Variations and Opportunities in Postnatal Management of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.

Importance: Preventive efforts in pregnancy-related alloimmunization have considerably decreased the prevalence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). International studies are therefore essential to obtain a deeper understanding of the postnatal management and outcomes of HDFN. Taken together with numerous treatment options, large practice variations among centers may exist.

Like, share, and follow!: Usage of social media by pathology residency programs in the COVID-19 era.

Objectives: Social media platforms like Facebook, X (formally Twitter), and Instagram bridge pathology programs with other health professionals, prospective students, and the public, but the extent of social media usage by residency programs remains unexplored. This study investigates the current landscape of social media utilization by pathology programs.

Methods: Using the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match Data from 2022, 139 anatomic and clinical pathology residency programs were analyzed and categorized into 3 prestige tiers based on Doximity ratings.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum: Mortality and Associated Outcomes.

Data on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). The objective of this study was to describe the use of ECMO and the associated outcomes in patients with PAIVS. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PAIVS who received ECMO between 2009 and 2019 in 19 US hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Research for the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (CoRe-PCICS).

Brief Report: Internalized Poverty-Related Stigma and Interpersonal Violence Among Women Living With HIV in the United States.

Background: Interpersonal violence (IPV) affects half of women living with HIV (WLHIV) in the United States and has important consequences for mental health and HIV outcomes. Although different types of stigmas (eg, HIV- or sexual identity-related) are associated with increased risk of IPV, the relationship between poverty-related stigma and IPV is unclear, even though poverty frequently co-occurs with IPV.

Methods: Data from up to 4 annual visits (2016-2020) were collected from 374 WLHIV enrolled in a substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (now known as Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study) at 4 sites across the United States.

Neuropsychological test performance in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We sought to characterize the cognitive profile among individuals with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) to help guide future clinical criteria.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis included MCI-LB studies with cognitive data from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (January 1990 to March 2023). MCI-LB scores were compared to controls, MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) groups with random-effects models.

Using a Group Stimulus Preference Assessment to Design an Effective Group Contingency.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to extend the limited research on group stimulus preference assessment (SPA) procedures. The study occurred in two sections of a middle school special education classroom and included 20 students with multi-categorical disabilities. A paired stimulus group SPA was used to identify a preference hierarchy for each class, and results were validated using single case designs in which baseline conditions were compared to group contingency conditions with alternating sessions of the highest-preferred (high-p) and lowest-preferred (low-p) consequences.

Cross-resistance between strain AFS009 metabolites (Howler EVO) and fludioxonil in .

Howler EVO is a biological fungicide based on metabolites of the bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009. One of the metabolites, pyrrolnitrin (PRN), is a chemical analogue of the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil used to manage gray mold of fruit crops caused by Botrytis cinerea. Resistance to fludioxonil in B.

Review of advances in glycan analysis on exosomes, cancer cells, and circulating cancer-derived glycoproteins with an emphasis on electrochemistry.

Glycosylation, the intricate process of adding carbohydrate motifs to proteins, lipids, and exosomes on the cell surface, is crucial for both physiological and pathological mechanisms. Alterations in glycans significantly affect cancer cell metastasis by mediating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The subtle changes in glycosylation during malignant transformations highlight the importance of analyzing cell and exosome surface glycosylation for prognostic and early treatment strategies in cancer.

Longitudinal relations among online social activities, peer relationship problems, and well-being in children: The moderating effect of extraversion.

Prior research has predominantly examined the relations between online social activities (OSA) and mental health among adolescents and adults, with comparatively less emphasis placed on children, particularly concerning positive indicators of subjective health, such as well-being. The relations between OSA and well-being are likely intricate and necessitate meticulously designed methodologies to investigate the associations and their underlying mechanisms. This longitudinal study employed the random intercept cross-lagged panel models to explore the dynamic relations between OSA and well-being, considering peer relationship problems as a potential mediator and extraversion as a moderator of the associations, while distinguishing between- and within-person effects.

The impact of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavoring on e-cigarette uptake, cigarette smoking reduction, and cessation: A secondary analysis of a nationwide clinical trial.

Introduction: The impact of e-cigarette flavoring on e-cigarette uptake and switching to e-cigarettes among adults who smoke is critical to e-cigarette regulation in the United Sates. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess the impact of e-cigarette flavoring choice on e-cigarette uptake and changes in cigarette smoking in a large nationwide trial of e-cigarette provision in the United States.

Methods: A free four-week supply of e-cigarettes was provided with minimal instructions to use to adults who smoke (N = 427).

FibroScan Discordance With Liver Biopsy Significantly Overestimates Advanced Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in MASLD Subjects With Class 3 Obesity: Implications for Resmetirom Eligibility.

Goals: To investigate the effect of obesity on the stages of fibrosis discordance between FibroScan and liver biopsy.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Accurate fibrosis assessment is essential in MASLD patients for prognosis and treatment.

What's Eating You? Hookworm and Cutaneous Larva Migrans.

Hookworm infection represents a major global disease burden, in terms of both morbidity and economic impact, and there has been a resurgence of hookworms in developed nations where these parasites were once thought to be eradicated. Hookworms can infest humans or other mammals as their primary hosts depending on the species. The 2 most common species that seek human hosts-Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale-enter the body through the epidermis, and hookworm infection may manifest as a pruritic and papular inflammatory reaction know as ground itch.

