Alaska's Flora as a Treatment for Cancer.

Cancer is an extraordinarily complex illness, with many tumors ultimately developing resistance to the currently available therapeutics. This highlights a need for the discovery of new anticancer medicines. Natural products have been utilized for centuries by the indigenous people of Alaska for both spiritual and medicinal purposes and have traditionally been administered as medicine for a wide range of ailments from the common cold to cancer.

A Library of Seed@High-Entropy-Alloy Core-shell Nanocrystals With Controlled Facets for Catalysis.

High-entropy-alloy (HEA) nanocrystals hold immense potential for catalysis, offering virtually unlimited alloy combinations through the inclusion of at least five constituent elements in varying ratios. However, general and effective strategies for synthesizing libraries of HEA nanocrystals with controlled surface atomic structures remain scarce. In this study, a transferable strategy for developing a library of facet-controlled seed@HEA nanocrystals through seed-mediated growth is presented.

Controlled Hierarchical Construction of Ultrahomogeneous CoS@CoAl-LDH/NF Layered Core-Shell Heterostructures for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

The rational collocation and construction of multiphase composite electrode materials with ingenious structures is a key strategic to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors (SCs). Within this project, a unique CoS@CoAl-LDH/NF core-shell heterostructure consisting of CoAl-LDH/NF ultrathin nanosheets sturdily attached to CoS/NF needle-like nanorods is grown in situ on self-supported conductive substrate nickel foam (NF) by an effortless and productive multistep hydrothermal method. The construction of the core-shell structure can effectively enhance the capacitive properties as well as the mechanical strength of the material.

Unconventional Hexagonal Close-Packed High-Entropy Alloy Surfaces Synergistically Accelerate Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

Accelerating the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which involves the slow cleavage of HO-H bonds and the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen (H*) and hydroxyl (OH*) intermediates, requires developing catalysts with optimal binding strengths for these intermediates. Here, the unconventional hexagonal close-packed (HCP) high-entropy alloy (HEA) atomic layers are prepared composed of five platinum-group metals to enhance the alkaline HER synergistically. The breakthrough is made by layer-by-layer heteroepitaxial deposition of subnanometer RuRhPdPtIr HEA layers on the HCP Ru seeds, despite the thermodynamic stability of Rh, Pd, Pt, and Ir in a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure except for Ru.

Impact of Graphene Layers on Genetic Expression and Regulation within Sulfate-Reducing Biofilms.

Bacterial adhesion and biofilm maturation is significantly influenced by surface properties, encompassing both bare surfaces and single or multi-layered coatings. Hence, there is an utmost interest in exploring the intricacies of gene regulation in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on copper and graphene-coated copper surfaces. In this study, G20 was used as the model SRB to elucidate the pathways that govern pivotal roles during biofilm formation on the graphene layers.

Isotropically Polarized Bipiezoelectric Polyacrylonitrile-Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Advanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Operation in High-Humidity Environments.

Conventional hybrid piezo-triboelectric nanogenerators (PTNGs) have potential applications as energy supply devices for microelectronic devices, but their low power density and unstable performance under high-humidity conditions are challenges that need to be solved. Here, we report a novel flexible hybrid bifiezo-triboelectric nanogenerator (Bi-PTNG) based on isotropic polarization design of piezoelectric PVDF and PAN nanofiber membranes, which greatly improves power density of devices and performances in high-humidity conditions. The performance enhancement mechanism of the Bi-PTNG was investigated by model analysis, experimental measurements, and simulations.

Multi-stress adaptive lifestyle of acidophiles enhances their robustness for biotechnological and environmental applications.

Acidophiles are a group of organisms typically found in highly acidic environments such as acid mine drainage. These organisms have several physiological features that enable them to thrive in highly acidic environments (pH ≤3). Considering that both acid mine drainage and solfatara fields exhibit extreme and dynamic ecological conditions for acidophiles, it is crucial to gain deeper insights into the adaptive mechanisms employed by these unique organisms.

Competitive networked bi-virus spread: Existence of coexistence equilibria.

The paper studies multi-competitive continuous-time epidemic processes. We consider the setting where two viruses are simultaneously prevalent, and the spread occurs due to individual-to-individual interaction. In such a setting, an individual is either not affected by any of the viruses, or infected by one and exactly one of the two viruses.

Economic and environmental sustainability of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar panels recycling.

