Evaluation of long-term supplementation of a Bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast cell culture product used alone or in combination on Clostridia, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella prevalence in beef steers.

The objective was to determine the influence of long-term supplementation (258 d) of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) and/or yeast cell wall (YCW) product on bacterial populations in beef steers. Single-sourced Charolais × Red Angus steers (n = 256; body weight = 246 ± 1.68 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and blocked by location into one of four treatments: 1) fed no DFM and no YCW (Control); 2) fed only the DFM (DFM; Certillus CP B1801 Dry, 28 g/steer d-1 ); 3) fed only the YCW (YCW; Celmanax; 18 g/steer d-1 ); and 4) fed the DFM and the YCW (DFM+YCW).

Salicylic acid and Tocopherol improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Physio-biochemical and agronomic features grown in deep sowing stress: a way forward towards sustainable production.

Background: The rate of germination and other physiological characteristics of seeds that are germinating are impacted by deep sowing. Based on the results of earlier studies, conclusions were drawn that deep sowing altered the physio-biochemical and agronomic characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Population-level gene expression can repeatedly link genes to functions in maize.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) can provide single gene resolution for candidate genes in plants, complementing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) but efforts in plants have been met with, at best, mixed success. We generated expression data from 693 maize genotypes, measured in a common field experiment, sampled over a 2-h period to minimize diurnal and environmental effects, using full-length RNA-seq to maximize the accurate estimation of transcript abundance. TWAS could identify roughly 10 times as many genes likely to play a role in flowering time regulation as GWAS conducted data from the same experiment.

Corncob-derived biodegradable packaging films: A sustainable solution for raspberry post-harvest preservation.

Plastic food packaging, with its harmful migration of microplastics and nanoplastics into food, presents significant ecological imbalance and human health risks. In this regard, using food and agricultural byproducts as packaging materials reduces environmental and economic concerns and supports their sustainable management. Herein, cellulosic residue from corncob was employed as a renewable source for developing biodegradable packaging films.

Quantifying Methane Influx from Sewer into Wastewater Treatment Processes.

Wastewater treatment contributes substantially to methane (CH) emissions, yet monitoring and tracing face challenges because the treatment processes are often treated as a "black box". Particularly, despite growing interest, the amount of CH carryover and influx from the sewer and its impacts on overall emissions remain unclear. This study quantified CH emissions from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across China, utilizing existing multizonal odor control systems, with a focus on Beijing and Guiyang WWTPs.

Biodegradable, UV-blocking, and antioxidant films from alkali-digested lignocellulosic residue fibers of switchgrass.

The development of bio-friendly materials to replace single-use plastics is urgently needed. In this regard, cellulosic material from plants is a promising alternative. However, due to the risk of forest depletion, agricultural biomass stands out as a favorable choice.

Recovery of from Chopped, Bagged Kale ( var. ).

was found on pieces of chopped, bagged kale held 1 week beyond the typical postharvest storage period. Three of 11 isolates were identified as based on species-specific primers and multilocus genotyping with the translation elongation factor 1-alpha, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene regions. Four isolates of and four isolates comprising two unidentified species also were found.

Hydrocolloid-based nutraceutical delivery systems: Potential of κ-carrageenan hydrogel beads for sustained release of curcumin.

This study investigates the potential of κ-carrageenan hydrogel beads as a delivery system for curcumin, a bioactive compound with various health benefits. Hydrogel beads were prepared using the extrusion technique with a hypodermic needle. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in the κ-carrageenan hydrogel beads was found to be 74.

Analysis of Emerging Variants of Turkey Reovirus using Machine Learning.

Avian reoviruses continue to cause disease in turkeys with varied pathogenicity and tissue tropism. Turkey enteric reovirus has been identified as a causative agent of enteritis or inapparent infections in turkeys. The new emerging variants of turkey reovirus, tentatively named turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) and turkey hepatitis reovirus (THRV), are linked to tenosynovitis/arthritis and hepatitis, respectively.

Matrix-based key to the click beetle genera of Canada and USA with a summary of habitat use (Coleoptera, Elateridae).

The Elateridae, or click beetles are abundant and diverse in most terrestrial ecosystems in North America, acting as plant pests and filling many other ecological roles. The 112 genera of Elateridae Leach, 1815, or click beetles, known from Canada and USA are included in a first comprehensive digital interactive key to adults. A link to an online peer-reviewed LUCID key to elaterid genera and downloadable LUCID files are provided.

Can the cyanide metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, be used for forensic verification of cyanide poisoning?

Purpose: Forensic verification of cyanide (CN) poisoning by direct CN analysis in postmortem blood is challenging due to instability of CN in biological samples. CN metabolites, thiocyanate (SCN) and 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), have been proposed as more stable biomarkers, yet it is unclear if either is appropriate for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of CN biomarkers in postmortem swine and postmortem blood to determine which serves as the best biomarker of CN exposure.