Endovascular laser fenestration of a frozen elephant trunk stent graft for treatment of chronic cerebral malperfusion.

Objectives: Mal-deployment of the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) stent graft during a frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure for an acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) leads to devastating complications. We report a hemiarch replacement with TEVAR stent graft covering the aortic arch vessels salvaged through an endovascular approach.

Methods: A 69-year-old man with ATAAD in 2018, status post-hemiarch repair with TEVAR, presented in 2023 with progressive dizziness/syncope and lower extremity hypertension with inability to tolerate anti-hypertensives.

Secure privacy-preserving record linkage system from re-identification attack.

Privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) technology, crucial for linking records across datasets while maintaining privacy, is susceptible to graph-based re-identification attacks. These attacks compromise privacy and pose significant risks, such as identity theft and financial fraud. This study proposes a zero-relationship encoding scheme that minimizes the linkage between source and encoded records to enhance PPRL systems' resistance to re-identification attacks.

Family and Home Environment Predictors of Children's 24-Hour Movement Guideline Adherence: A Mixed-Methods Study.

During summer, children may meet fewer 24 hours Movement Guidelines (24 hr-MGs) [moderate-vigorous physical activity (PA): ≥60 minutes/day, screen time: ≤2 hours/day, sleep: 9-11 hours/day) compared with the school year. Structured environments within community settings (, summer programs) support guideline adherence. Information about the relationship between structured home environments and 24 hr-MGs is needed.

Tired of being tired: Black college students' experiences of racial battle fatigue from highly publicized anti-Black violence.

The highly publicized murders of Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and Ahmaud Arbery in 2020 sparked public outrage and widespread discussion around anti-Black violence. While some studies have examined the effects of anti-Black violence exposure on mental health outcomes, there is a paucity of research that explores how these racially charged events contribute to cumulative stress and "weathering" for Black people, particularly. Informed by racial battle fatigue theory, this in-depth qualitative study explored the lived experiences of 30 Black male and female undergraduate college students (aged 18-28) exposed to highly publicized acts of anti-Black violence.

Cochlear Implant Electrode Placement and Music Perception.

Importance: Cochlear implants enable improvements in speech perception, but music perception outcomes remain variable. Image-guided cochlear implant programming has emerged as a potential programming strategy for increasing the quality of spectral information delivered through the cochlear implant to improve outcomes.

Objectives: To perform 2 experiments, the first of which modeled the variance in music perception scores as a function of electrode positioning factors, and the second of which evaluated image-guided cochlear implant programming as a strategy to improve music perception with a cochlear implant.

Noise Exposure History and Age-Related Changes to Hearing.

Importance: Noise exposure is a major modifiable risk factor for hearing loss, yet it is not known whether it affects the rate of hearing decline in aging.

Objective: To determine the association of noise exposure history with the rate of pure-tone threshold change per year.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the ongoing community-based Medical University of South Carolina Longitudinal Cohort Study of Age-Related Hearing Loss (1988 to present with the sample based in Charleston, South Carolina, and surrounding area).

Shared Local Oncology Care After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although sharing care with local oncologists after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been proposed for patients living far from HCT centers, it is not known whether a shared strategy is safe or improves patient quality of life (QOL).

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of sharing follow-up care after HCT between the HCT specialty center and local oncologists.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a multicenter collaborative randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing HCT at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI)-a high volume HCT center in Boston (Massachusetts)-and 8 local oncology practices.

Understanding the Role of Trust in Healthcare and Intentions to Pursue Live Donor Kidney Transplant Among African American End Stage Kidney Disease Patients.

African Americans (AAs) with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) experience significant barriers to accessing living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), largely due to individual and systemic factors, including a lack of trust in healthcare systems resulting from a legacy of and continued experiences with medical racism. This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from 416 AA patients with ESKD undergoing transplant evaluation in 2019-2023 at two kidney transplant centers in the Southeast United States, examining whether trust (specifically trust in kidney doctors, hospitals, and healthcare) modifies the relationship between attitudes towards LDKT and behavioral intentions to discuss LDKT with family and friends. Multivariable analyses revealed significant interactions.

Advances in Analytical Methodologies for Detecting Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS): A Review.

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have historically been difficult compounds to analyze in forensic toxicology. The identification, detection and quantitation of these analytes and their metabolites has been difficult due to their rapid emergence, short life span and various potencies. Advancements in analytical instrumentation are fundamental to mitigating these NPS challenges by providing reliable identification and sensitivity.

Impact of lung allocation policy change on Hispanic lung transplant outcomes: Addressing disparities and improving access.

Objective: Racial disparities in organ allocation may result in differential survival for marginalized groups. This study aims to examine the impact of the November 2017 lung allocation policy change (LAPC) on trends and outcomes of Hispanic lung transplant (LT) recipients.

Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing database was used to identify adult (older than age 18 years) LT recipients between January 2010 and March 2023.

Validation of the inadequate delivery of oxygen index in an adult cardiovascular intensive care unit.

Objective: Machine learning (ML) may allow for improved discernment of hemodynamics and oxygen delivery compared to standard invasive monitoring. We hypothesized that an ML algorithm could predict impaired delivery of oxygen (IDO) with comparable discrimination to invasive mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO) measurement.

Methods: A total of 230 patients not on mechanical circulatory support (MCS) managed with a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) were identified from 1012 patients admitted to a single cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) between April 2021 and January 2022.