A Glossary of Terms in Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare.

In recent decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has infiltrated a variety of domains, including media, education, and medicine. There exists no glossary, lexicon, or reference for the uninitiated medical professional to explore the new terminology. As AI-driven technologies and applications become more available for clinical use in healthcare settings, an understanding of basic components, models, and tasks related to AI is crucial for clinical and academic appraisal.

Advanced technology in shoulder arthroplasty surgery: Artificial intelligence, extended reality, and robotics.

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the integration of technological advancements in orthopedic shoulder surgery. Recent technological advancements in orthopedic shoulder surgery include predictive analytics, computer-navigated instrumentation for operative planning, extended reality, and robotics. Separately, these advancements provide distinct methodological attempts to improve surgical experiences and outcomes.

Readability of online patient education materials for shoulder instability surgery in English and Spanish.

Background: Online patient education materials (OPEMs) exist to inform patient medical decisions, yet the average adult in the United States reads at an eighth-grade level and 50% of Medicaid patients read at or below a fifth-grade level. To appropriately meet US health literacy needs, the American Medical Association and National Institutes of Health recommend that patient education materials not exceed a sixth-grade level. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the readability of English and Spanish online patient education materials pertaining to shoulder instability surgery.

Prevalence of Adolescents Meeting Criteria for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

Background And Objectives: The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) as a safe and effective treatment of severe obesity in children with class 3 obesity or with class 2 obesity and qualifying comorbidities. The study objective was to determine eligibility and characteristics of adolescents who qualify for MBS based on American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic health record data of 603 051 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021.

Use of Preoperative CT Scans and Patient-Specific Instrumentation May Not Improve Short-Term Adverse Events After Shoulder Arthroplasty: Results from a Large Integrated Health-Care System.

Unlabelled: Ongoing innovation leads to a continuous influx of new technologies related to shoulder arthroplasty. These are made available to surgeons and marketed to both health-care providers and patients with the hope of improving outcomes. We sought to evaluate how preoperative planning technologies for shoulder arthroplasty affect outcomes.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Practices in Two Large Integrated Health Systems in California, 2009-2018.

Background: Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is highly effective at preventing active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Understanding LTBI treatment practices in US health system settings is critical to identify opportunities to improve treatment prescription, initiation, and completion, and thus to prevent TB disease.

Methods: We assessed LTBI treatment practices among a cohort of adults after their first positive LTBI test (tuberculin skin test [TST] or interferon gamma release assay [IGRA]) between 2009 and 2018 at 2 large integrated health systems in California.

Dementia and readmission risk in patients with heart failure participating in a transitional care program.

Background: Cognitive impairment is prevalent in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). We aimed to generate further evidence on the value of dementia screening in hospitalized HF patients by examining whether and when dementia would be an independent risk factor for 30-day readmission while modeling permutations of known risk factors such as patient demographics, disease burden, prior utilization, and index hospitalization characteristics.

Methods And Results: A retrospective cohort study was employed, consisting of 26,128 patients (2,075 or 7.

Complications in Olecranon Fracture Surgery: A Comparison of Tension Band Vs. Plate Osteosynthesis.

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of complications associated with tension band wiring (TBW) versus plate osteosynthesis (POS) in the treatment of olecranon fractures.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of operatively treated adult olecranon fractures from an integrated healthcare system by multiple surgeons from January 2008 to December 2011. Patients were divided into two cohorts: fractures fixed using the tension band technique and fractures fixed using plate osteosynthesis.

High-risk HPV testing improves accuracy in detection of CIN2+ lesions in ASC-H postmenopausal women? An academic hospital experiences.

Reflex human papilloma virus (HPV) testing with "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous lesion (ASC-H)" cytologic diagnosis is not recommended by American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines. Studies have shown human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative ASC-H patients of increased age are low risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse (CIN2+) lesions on colposcopic follow-up. We retrospectively assessed the efficacy of reflex HPV testing in postmenopausal women with ASC-H in the Los Angeles County hospitals and clinics in a 5-year period.

Remission and Relapse of Dyslipidemia After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population.

Importance: The comparative effectiveness of the most common operations in the long-term management of dyslipidemia is not clear.

Objective: To compare 4-year outcomes associated with vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for remission and relapse of dyslipidemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective comparative effectiveness study was conducted from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2016, with follow-up until December 31, 2018.

Identifying Cases of Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) in the United States: Development and Validation of a Natural Language Processing Method.

Background: Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) accounts for more than half of all claims received by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. However, due to the difficulty of finding SIRVA cases in large health care databases, population-based studies are scarce.

