Strong Association Between HIV Incidence and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Zambia and South Africa: Prospective Data From the HPTN 071 (PopART) Trial.

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) is an important cofactor for HIV acquisition and transmission. Associations between the infections are reexamined in longitudinal data from an HIV prevention trial.

Methods: The HPTN 071 (PopART) trial evaluated a combination prevention intervention in 21 urban communities in Zambia and South Africa.

Prevalence of co-occurring conditions among youths receiving treatment with primary anxiety, ADHD, or depressive disorder diagnoses.

Introduction: Anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are some of the most common conditions that youths (<18 years old) receive mental health treatment for. These conditions are associated with high-risk substance use or substance use disorders (SUDs). This study sought to identify the proportion of youths (<18 years old) with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, or ADHD as a primary diagnosis in community mental health centers (CMHCs) having co-occurring high-risk substance use or a SUD.

Non-language neuropsychological measures increase sensitivity of identifying language reorganization in patients with epilepsy: a pilot study.

Objective: To examine neuropsychological characteristic differences between typical and atypical language dominance in adult persons with epilepsy (PWE) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), including exploring the impact of selected clinical variables on detection of atypical language and neuropsychological performance.

Methods: Adults with intractable epilepsy and MTS ( = 39) underwent comprehensive, pre-surgical evaluation including fMRI and neuropsychological assessment. Participants with concordant lateralization of MTS and seizure onset were included.

Target site mutations and metabolic detoxification of insecticides in continental populations of Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

In recent decades, the common and the tropical bed bugs have experienced a resurgence in many parts of the world. The evolution of insecticide resistance in bed bug populations is considered a significant factor contributing to this resurgence. We analyzed samples of Cimex lectularius L.

Cardiovascular safety of 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in colorectal cancer patients: real-world evidence.

Background: Fluoropyrimidines, including 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine, are the most common chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal carcinoma. Although previous studies have suggested varying degrees of cardiotoxicity with these drugs, there is a notable lack of large-scale investigations with appropriate control groups. This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular outcome among colorectal carcinoma patients treated with fluoropyrimidines.

A novel human fetal lung-derived alveolar organoid model reveals mechanisms of surfactant protein C maturation relevant to interstitial lung disease.

Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells maintain lung health by acting as stem cells and producing pulmonary surfactant. AT2 dysfunction underlies many lung diseases, including interstitial lung disease (ILD), in which some inherited forms result from the mislocalization of surfactant protein C (SFTPC) variants. Lung disease modeling and dissection of the underlying mechanisms remain challenging due to complexities in deriving and maintaining human AT2 cells ex vivo.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire: A Novel Patient Reported Outcome for Skin Disease in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire (SSQ), a novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) to assess systemic sclerosis (SSc) related skin symptoms.

Methods: The SSQ was administered to 799 adults (mean age 52.7; 82% female) enrolled in the SSc Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER).

Appropriate Use Criteria for Neoplastic Compression Fractures.

Background Context: Clinical outcomes are directly related to patient selection and treatment indications for improved quality of life. With emphasis on quality and value, it is essential that treatment recommendations are optimized.

Purpose: The purpose of the North American Spine Society (NASS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) is to determine the appropriate (ie, reasonable) multidisciplinary treatment recommendations for patients with metastatic neoplastic vertebral fractures across a spectrum of more common clinical scenarios.

Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on dorsal medial striatal neurons receiving convergent inputs from the orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala.

Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered function of cortical-amygdala-striatal circuits such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and their connections to the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) shown to be involved in goal-directed actions. Using retrobead tracing, we previously reported enhanced excitability of DMS-projecting OFC neurons in mice following 3-to-7-day withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure. In the same animals, spiking of DMS-projecting BLA neurons was decreased at 3-days post-withdrawal followed by an increase in firing at 7- and 14-days.

Clinically Advancing BDK Inhibitors.

The physiopathology of cardiac and related disorders is strongly associated with BCAA metabolic imbalance. BDK, a negative regulator of the BCKDH complex, is significant in BCAA catabolic dysfunction. A Clinically potential BDK inhibitor, PF-07328948, with excellent drug-like properties, is under phase-1 clinical trials for CVD metabolic disorders.

Gene therapy ameliorates bowel dysmotility and enteric neuron degeneration and extends survival in lysosomal storage disorder mouse models.

Children with neurodegenerative disease often have debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms. We hypothesized that this may be due at least in part to underappreciated degeneration of neurons in the enteric nervous system (ENS), the master regulator of bowel function. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated mouse models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 1 and 2 (CLN1 and CLN2 disease, respectively), neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiencies in palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 and tripeptidyl peptidase-1, respectively.

Design Rational for Total Ankle Arthroplasty: An Update.

The design of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) systems is rapidly evolving as device companies try to keep pace with the expansion of surgical indications and a refinement of techniques for TAA. Even since the publication of the latest "update," published in 2018, three new designs and three updates on preexisting third-generation implants came onto the market. Improvements in third-generation TAA systems include minimal bone resection, retaining ligamentous support, and anatomic balancing.

