Learned phenotypes emerge during social stress modifying hippocampal orexin receptor gene expression.

Psychological distress, including anxiety or mood disorders, emanates from the onset of chronic/unpredictable stressful events. Symptoms in the form of maladaptive behaviors are learned and difficult to treat. While the origin of stress-induced disorders seems to be where learning and stress intersect, this relationship and molecular pathways involved remain largely unresolved.

Effect of feeding high oleic soybean oil to finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and feeding duration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 450 twenty-one-week-old finishing pigs with an average body weight of 113.7 ± 8 kg were housed in 90 pens assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a 2×2 + 1 factorial design.

Technique for areolar reduction areolar-sparing mastectomy.

Achieving satisfactory nipple esthetics following skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy is an important element of ensuring positive patient outcomes. Several techniques used to reconstruct the nipple-areolar complex have been described in previous literature and have had success in securing good cosmetic outcomes. For patients with macrothelia, surgeons may employ a number of options in reducing nipple size.

Bioavailability of EPA and DHA in humans - A comprehensive review.

The bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids is a critical yet often overlooked factor influencing their efficacy. This review evaluates the bioavailability of EPA/DHA from acute (single-dose) and chronic human studies, focusing on (a) chemical forms such as triacylglycerols (TAG, natural and re-esterified, rTAG), free fatty acids (FFA), and phospholipids (PL) from sources like fish, krill, and microalgae, and (b) delivery methods like microencapsulation and emulsification. Bioavailability for isolated chemically forms followed the order: FFA > PL > rTAG > unmodified TAG > ethyl esters (EE).

Mycovirome of Diaporthe helianthi and D. gulyae, causal agents of Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Diaporthe gulyae and D. helianthi cause Phomopsis stem canker, which is a yield-limiting fungal disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the United States.

Long-term forced-use therapy after sensorimotor cortex lesions restores contralesional hand function and promotes its preference in Macaca mulatta.

Injury to one cerebral hemisphere can result in paresis of the contralesional hand and subsequent preference of the ipsilesional hand in daily activities. However, forced use therapy in humans can improve function of the contralesional paretic hand and increase its use in daily activities, although the ipsilesional hand may remain preferred for fine motor activities. Studies in monkeys have shown that minimal forced use of the contralesional hand, which was the preferred hand prior to brain injury, can produce remarkable recovery of function.

A descriptive examination of rurality in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort: Implications, illustrations, and future directions.

Purpose: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort has enrolled over 60,000 children to examine how early environmental factors (broadly defined) are associated with key child health outcomes. The ECHO Cohort may be well-positioned to contribute to our understanding of rural environments and contexts, which has implications for rural health disparities research. The present study examined the outcome of child obesity to not only illustrate the suitability of ECHO Cohort data for these purposes but also determine how various definitions of rural and urban populations impact the presentation of findings and their interpretation.

Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have altered cell envelope hydrophobicity that influences infection outcomes in human macrophages.

In recent decades, drug resistant (DR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the cause of tuberculosis (TB), have emerged that threaten public health. Although M.

Evaluation of antibiotic purchase data for ceftiofur and enrofloxacin and minimum inhibitory concentrations among Escherichia coli isolates from swine farms in the Midwestern United States using multiple statistical models.

Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global One Health threat. Controlling selection pressure by reducing antibiotic use in livestock is a significant component of the response to this threat. The science concerning use and resistance is complicated and affected by time from antibiotic exposure, changing bacterial fitness, and varies by drug and pathogen.

Extending the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort through 2030: Rationale and study protocol.

Early life environmental exposures, even those experienced before conception, can shape health and disease trajectories across the lifespan. Optimizing the detection of the constellation of exposure effects on a broad range of child health outcomes across development requires considerable sample size, transdisciplinary expertise, and developmentally sensitive and dimensional measurement. To address this, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Study is an observational longitudinal pediatric cohort study.

Penalizing underage alcohol use is associated with lower mortality for young drivers: Use/lose laws and their association with motor vehicle collision mortality.

Background: Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) continue to be a leading cause of mortality for youth in the United States. Since 2010, seven states have revoked mandatory laws that suspended licenses for underage alcohol use, also known as use/lose laws. This study analyzed whether each state's policy change was associated with increased youth MVC mortality.

Equitable and effective clinical guidance development and dissemination: trauma aims to lead the way.

Thirty-four per cent of deaths among Americans aged 1-46 are due to injury, and many of these deaths could be prevented if all hospitals performed as well as the highest-performing hospitals. The Institute of Medicine and the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine have called for learning health systems, with emphasis on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) as a means of limiting preventable deaths. Reduction in mortality has been demonstrated when evidence-based trauma CPGs are adhered to; however, guidelines are variably updated, redundant, absent, inaccessible, or perceived as irrelevant.

Characterizing the Relationships Amongst Psychological Safety, the Learning Environment, and Well-Being in Surgical Faculty and Trainees.

Objective: Learning environments affect the well-being of surgical faculty and trainees. Psychological safety (PS) has been linked with learning behaviors and aspects of well-being within medicine; however, given the unique challenges inherent to the surgical learning environment, there is a need to more closely examine these concepts for surgical faculty and trainees. The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between learning environment and PS, as well as PS and well-being with surgery.