Objective: The goal of the research was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) method to identify SIRVA cases from clinical notes.

Changes in the Incidence of Retinal Vascular Occlusions After COVID-19 Diagnosis.

Importance: COVID-19 is associated with systemic vascular damage; however, the risk posed to the retinal vasculature remains incompletely understood.

Objective: To assess if there is a change in the incidence of retinal vascular occlusions after COVID-19 infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study at an integrated health care organization (Kaiser Permanente Southern California) included patients without a history of retinal vascular occlusion who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between January 20, 2020, and May 31, 2021.

Comparative effectiveness of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease 5 years after surgery.

Background: Comparative evidence is needed when deciding which bariatric operation to undergo for long-term cardiovascular risk reduction.

Objectives: The Effectiveness of Gastric Bypass vs. Gastric Sleeve for Cardiovascular Disease (ENGAGE CVD) study compared the effectiveness of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) operations for reduction of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association-predicted 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk 5 years after surgery.

Population-Based Incidence of New Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Cefaclor, and Sulfonamide Antibiotic "Allergies" in Exposed Individuals with and without Preexisting Ampicillin, Cephalexin, or Cefaclor "Allergies".

Background: There is a theoretical concern, unconfirmed by population-based challenge data, that clinically significant, immunologically mediated hypersensitivity occurs among β-lactams sharing side chains.

Objective: To determine the population-based allergy incidence associated with the use of β-lactams sharing exact R1 side chains (ampicillin, cephalexin, and cefaclor [ACC]), with or without a current ACC allergy or a sulfonamide antibiotic allergy for comparison.

Methods: All courses of ACC and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole used by any Kaiser Permanente California members in 2017 and 2018, with follow-up through January 2019, were identified along with their preexisting antibiotic allergy status and all new antibiotic-specific allergies reported within 30 days of course initiation.

Systemic Mastocytosis: Advances in Diagnosis and Current Management.

Mastocytosis is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in various body sites. Isolated skin involvement is termed cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) and the term systemic mastocytosis (SM) refers to multi-organ involvement, most commonly of the bone marrow, skin, liver, and spleen. A subset of patients with SM have an associated clonal hematologic neoplasm which is most commonly myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, or acute myelogenous leukemia and this entity is termed SM with associated hematological neoplasm (AHN).

Minimum Threshold of Bariatric Surgical Weight Loss for Initial Diabetes Remission.

Objective: There are few studies testing the amount of weight loss necessary to achieve initial remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following bariatric surgery and no published studies with use of weight loss to predict initial T2DM remission in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) patients.

Research Design And Methods: With Cox proportional hazards models we examined the relationship between initial T2DM remission and percent total weight loss (%TWL) after bariatric surgery. Categories of %TWL were included in the model as time-varying covariates.

Platinum resistance in gynecologic malignancies: Response, disease free and overall survival are predicted by biochemical signature: A metabolomic analysis.

Objective: Platinum resistance, defined as the lack of response or relapse within six months of platinum-based chemotherapy, is an important determinant of survival in gynecologic cancer. We used quantitative Mass Spectrometry to identify metabolic signatures that predict platinum resistance in patients receiving chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers.

Methods: In this study 47 patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary or uterus who were candidates for carboplatin plus paclitaxel submitted blood for quantitation of metabolites and surgical specimens for the isolation 3-dimensional organoids used to measure individual patient platinum resistance, ex vivo.

Comparative Effectiveness of Gastric Bypass and Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy for Hypertension Remission and Relapse: The ENGAGE CVD Study.

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Collection and Reporting of Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Arthroplasty Registries: Multinational Survey and Recommendations.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are validated questionnaires that are completed by patients. Arthroplasty registries vary in PROM collection and use. Current information about registry collection and use of PROMs is important to help improve methods of PROM data analysis, reporting, comparison, and use toward improving clinical practice.

Association Between Removal of a Warning Against Cephalosporin Use in Patients With Penicillin Allergy and Antibiotic Prescribing.

Importance: Electronic health records (EHRs) often include default alerts that can influence physician selection of antibiotics, which in turn may be associated with a suboptimal choice of agents and increased antibiotic resistance.

Objective: To examine whether removal of a default alert in the EHR to avoid cephalosporin use in patients with penicillin allergies is associated with changes in cephalosporin dispensing or administration in these patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study of a natural experiment included data on patients who had received antibiotic treatment in the hospital or outpatient setting in 2 regions of a large, integrated health system in California from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018.