C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5CD8 T cells as immune regulators in hepatitis Be antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B under interferon-alpha treatment.

Background: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)CD8 T cells represent a unique immune subset with dual roles, functioning as cytotoxic cells in persistent viral infections while promoting B cell responses. Despite their importance, the specific role of CXCR5CD8 T cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), particularly during interferon-alpha (IFN-α) treatment, is not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between CXCR5CD8 T cells and sustained serologic response (SR) in patients undergoing 48 weeks of pegylated IFN-α (peg-IFN-α) treatment for CHB.

Parvalbumin interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex exhibit distinct processing patterns for fear and memory in rats.

The anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for multiple cognitive functions like fear, pain management, decision-making, risk and reward assessment, and memory consolidation. However, its cell-type-specific functions are not clearly understood. To reveal the selective functional role of Parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the ACC, we knocked down (KD) the PV gene in-vivo in rats.

Construction of Low-Crystallinity Three-Dimensional Flower-like Cobalt-Doped Nickel Hydroxide for High-Performance Nickel-Zinc Batteries.

The main limitations of aqueous nickel-zinc batteries are their relatively low energy density and short cycle life, which are inextricably linked to the limitations of nickel-based cathodes. In this study, a low-crystallinity flower-like cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide (α-Ni(OH)-0.2Co) is constructed by hydrothermal reaction and employed as high-energy-density cathode for aqueous rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries.

Network of job demands-resources and depressive symptoms in critical care nurses: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Critical care nurses are vulnerable to depression, which not only lead to poor well-being and increased turnover intention, but also affect their working performances and organizational productivity as well. Work related factors are important drivers of depressive symptoms. However, the non-liner and multi-directional relationships between job demands-resources and depressive symptoms in critical care nurses has not been adequately analyzed.

How trait mindfulness protects late adolescents from stress-induced sleep problems: the unique role of mindfulness facets and gender differences.

Background: Understanding sleep problems in late adolescents caused by daily stress is essential due to their increased vulnerability to stress-related sleep issues. While previous research has demonstrated the potential protective effect of trait mindfulness, facets of mindfulness were found to have unique functions against the negative impact of stress, and the unique impact of each facet of mindfulness on the sleep problems caused by the negative impact of stress remains unclear. Thus, this longitudinal study aimed to assess the impact of stressful life events on sleep problems a year later among late adolescents and to explore the moderating effects of the five trait mindfulness facets.

Curbing the trade in pangolin scales in China by revealing the characteristics of the illegal trade network.

Globally, pangolins are the most heavily trafficked mammals and China is one of the main destinations for their scales and meat. Conducting separate studies on the characteristics of the illegal trade in pangolin meat and in scales in China will provide a basis for devising more targeted protection strategies and actions. This study focused on the illegal pangolin-scale trading network in China by collating relevant cases of smuggling published in China Judgements Online, revealing that most scales came from Africa.

Atomically resolved imaging of radiation-sensitive metal-organic frameworks via electron ptychography.

Electron ptychography, recognized as an ideal technique for low-dose imaging, consistently achieves deep sub-angstrom resolution at electron doses of several thousand electrons per square angstrom (e/Å) or higher. Despite its proven efficacy, the application of electron ptychography at even lower doses-necessary for materials highly sensitive to electron beams-raises questions regarding its feasibility and the attainable resolution under such stringent conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the implementation of near-atomic-resolution ( ~ 2 Å) electron ptychography reconstruction at electron doses as low as ~100 e/Å, for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are known for their extreme sensitivity.

Mechanism of solid electrolyte interphase film formation using ethylene carbonate-based local high concentration electrolyte in sodium-ion batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have the advantages of abundant resources and low cost, making them potential candidates for the next-generation large-scale energy storage technology. However, the capacity fade during cycling used in sodium-ion batteries is a major challenge. The rational design of the electrolyte is one of the ways to solve these problems.

A novel ubiquitination-related gene signature for overall survival prediction in patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, necessitating the discovery of novel biomarkers to enhance individualized treatment approaches. Recent research has shown the significant involvement of ubiquitin-related genes (UbRGs) in the progression of LIHC. However, the prognostic value of UbRGs in LIHC has not been investigated.