Early results indicate that de-O-acetylated sialic acids increase Selectin binding in cancers.

Cancers utilize a simple glycan, Sialic Acid, to engage in metastatic processes via the Sialic acid (Sia) -Selectin pathway. Selectins recognize and bind to sialylated substrates, resulting in adhesion, migration, and extravasation, however, how deviations from the canonical form of Sia regulate binding to Selectin receptors (E, L, and P) on hemopoietic cells resulting in these metastatic processes, remained a gap in knowledge. De-O-acetylated Sias has been recently shown to be an integral substrate to the binding of sialic acid binding proteins.

Unraveling the genomic landscape of piscine myocarditis virus: mutation frequencies, viral diversity and evolutionary dynamics in Atlantic salmon.

Over a decade since its discovery, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) remains a significant pathogen in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Despite this significant impact, the genomic landscape, evolutionary dynamics, and virulence factors of PMCV are poorly understood. This study enhances the existing PMCV sequence dataset by adding 34 genome sequences and 202 new ORF3 sequences from clinical cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) cases in Norwegian aquaculture.

Handgrip Strength has Declined Among Adults, Particularly Males, from Shanghai Since 2000.

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) is an excellent marker of general strength capacity and health among adults. We aimed to calculate temporal trends in HGS for adults from Shanghai between 2000 and 2020.

Methods: Adults aged 20-59 years from Shanghai, China, were included.

A randomized controlled trial of Native CHOICES: Impact on alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk reduction among American Indian and Alaska Native women.

Background: Prevention of alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) involves reducing risky alcohol consumption among women at-risk for pregnancy, using effective contraception among women drinking at risky levels to prevent pregnancy, or both. This study presents the outcomes of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of Native CHOICES, a culturally tailored adaptation of the CHOICES intervention, among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women.

Methods: AI/AN women aged 18-44 who were at-risk for an AEP were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the Native CHOICES intervention or a waitlist control group.

Use of alfalfa cellulose for formulation of strong, biodegradable film to extend the shelf life of strawberries.

Plastic packaging has increased concerns about human health and the ecosystem due to non-biodegradability. Several biopolymers, such as cellulose, starch, and proteins, are being explored, and cellulosic residue from agricultural biomass is suitable to overcome this predicament. Herein, cellulosic residue fibers (ACR) extracted from alfalfa were used to prepare biodegradable films by solubilizing them in ZnCl solution and crosslinking the chains with calcium ions (Ca) and sorbitol.

Rare dysfunctional SCN2A variants are associated with malformation of cortical development.

Objective: SCN2A encodes the voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channel α subunit Na1.2, which is important for the generation and forward and back propagation of action potentials in neurons. Genetic variants in SCN2A are associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Integration of Community Health Workers into Palliative Care Teams: A Scoping Review.

Background: Rural communities, like other places in the United States, face a growing need for palliative care. Community health workers (CHWs) are one potential way to expand the ability to provide palliative care. This scoping review explores what is known about CHWs involved in palliative care teams in the United States.

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Review of Body Composition.

Although the body mass index (BMI) has been used as a measure of obesity for decades, it is now possible to measure adiposity more directly with technologies that can quantitate body fat and other tissues. The purpose of this review is to understand body composition, describe the different ways to measure it, review changes in body composition after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), and provide guidance on how providers can introduce measurements of body composition into their everyday practice.

Papilledema in Children With Cystic Fibrosis Receiving Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor: A Multicenter Case Series.

Following the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), there have been post-marketing reports and published cases of papilledema and intracranial hypertension in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) taking ETI. In those reports, the patients often presented with marked symptoms and concomitant hypervitaminosis A. In this multicenter case series, we report eight cases of papilledema in children with CF taking ETI that were diagnosed via routine eye exam, the majority of whom presented with minimal to no symptoms and all had normal serum Vitamin A levels.

The development of the Promoting First Relationships home visiting program and caregivers' comments about their experiences across four RCT studies.

Promoting First Relationships (PFR) is an evidence-based home-visiting program for caregivers and their children from birth to age 5 years. It focuses on caregiver-child interaction, attachment, and relationship quality using video feedback of unedited recordings to elicit reflection and provide positive feedback linked to knowledge development. This paper provides a brief history of PFR and reports on a qualitative study of 222 caregivers' comments about their PFR experiences following participation in one of four randomized controlled trials conducted over the past decade in the United States (two studies within child welfare setting, one study with Native American families, and one study with Spanish and English-speaking mothers), using a thematic analysis approach to code excerpts from written satisfaction surveys and oral satisfaction interviews.

Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience: The Indirect Effect of a Sense of Purpose in Life.

Purpose: This study examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and resilience through a sense of purpose in life (SP) among 578 college students, applying resilience theory and positive psychology.

Materials And Methods: Using a cross-sectional, online survey design, data were collected. Most respondents were female (71.

Constructing industrial lignin into robust and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating for effective anti-icing.

Using renewable materials as primary components for constructing superhydrophobic coatings is an effective strategy for enhancing the environmental sustainability of anti-icing technologies. Alkali lignin, a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, was graft-modified with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane to create a robust and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating for effective anti-icing. The results demonstrated that the industrial lignin-based coating achieved a contact angle of 162.