End-of-life management of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar photovoltaics (PV) panels is crucial due to the necessity of recycling valuable elements such as indium ($400/kg) and gallium ($618/kg), ensuring both economic viability and environmental sustainability. In this study, we analyze the private and external costs of end-of-life management for CIGS PV designed for mass-scale recycling. Our findings reveal that the private and external costs of end-of-life management range from ∼$3.

Exploring the potential of machine learning to understand the occurrence and health risks of haloacetic acids in a drinking water distribution system.

Determining the occurrence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water distribution system (DWDS) remains challenging. Predicting DBPs using readily available water quality parameters can help to understand DBPs associated risks and capture the complex interrelationships between water quality and DBP occurrence. In this study, we collected drinking water samples from a distribution network throughout a year and measured the related water quality parameters (WQPs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).

First Simultaneous Measurement of Differential Muon-Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on Argon for Final States with and without Protons Using MicroBooNE Data.

We report the first double-differential neutrino-argon cross section measurement made simultaneously for final states with and without protons for the inclusive muon neutrino charged-current interaction channel. The proton kinematics of this channel are further explored with a differential cross section measurement as a function of the leading proton's kinetic energy that extends across the detection threshold. These measurements use data collected with the MicroBooNE detector from 6.

A catalyst family of high-entropy alloy atomic layers with square atomic arrangements comprising iron- and platinum-group metals.

We report a catalyst family of high-entropy alloy (HEA) atomic layers having three elements from iron-group metals (IGMs) and two elements from platinum-group metals (PGMs). Ten distinct quinary compositions of IGM-PGM-HEA with precisely controlled square atomic arrangements are used to explore their impact on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The PtRuFeCoNi atomic layers perform enhanced catalytic activity and durability toward HER and HOR when benchmarked against the other IGM-PGM-HEA and commercial Pt/C catalysts.

Enhancing tumor endothelial permeability using MUC18-targeted gold nanorods and mild hyperthermia.

The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect, an elevated accumulation of drugs and nanoparticles in tumors versus in normal tissues, is a widely used concept in the field of cancer therapy. It assumes that the vasculature of solid tumors would possess abnormal, leaky endothelial cell barriers, allowing easy access of intravenous-delivered drugs and nanoparticles to tumor regions. However, the EPR effect is not always effective owing to the heterogeneity of tumor endothelium over time, location, and species.

First Search for Dark-Trident Processes Using the MicroBooNE Detector.

We present a first search for dark-trident scattering in a neutrino beam using a dataset corresponding to 7.2×10^{20} protons on target taken with the MicroBooNE detector at Fermilab. Proton interactions in the neutrino target at the main injector produce π^{0} and η mesons, which could decay into dark-matter (DM) particles mediated via a dark photon A^{'}.

Stepwise Construction of MoS@CoAl-LDH/NF 3D Core-Shell Nanoarrays with High Hole Mobility for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors (SCs) have received widespread attention as excellent energy storage devices, and the design of multicomponent electrode materials and the construction of ingenious structures are the keys to enhancing the performance of SCs. In this paper, MoS nanorods were used as the carrier structure to induce the anchoring of CoAl-LDH nanosheets and grow on the surface of nickel foam (NF) in situ, thus obtaining a uniformly distributed MoS nanorod@CoAl-LDH nanosheet core-shell nanoarray material (MoS@CoAl-LDH/NF). On the one hand, the nanorod-structured MoS as the core provides high conductivity and support, accelerates electron transfer, and avoids agglomeration of CoAl-LDH nanosheets.

Nanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advances and Open Problems.

We explore the potential of nanocrystals (a term used equivalently to nanoparticles) as building blocks for nanomaterials, and the current advances and open challenges for fundamental science developments and applications. Nanocrystal assemblies are inherently multiscale, and the generation of revolutionary material properties requires a precise understanding of the relationship between structure and function, the former being determined by classical effects and the latter often by quantum effects. With an emphasis on theory and computation, we discuss challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and to what extent nanocrystal assemblies represent thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states.

Vertical heterostructure of graphite-MoS for gas sensing.

2D materials, given their form-factor, high surface-to-volume ratio, and chemical functionality have immense use in sensor design. Engineering 2D heterostructures can result in robust combinations of desirable properties but sensor design methodologies require careful considerations about material properties and orientation to maximize sensor response. This study introduces a sensor approach that combines the excellent electrical transport and transduction properties of graphite film with chemical reactivity derived from the edge sites of semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS) through a two-step chemical vapour deposition method.