Micro- and mesoplastic pollution in the surface water and nekton from the eastern Indian ocean: Spatiotemporal variation, correlation and risk assessment.

The pollution of micro- and mesoplastic (MMP) in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) remains poorly understood. The present study revealed that MMP abundance in nekton from EIO in 2022 (mean: 2.30 ± 0.

Loss of Coral Trait Diversity and Impacts on Reef Fish Assemblages on Recovering Reefs.

Understanding patterns of biodiversity change is essential as coral reefs experience recurrent cycles of disturbance and recovery. Shifts in the total cover and species composition of habitat-forming corals can have far-reaching consequences, including shifts in coral functional traits and impacts on local fish assemblages. We surveyed coral and fish assemblages along the southern coast of Hainan Island near Sanya, China, in 2006, 2010, and 2018, during a period with repeated mass bleaching events.

Non-enzymatic synthesis of -methylated fluostatins: discovery and reaction mechanism.

Two -methylated fluostatins (FSTs) B3 (1) and B4 (2) were synthesized from flavin-mediated nonenzymatic epoxide ring-opening reactions of FST C. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD spectroscopic analyses. A subsequent C labeling study demonstrated that the -methyl groups of 1 and 2 were derived from DMSO and enabled the mechanistic proposal of a nonenzymatic -methylation.

Spleen Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Divergent Immune Responses to LPS and Poly (I:C) Challenge in the Yellow Drum ().

The yellow drum () is a marine teleost fish with strong disease resistance, yet the understanding of its immune response and key functional genes is fragmented. Here, RNA-Seq was used to investigate the regulation pathways and genes involved in the immune response to infection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) on the spleen of the yellow drum. There were fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LPS-infected treatment group at either 6 or 48 h.

Inhibition of H1N1 by sp. 122 via AKT and p53 signaling pathways.

Influenza viruses cause a severe threat to global health, which can lead to annual epidemics and cause pandemics occasionally. However, the number of anti-influenza therapeutic agents is very limited. Polysaccharides, extracted from sp.

Episodes of Early Pleistocene West Antarctic Ice Sheet Retreat Recorded by Iceberg Alley Sediments.

Ice loss in the Southern Hemisphere has been greatest over the past 30 years in West Antarctica. The high sensitivity of this region to climate change has motivated geologists to examine marine sedimentary records for evidence of past episodes of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) instability. Sediments accumulating in the Scotia Sea are useful to examine for this purpose because they receive iceberg-rafted debris (IBRD) sourced from the Pacific- and Atlantic-facing sectors of West Antarctica.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae: ) and Its Phylogenetic Position.

The mitochondrial genome is widely used to study the molecular evolution of and perform phylogenetic analyses on animals. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of was sequenced. The mitogenome was 16,239 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs).

Temporal and spatial comparison of food web structure in marine pastures in the Pearl River Estuary: Implications for sustainable fisheries management.

The biological and ecological integrity of marine ecosystems in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) has been compromised due to overfishing and water pollution. Fishing moratorium and artificial reef construction have been implemented in Wanshan and Miaowan for resource protection and restoration. Therefore, food web structure and trophic pathways of Wanshan, Miaowan, and Wailingding in different temporal and spatial situation will be determined using the Ecopath model, as well as the keystone species affecting these ecosystems, which can provide a basis for fishery management.

A glyoxylate-containing benzene derivative and butenolides from a marine algicolous fungus sp. SCSIO 41304.

A new glyoxylate-containing benzene derivative, methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)phenyl)-2-oxoacetate (), together with ten known compounds (-), were isolated from the marine algicolous fungus, sp. SCSIO 41304. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic analysis and comparing with literature data.

Repurposing the 3-Isocyanobutanoic Acid Adenylation Enzyme SfaB for Versatile Amidation and Thioesterification.

Genome mining of microbial natural products enables chemists not only to discover the bioactive molecules with novel skeletons, but also to identify the enzymes that catalyze diverse chemical reactions. Exploring the substrate promiscuity and catalytic mechanism of those biosynthetic enzymes facilitates the development of potential biocatalysts. SfaB is an acyl adenylate-forming enzyme that adenylates a unique building block, 3-isocyanobutanoic acid, in the biosynthetic pathway of the diisonitrile natural product SF2768 produced by Streptomyces thioluteus, and this AMP-ligase was demonstrated to accept a broad range of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Ustethylin Biosynthesis Implies Phenethyl Derivative Formation in .

A highly oxygenated phenethyl derivative ustethylin A was isolated from . Gene deletion, isotope labeling, and heterologous expression proved that the phenethyl core structure is assembled from malonyl-CoA by a polyketide synthase harboring a methyltransferase domain. Propionate was converted via acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and incorporated into the molecule.