Associations of ventriculomegaly and white matter hyperintensities with glymphatic dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: To investigate glymphatic function in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method and to explore the associations of ALPS index with ventriculomegaly and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

Materials And Methods: This study included 41 patients with iNPH and 40 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NCs). All participants underwent brain MRI.

A novel therapeutic strategy utilizing EpCAM aptamer-conjugated gemcitabine for targeting bladder cancer and cancer stem cells.

Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first line chemotherapy drug for bladder cancer (BCa). GEM's lack of specificity has led to disadvantages, resulting in low efficiency, especially when combined with the targeted treatment of BCa stem cells (CSCs), which is considered the cause of BCa recurrence and progression. To enhance the anti-cancer effect and reduce the side effects of GEM targeting of BCa cells/CSCs, an aptamer drug conjugate (ApDC) targeted delivery system was used to improve the efficiency of GEM in BCa therapy using EpCAM aptamer-GEM conjugates based on the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is highly expressed on the cell membrane of BCa cells/CSCs.

A synthetic biology approach for identifying de-SUMOylation enzymes of substrates.

A synthetic biology approach using a robust reconstitution system in Escherichia coli enables the identification of plant ubiquitin-like proteases responsible for removing the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) post-translational modifications from specific protein substrates.

Evaporation-Assisted Synthesis of Olympic Gels.

Catenated networks exclusively composed of intertwining rings were first envisioned as "Olympic gels" by Pierre-Gilles de Gennes four decades ago but have not been successfully prepared in artificial materials yet due to the challenge in synthesis. Herein, we present a bio-inspired, evaporation-assisted strategy to address this issue. In our design, the evaporation of liquid catalysts that induce ring-chain equilibrium of polymer systems drives macrocycles to encounter and assists their catenation through reversible cyclization.

Pharmacokinetic characterization and exposure-response relationship of crovalimab in the COMMODORE 1, 2 and 3 and COMPOSER trials of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

Aims: Crovalimab is a novel C5 inhibitor administered first intravenously and then subcutaneously in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) naive to complement inhibition or switching from eculizumab or ravulizumab. Crovalimab showed efficacy and safety comparable to eculizumab in the pivotal COMMODORE 2 and supporting studies.

Methods: We characterized crovalimab pharmacokinetics and the relationship between exposure pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic biomarkers, efficacy and safety endpoints using pooled data (healthy volunteers [n = 9], naive [n = 210] and switched [n = 211] patients).

Revisiting phosphoregulation of Cdc25C during M-phase induction.

Cdc25C undergoes a sudden and substantial gel mobility shift at M-phase onset, correlating with abrupt activation of both Cdc25C and Cdk1 activities. A positive feedback loop between Cdk1 and Cdc25C has been used to explain this hallmark phenomenon. Here, we demonstrate that the M-phase supershift and robust activation of Cdc25C are due to the site-comprehensive phosphorylation of its long intrinsically disordered regulatory domain without requiring Cdk1 or other major mitotic kinase activities.

The relationship between social media fatigue and online trolling behavior among college students: the mediating roles of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias.

Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), this study explores the relationship between social media fatigue and online trolling behavior among Chinese college students, focusing on the mediating roles of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias as key affective and cognitive mechanisms proposed by GAM. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 349 college students from Guangdong via an online questionnaire. Key variables, including social media fatigue, relative deprivation, and hostile attribution bias, were measured using validated scales: the SNS Fatigue Questionnaire, the Personal Relative Deprivation Scale, the Word Sentence Association Paradigm for Hostility, and the revised Global Assessment of Internet Trolling.

Nest Site Selection by Green Sea Turtles () and Implications for Conservation on Qilianyu, Xisha Islands, South China Sea.

The green sea turtle () is the only sea turtle species that breeds in China, and the largest remaining nesting grounds for green sea turtles in Chinese waters is found on the Qilianyu atoll of the Xisha Islands. Nesting site selection is particularly important for egg survival, and understanding the microhabitat characteristics of green sea turtle nesting sites is crucial for delineating priority conservation areas for nesting grounds. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of several microhabitat ecological factors in the selection of nesting sites and the success of nesting.