Physicochemical and nutritional profiles of wild adlay () accessions by GC, FTIR, and spectrophotometer.

Purpose of current study was to determine physicochemical, triglyceride composition, and functional groups of wild adlay accessions (brown, black, yellow, grey, green, off white, and purple) to find out its scope as cereal crop. Triglycerides, minerals and functional groups were determined through Gas chromatography, spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer respectively. Results revealed variation among bulk densities, specific densities, percent empty spaces, and corresponding grain counts per 10 g of sample are useful in distinguishing brown, black, yellow, grey, green, off white, and purple wild adlay accessions.

Mapping annual 10-m soybean cropland with spatiotemporal sample migration.

China, as the world's biggest soybean importer and fourth-largest producer, needs accurate mapping of its planting areas for global food supply stability. The challenge lies in gathering and collating ground survey data for different crops. We proposed a spatiotemporal migration method leveraging vegetation indices' temporal characteristics.

Geographical Expansion of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B: First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in US Poultry.

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), classified within the family, wreaks havoc on poultry health. It typically causes upper respiratory tract and reproductive tract infections, mainly in turkeys, chickens, and ducks. Four subtypes of AMPV (A, B, C, D) and two unclassified subtypes have been identified, of which subtypes A and B are widely distributed across the world.

Silencing RNA-Mediated Knockdown of IFITM3 Enhances Senecavirus A Replication.

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a non-enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes vesicular diseases in pigs. Interferon-induced transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that exhibits broad antiviral activity. We investigated the role of IFITM3 in SVA replication.

Long-term species-level observations indicate the critical role of soil moisture in regulating China's grassland productivity relative to phenological and climatic factors.

As a sensitive indicator of climate change and a key variable in ecosystem surface-atmosphere interaction, vegetation phenology, and the growing season length, as well as climatic factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration) are widely recognized as key factors influencing vegetation productivity.

Effects of increasing dietary arginine supply during the three first weeks after weaning on pig growth performance, plasma amino acid concentrations, and health status.

A total of 425 weaned pigs (Exp. 1: 225 pigs [5.8 ± 0.

No Common Candidate Genes for Resistance to , , , and in Soybean Accessions from Maturity Groups 0 and I: Findings from Genome-wide Association Mapping.

Seedling diseases and root rot, caused by species of , can limit soybean ( L.) production in the United States. Currently, there are few commercially available cultivars resistant to .

Effect of feeding frequency on reproductive performances and stress responses in gestating sows.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of feeding frequency on a sow's reproductive performance and stress response during gestation. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were used in a completely randomized design based on their parity, body weight (BW), and backfat thickness (BFT), and the sows were allotted to two different feeding systems: 1) once daily feeding (OF) and 2) twice daily feeding (TF) in corn-soybean meal based diets. The gestation diet was formulated to contain 3,265 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) / kg, 12.

National Beef Quality Audit-2022: Transportation, mobility, live cattle, and hide assessments to determine producer-related defects that affect animal welfare and the value of market cows and bulls at processing facilities.

The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA)-2022 serves as a benchmark of the current market cow and bull sectors of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress.

Determining the Effects of Inter-Layer Time Interval in Powder-Fed Laser-Directed Energy Deposition on the Microstructure of Inconel 718 via In Situ Thermal Monitoring.

Cylindrical Inconel 718 specimens were fabricated via a blown-powder, laser-directed energy deposition (DED-L) additive manufacturing (AM) process equipped with a dual thermal monitoring system to learn key process-structure relationships. Thermographic inspection of the heat affected zone (HAZ) and melt pool was performed with different layer-to-layer time intervals of ~0 s, 5 s, and 10 s, using an infrared camera and dual-wavelength pyrometer, respectively. Maximum melt pool temperatures were found to increase with layer number within a substrate affected zone (SAZ), and then asymptotically decrease.

Exogenous application of ascorbic acid improves physiological and productive traits of Nigella sativa.

For thousands of years, plants have been utilized for medicinal purposes. For its naturally existing antibacterial properties, is one of the most researched herbs. A study was conducted during rabi 2020-21 at The University of Haripur in order to evaluate the potential of ascorbic acid as plant growth enhancer.

Research Progress on the NSP10 Protein of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious and pathogenic infectious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). It manifests as reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory disorders in piglets. PRRSV infects swine herds with symptoms such as abortions, stillbirths, and mummified fetuses in gestating sows.

A Retrospective Analysis of Isolates across 11 Animal Species (1982-1999) Led to the First Identification of Chromosomally Encoded in the USA.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-typhoidal is a pressing public health concern in the United States, necessitating continuous surveillance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 251 isolates from 11 animal species recovered between 1982 and 1999, utilizing serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Phenotypic resistance was observed in 101 isolates, with .