Correction to: Anti-HSV-1 activity of Aspergillipeptide D, a cyclic pentapeptide isolated from fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO 41501.

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that there is a typo in the title of this article.

Anti-HSV-1 activity of Aspergillipeptide D, a cyclic pentapepetide isolated from fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO 41501.

Background: Herpes simplex virus 1, an enveloped DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family, spreads to neurons and causes pathological changes in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potency and mechanism of antiviral activity of Aspergillipeptide D, a cyclic pentapeptide isolated from a culture broth of marine gorgonian-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO 41501, At present, there are many studies on the anti-tumor, anti-clotting, anti-oxidant and immunoinflammatory effects of Aspergillipeptide D, but little research has been done on the anti-HSV-1 activity of Aspergillipeptide D.

Fine-scale genetic structure and flowering output of the seagrass undergoing disturbance.

Seagrass are under great stress in the tropical coast of Asia, where is frequently the dominant species with a large food web. Here, we investigate the question of the fine-scale genetic structure of this ecologically important foundation species, subject to severe anthropogenic disturbance in China. The genetic structure will illuminate potential mechanisms for population dynamics and sustainability, which are critical for preservation of biodiversity and for decision-making in management and restoration.

Dynamic responses of picophytoplankton to physicochemical variation in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Picophytoplankton were investigated during spring 2015 and 2016 extending from near-shore coastal waters to oligotrophic open waters in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). They were typically composed of (), (), and picoeukaryotes (). dominated most regions of the entire EIO and were approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude more abundant than and .

New alkaloids and isocoumarins from the marine gorgonian-derived fungus SCSIO 41501.

Two new -carboline alkaloids, aspergillspins A-B (-), three new quinolone alkaloids, aspergillspins C-E (-), and two new isocoumarins, aspergillspins F-G (-), together with four known alkaloids were isolated from the marine gorgonian-derived fungus sp. SCSIO 41501. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations of several chiral carbons in and were further established by quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

Two new aromatic polyketides from a deep-sea fungus sp. SCSIO 06720.

Two new compounds, 5-[2-hydroxypropane-1-yl]-2,6-dimethlbenzene-1,3-diol () and coniochaetone L (), together with 19 known compounds (), were isolated from a deep-sea fungus, sp. SCSIO 06720. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic analyses, chiral-phase HPLC analysis, and electronic circular dichroism spectra.

Population genetic structure of the deep-sea mussel s (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in the Northwest Pacific.

Studying population genetics of deep-sea animals helps us understand their history of habitat colonization and population divergence. Here, we report a population genetic study of the deep-sea mussel (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) widely distributed in chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in the Northwest Pacific. Three mitochondrial genes (i.

Genetic variation analysis of the cosmopolitan chaetognath in the northern South China Sea based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences.

In this study, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of in the northern South China Sea were investigated by 623 bp fragment of mtDNA COI gene sequence. A total of 146 individuals were collected from nine stations and 92 different haplotypes were obtained. 485 variable sites (210 were parsimony informative and 275 were singleton variable sites), and no insertion or deletion was found.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of (Labriformes: Labridae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of marine fish was sequenced by the high-throughput sequencing method. The genome is 17,252 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and one large non-coding region. The gene arrangement of is identical to that of common fishes.

Unexpected prey of juvenile spotted scat () near a wharf: The prevalence of fouling organisms in stomach contents.

A knowledge of fish diets can contribute to revealing the trophic role and ecological function of species in aquatic ecosystems. At present, however, there are no efficient or comprehensive methods for analyzing fish diets. In this study, we investigated the diets of juvenile collected near a wharf in Daya Bay, China, by dissection and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) using the 18S rDNA V4 region.

Community differentiation of bacterioplankton in the epipelagic layer in the South China Sea.

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and is characterized by complex physicochemical environments. To date, the biogeographic patterns of the microbial communities have rarely been reported at a basin scale in the SCS. In this study, the bacterial assemblages inhabiting the epipelagic zone across 110°E to 119°E along 14°N latitude were uncovered.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of (Perciformes: Siganidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of a marine fish was completely sequenced by the high throughput sequencing method. This complete mitochondrial genome was 16,497 bp in length, consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and one large non-coding region. The gene arrangement of is identical to those in typical fishes.

The mitochondrial genome of a sea anemone sp. exhibits novel genetic structures potentially involved in adaptation to the deep-sea environment.

The deep sea is one of the most extensive ecosystems on earth. Organisms living there survive in an extremely harsh environment, and their mitochondrial energy metabolism might be a result of evolution. As one of the most important organelles, mitochondria generate energy through energy metabolism and play an important role in almost all biological activities.