Gender Disparities and Lung Cancer Screening Outcomes Among Individuals Who Have Never Smoked.

Importance: Lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked (INS) is a growing global concern, with a rapidly increasing incidence and proportion among all lung cancer cases. Particularly in East Asia, opportunistic lung cancer screening (LCS) programs targeting INS have gained popularity. However, the sex-specific outcomes and drawbacks of screening INS remain unexplored, with data predominantly focused on women.

General Kernel Machine Methods for Multi-Omics Integration and Genome-Wide Association Testing With Related Individuals.

Integrating multi-omics data may help researchers understand the genetic underpinnings of complex traits and diseases. However, the best ways to integrate multi-omics data and use them to address pressing scientific questions remain a challenge. One important and topical problem is how to assess the aggregate effect of multiple genomic data types (e.

Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.

Background: Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.

Factors associated with willingness to perform expedited excisional treatment for patients at high risk for cervical precancer.

Background: The 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines prefer expedited treatment, defined as proceeding to excisional treatment without first performing colposcopic biopsy, for patients with screening results indicating a high risk of cervical precancer. In this mixed methods study, we explored clinician attitudes toward expedited treatment.

Methods: In 2021, a national sample of 671 clinicians who performed colposcopy completed surveys; a subset (n = 41) of clinicians who performed colposcopy and/or directed patient treatment completed qualitative interviews.

Influence of Deposition Temperature on Cu-BDC Surface-Anchored Metal-Organic Framework Formation.

Surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks (surMOFs) are crystalline, nanoporous, supramolecular materials mounted to substrates that have the potential for integration within device architectures relevant for a variety of electronic, photonic, sensing, and gas storage applications. This research investigates the thin film formation of the Cu-BDC (copper benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) MOF system on a carboxylic acid-terminated self-assembled monolayer by alternating deposition of solution-phase inorganic and organic precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization demonstrate that crystalline Cu-BDC thin films are formed via Volmer-Weber growth.

Self-reported exertional heat illness and risk factors among collegiate marching band artists.

Marching band (MB) artists are often part of the general student population and not required to complete a pre-participation health screening to identify predisposing medical conditions or risks for injury/illness. Anecdotally, exertional heat illnesses (EHI) are a concern for MB artists. As more athletic trainers provide MB healthcare, research is needed on EHI occurrence and MB associated EHI risk factors.

Adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and syringe services program attendance among persons who inject drugs in Northeast Georgia, USA: A mediation analysis.

Background: Syringe services programs (SSP) are evidence-based venues offering harm reduction services to persons who inject drugs (PWID), such as sterile syringes, STI/HIV testing, and linkage to care to decrease drug use-related morbidities and mortalities. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with reduced resilience, while increased resilience can help PWID attend SSPs. This study examined the potential mediating role of resilience between ACEs and SSP attendance among PWID.

The Albright-Losee Low Profile Pivot Shift Test for ACL Deficiency.

Background: Recognizing ACL injuries on the field and in the office can be very challenging in awake and apprehensive patients. Despite high specificity, many published "pivot-shift" techniques have limited acceptance mainly because of unsatisfactory sensitivity. We describe in detail, four specific modifications and provide a critical review of our clinical experiences to empower the new user's readiness to master a novel screening procedure for ACL disruption.

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of the literature surrounding the effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation on exercise performance, recovery, and brain health. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation for athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners regarding the effects of supplemental ω-3 PUFA in healthy and athletic populations. The following conclusions represent the official position of the ISSN: Athletes may be at a higher risk for ω-3 PUFA insufficiency.

Distinct Behavioral Profiles and Neuronal Correlates of Heroin Vulnerability Versus Resiliency in a Multi-Symptomatic Model of Heroin Use Disorder in Rats.

Objective: The behavioral and diagnostic heterogeneity within the opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis is not readily captured in current animal models, limiting the translational relevance of the mechanistic research that is conducted in experimental animals. The authors hypothesized that a nonlinear clustering of OUD-like behavioral traits would capture population heterogeneity and yield subpopulations of OUD vulnerable rats with distinct behavioral and neurocircuit profiles.

Methods: Over 900 male and female heterogeneous stock rats, a line capturing genetic and behavioral heterogeneity present in humans, were assessed for several measures of heroin use and rewarded and non-rewarded seeking behaviors.

Recommendations for Specialty Palliative APRN Graduate Education.

Background: Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are essential to care for the growing number of individuals with advanced illness given the shortage of palliative care clinicians.

Problem: Graduate education for specialty practice palliative APRNs lacks consistency in structure, content, and standardization of specialty palliative APRN education.

Approach: A workgroup of expert palliative APRNs and graduate faculty conducted focused discussions and a literature review to develop consensus recommendations based on national palliative APRN competencies and aligned with the 8 core concepts of the AACN Essentials.