217) is associated with amyloid (Aβ), neurofibrillary tau tangles, and cognitive decline. Longitudinal studies confirmed its ability to track AD progression.

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent anti-amyloid clinical trials have incorporated plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an exploratory endpoint, reporting a notable decrease in plasma GFAP levels over time. Additionally, plasma GFAP has been associated with Aβ pathology and cognitive decline in individuals with cognitive impairment, making it a robust biomarker of neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we tested the utility of changes in plasma GFAP as a secondary endpoint in AD clinical trials focusing on cognitively impaired (CI) individuals.

Public Health.

Background: High-income countries (HICs) are over-represented in current global dementia incidence rates, skewing estimates. Variance in diagnostic methods between HICs and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is speculated to contribute to the regional differences in rates. Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) offers a unique opportunity to address these research inequalities by harmonising data from international studies, including representation from LMICs.

Public Health.

Background: Despite the growing number and proportion of the immigrant population in the US, there is a lack of knowledge on healthcare expenditures among immigrants with cognitive limitations or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). This study estimated differences in total healthcare expenditures between US-born and foreign-born individuals by the presence of ADRD and/or cognitive limitations. This study also examined the differences in healthcare expenditures by service types, including inpatient stays, office-based visits, emergency department (ED) visits, home healthcare, and prescription drugs.

Dual-Lock System for High Sensitivity and Selectivity in Redox Enzyme Activation and Imaging.

Reductase expression is a potential indicator of cellular pathology. Single-detection systems for reductases have been developed, however, the development of dual-detection systems remain largely unexplored. We rationally designed a dual-lock fluorescent probe that exhibited a high signal-to-noise ratio with a fluorescence Off-On response exclusively for the simultaneous activity of two reductases, NTR and hNQO1, which are overexpressed in cancer hypoxia.

Public Health.

Background: Cognitive decline often follows human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, yet the specific risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) in HIV patients remain elusive.

Method: To investigate the association between acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) status at the time of HIV diagnosis and the risk of ADRD, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from a nationwide claim database spanning 2008 to 2021. During the study period, 13,289 patients were newly diagnosed with HIV infection and were prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Public Health.

Background: Socio-cultural and language-appropriate study materials and instruments are critical for accurate assessment of cognitive function in people from diverse backgrounds. Most research uses cognitive tests based on Western, industrialized, English-speaking cultures and may not reflect global experiences. The purpose of this study was to describe the translations of study materials and cultural adaptations that were developed for the Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD).

Public Health.

Background: In rapidly developing countries like India, individuals undergo fluctuations in social status throughout their lives. However, there have been few investigations of the link between life course socioeconomic status and cognitive function in late middle age, particularly regarding whether upward and downward mobility exert symmetric effects. Furthermore, limited attention has been directed toward understanding gender heterogeneity within this association.

Public Health.

Background: Illiteracy is highly prevalent in older women than in men, but whether the impact of illiteracy on dementia risk is differed by gender remains unclear.

Method: We enrolled 5,217 non-demented older adults aged ≥ 60 years from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. Presence of illiteracy was assessed by research nurses and the diagnoses of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were made by standardized diagnostic interview by geriatric psychiatrists.

Public Health.

Background: The aim of this study is to find out differences in social health between older adults living alone and living with others.

Method: A survey was conducted on 73 older adults who live alone and 72 older adults who live with others aged 60 or older. Living alone was surveyed by general information, social health was surveyed by Korean Social Health Scale for Elderly (K-SHSE), and lifestyle was surveyed by The Yonsei Lifestyle Profile (YLP).

Public Health.

Background: There is a growing global interest in the healthy lifestyle of older adults. However, despite lifestyle representing the individual, their way of life, research focusing on their personal values in the influence of lifestyle factors is lacking. This study aims to categorize the lifestyles of older adults into two types and utilize machine learning to identify the personal values that take precedence influence these lifestyles.

Proactive Surgical Management and Outcomes of Unilateral Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures in Major Trauma Patients: A National Level I Center Experience.

Objective: Managing facial trauma in patients with severe polytrauma presents significant challenges due to competing priorities, poor systemic conditions, and delayed surgical timing. At a national level I trauma center, the authors evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of proactive surgical intervention for unilateral zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures in severe trauma patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 81 patients with unilateral ZMC fractures treated at a regional level I trauma center between October 2019 and August 2021.

Public Health.

Background: One out of every ten individuals aged 65 or above in Korea experiences dementia, with a total dementia care cost of KRW 18.7198 trillion, or approximately KRW 21.24 million per person.

Public Health.

Background: The Korean American older adult population is rapidly growing, with most being foreign-born individuals with limited English proficiency, and who experience significant health disparities. The Koreans Invested in Making Caregivers Health Important (KIMCHI) project is a national, culturally tailored, bilingual (English/Korean) initiative focused on community-based research dissemination to empower Korean Americans with insights into healthy cognitive aging and dementia caregiving.

Method: From the community partnership with Somang Society and AARIN, a total of 211 participants, predominantly older adults (aged 24- 90 years; M = 69; SD = 12.

Public Health.

Background: Research on the relationship between diet and dementia among Koreans are lacking. This study investigated the association between dietary habits and dementia progression over 3 years in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD).

Method: This study included 705 patients with mild-to-moderate ADD.

Public Health.

Background: The global increase in the aging population has led to a corresponding rise in dementia cases. This study explores the potential link between occupational toxin exposure and the incidence of dementia, aiming to identify high-risk populations.

Method: We analyzed data from 2,485 male participants aged 60 and over in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Ageing and Dementia (KLOSCAD).

Advanced Dual-Mode Microfluidic Sensing Platform Based on Amphiphilic Polymer-Capped Perovskite Nanozymes Induced Photoelectrochemical Signal Amplification and Fluorescence Emission.

A novel dual-mode microfluidic sensing platform integrating photoelectrochemical (PEC) and fluorescence (FL) sensors was developed for the sensitive monitoring of heart fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP). First, BiVO/AgInS (BVAIS) composites with excellent photoelectric activity were synthesized as sensing matrices. The BVAIS heterojunction with a well-matched internal energy level structure provided a stable photocurrent.

Public Health.

Background: Sleep's crucial role in maintaining brain health is increasingly recognized, particularly due to the rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. It not only supports cognitive function but also aids in clearing brain metabolic waste through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. During sleep, especially in the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phase, CSF flow increases, essential for removing neurotoxic substances like amyloid-beta proteins.

Public Health.

Background: Previous research has predominantly examined life satisfaction in stroke patients as a singular variable, overlooking its multidimensional nature encompassing health, income, spouse, and child satisfaction. To address this research gap, our longitudinal study utilizes survival analysis to investigate how various aspects of life satisfaction are influenced by diverse lifestyle factors.

Method: We employed data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2010-2020), specifically focusing on stroke patients who survived from 2010 to 2020.

Biomarkers.

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pathology is becoming increasingly important in Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of its potential link to amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, a critical side effect observed during AD immunotherapy. Identification of CAA without typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers (MRI-negative CAA) is challenging, and novel detection biomarkers are needed.

Method: We included 69 participants with high neuritic plaques (NP) burden, with and without CAA pathology (NP with CAA vs.