A phase-transited lysozyme coating doped with strontium on titanium surface for bone repairing via enhanced osteogenesis and immunomodulatory.

Introduction: Titanium is currently recognized as an excellent orthopedic implant material, but it often leads to poor osseointegration of the implant, and is prone to aseptic loosening leading to implant failure. Therefore, biofunctionalization of titanium surfaces is needed to enhance their osseointegration and immunomodulation properties to reduce the risk of implant loosening. We concluded that the utilization of PTL-Sr is a direct and effective method for the fabrication of multifunctional implants.

Tip-of-the-pen states in Mandarin handwriting: The effect of brief non-target language exposure.

The tip-of-the-pen (TOP) is a phenomenon in which individuals fail to completely retrieve the orthographic information of a known character, and mainly occurs in Mandarin (a non-alphabetic language in which the orthography is largely independent of the phonology). The present study examined whether and how long-term language experience and brief exposure to non-target language affected TOP rates in Mandarin handwriting. In Experiment 1, high and low proficiency Mandarin-English bilinguals completed a Mandarin character dictation task before and after watching a short English movie.

Effects of sample size information and within- and between-category similarity on study choices in self-regulated learning.

Category learning is usually better supported by interleaved training (alternating between exemplars from different categories) than by blocked training (studying all exemplars within a category sequentially), yet when asked to choose between the two strategies most people endorse blocking as superior. We used a prototype category-learning task to examine the effects of between- and within-category similarity and knowledge of the number of stimuli to be studied on study sequencing choices during self-regulated learning. Across three experiments (including a complete replication), participants who viewed the number of stimuli in each category showed more interleaving in comparison with those who did not, indicating that participants adjusted their strategy based on the projected length of the study phase.

A dendritic hexamer acceptor enables 19.4% efficiency with exceptional stability in organic solar cells.

To achieve the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs), it is crucial not only to enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) but also to improve device stability through rational molecular design. Recently emerging giant molecular acceptor (GMA) materials offer various advantages, such as precise chemical structure, high molecular weight (beneficial to film stability under several external stress), and impressive device efficiency, making them a promising candidate. Here, we report a dendritic hexamer acceptor developed through a branch-connecting strategy, which overcomes the molecular weight bottleneck of GMAs and achieves a high production yield over 58%.

Lattice thermal conductivity in CrSBr: the effects of interlayer interaction, magnetic ordering and external strain.

With the continuous development of digital information and big data technologies, the ambient temperature and heat generation during the operation of magnetic storage devices play an increasingly crucial role in ensuring data security and device stability. In this study, we conducted a thorough investigation on in-plane lattice thermal conductivity of the van der Waals (vdWs) magnetic semiconductor CrSBr from bulk to monolayer using first-principles calculations and phonon Boltzmann transport equation. Our findings indicated that CrSBr show strong anisotropic thermal transport behaviors and layer number and magnetic ordering dependent lattice thermal conductivity.

Shifts of abundance and community composition of nitrifying microbes along the Changjiang Estuary to the East China Sea.

Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate via nitrite, links nitrogen fixation and nitrogen loss processes, playing key roles in coastal nitrogen cycle. However, few studies have simultaneously examined both ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing microbes. This work investigated the abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) using archaeal amoA gene, bacterial amoA gene, and NOB nxrB gene, respectively, through q-PCR and Sanger sequencing along the Changjiang Estuary salinity gradient.

Enhanced room temperature ammonia gas sensing based on a multichannel PSS-functionalized graphene/PANI network.

Disordered polymerization of polymers widens the polymerization degree distribution, which leads to uncontrollable thickness and significantly weakens their sensing performance. Herein, poly(sodium -styrenesulfonate)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PSS-rGO) with multichannel chain structures coated with thin polyaniline layer (PSS-rGO/PANI) nanocomposites was synthesized a facile interfacial polymerization route. The morphology and microstructure of the PSS-rGO/PANI nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).