Australian occupational therapists' perspectives about the management of driving safety concerns for older people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Driving safety may be compromised in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Occupational therapists assess and screen for driving safety in older people with cognitive impairment. However, little is known about their perspectives relating to these assessments.

A Comparison of Glucose and Additional Signals for Three Different Exercise Types in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using a Hybrid Closed-Loop System.

To compare glycemic outcomes during and following moderate-intensity exercise (MIE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIE), and resistance exercise (RE) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using a hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin pump while measuring additional physiological signals associated with activity. Twenty-eight adolescents (average age 16.3 ± 2.

Balancing precision and affordability in assessing infant development in large-scale mortality trials: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Large-scale mortality trials require reliable secondary assessments of impairment. We compared the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), a screening tool self-administered by parents, in classifying impairment using the 'gold standard' Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III), a diagnostic tool administered by trained assessors.

Design: Analysis of 405 children around 2 years corrected age from the Australian Placental Transfusion Study, a trial conducted over 8 years.

Geospatial mapping of drug-resistant tuberculosis prevalence in Africa at national and sub-national levels.

Objective: To map subnational and local prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) across Africa.

Methods: We assembled a geolocated dataset from 173 sources across 31 African countries, comprising drug susceptibility test results and covariate data from publicly available databases. We used Bayesian model-based geostatistical framework with multivariate Bayesian logistic regression model to estimate DR-TB prevalence at lower administrative levels.

Sex-specific associations between feto-placental growth and maternal physical activity volume and sitting time: Findings from the Queensland Family Cohort study.

Introduction: Antenatal physical activity (PA) is associated with beneficial changes in placental growth and function; however, the effect of excessive sitting time is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether feto-placental growth changes with maternal activity, and whether these associations differ in a sex-specific manner.

Methods: This study included women enrolled in the Queensland Family Cohort study who self-reported PA and sitting time at 24 or 36 weeks of gestation.

Equipping residential aged care facilities for acute respiratory illness: The Western Sydney experience of improving outbreak management.

Objectives: Acute respiratory illnesses have a disproportionate impact on older people, and especially those living in residential aged care facilities where transmission risks are heightened. Additionally, staff in these facilities have been working under challenging conditions, often ill-equipped in terms of both training and resources to successfully manage the outbreaks of these illnesses. This paper examines the actions of an Australian public health unit to improve influenza outbreak management in residential aged care facilities and critiques the outcomes through a contemporary lens.

Surgery for Olecranon Fractures in the Elderly (SOFIE): Results of the SOFIE Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The financial and resource burden of management of olecranon fractures in the elderly is likely to increase with an aging population. There is limited evidence guiding treatment choice in this cohort. This study aimed to determine whether operative treatment of displaced olecranon fractures in elderly patients provides superior 12-month functional outcomes compared to nonoperative treatment.

Superstable lipid vacuoles endow cartilage with its shape and biomechanics.

Conventionally, the size, shape, and biomechanics of cartilages are determined by their voluminous extracellular matrix. By contrast, we found that multiple murine cartilages consist of lipid-filled cells called lipochondrocytes. Despite resembling adipocytes, lipochondrocytes were molecularly distinct and produced lipids exclusively through de novo lipogenesis.

Randomised trial of same vs opposite arm co-administration of inactivated influenza and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.

Background: The immunogenicity of current influenza vaccines need improvement. Inactivated influenza and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines can be co-administered but randomized controlled trial data is lacking on whether the two vaccines are more immunogenic if given in the same or opposite arms. Murine studies suggest mRNA vaccines can adjuvant influenza vaccines when co-formulated and delivered together.

The General Acceptability and Use of Smartphone App-Delivered Interventions for Gambling in Australia.

Smartphones can extend the reach of evidence-based gambling treatment services, yet the general acceptability of app-delivered gambling interventions remains unknown. This study examined the general acceptability and use of app-delivered gambling interventions, and predictors of both, among 173 Australian adults with a lifetime gambling problem (48.5% male, M = 46.

Provision of continuous renal replacement therapy in children in intensive care in Australia and New Zealand.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe current use, clinical practice, and outcomes of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in children in the intensive care unit (ICU) in Australia and New Zealand.

Design: retrospective, binational registry-based cohort study and electronic survey of clinical practice.

Setting: ICUs that contribute to the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care Registry and a survey conducted in November 2021 including ICUs accredited for paediatric intensive care training that provide CRRT for children were part of this study.

Timing of adjunctive vasopressin initiation for septic shock patients and hospital mortality: A multicentre observational study.

Objective: The optimal timing of vasopressin initiation as an adjunctive vasopressor remains unclear. We aimed to study the association between the timing of vasopressin commencement, pre-specified physiological parameters, and hospital mortality.

Design: We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study.

A Genomic-Based Workflow for eDNA Assay Development for a Critically Endangered Turtle, .

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has become a popular conservation tool for detecting rare and elusive species. eDNA assays typically target mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) due to its high copy number per cell and its ability to persist in the environment longer than nuclear DNA. Consequently, the development of eDNA assays has relied on mitochondrial reference sequences available in online databases, or in cases where such data are unavailable, de novo DNA extraction and sequencing of mtDNA.

Intertwined people-nature relations are central to nature-based adaptation to climate change.

Adaptation to climate change is a social-ecological process: it is not solely a result of natural processes or human decisions but emerges from multiple relations within social systems, within ecological systems and between them. We propose a novel analytical framework to evaluate social-ecological relations in nature-based adaptation, encompassing social (people-people), ecological (nature-nature) and social-ecological (people-nature) relations. Applying this framework to 25 case studies, we analyse the associations among these relations and identify archetypes of social-ecological adaptation.

Development and formative evaluation of website-based tool to support healthy lifestyles in family day care.

Issue Addressed: Nutrition and physical activity practices in Australian family day care are suboptimal. A web-based tool was co-developed with family day care service providers and educators, health promotion staff and the New South Wales Ministry of Health to promote healthier nutrition and physical activity practices through an existing quality improvement process.

Methods: Formative evaluation was conducted in January-February 2023.

Pre-screening donor eligibility to avoid a deferral in the blood donation center: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The application of a temporary deferral when attempting to donate has a negative impact on retention. Little has been done to reduce the likelihood of a donor attending to donate, only to be found to be ineligible. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pre-screening donors when making an appointment, to prevent in-center deferrals.

Awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and care received among Australian women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current research suggests that general practitioners are unaware of women's HDP history, and although ideally placed to follow-up with these women, there is limited understanding of current CVD prevention practices in women after HDP. Additionally, preeclampsia confers a higher CVD risk compared to other types of HDP, and Australian research suggests that lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher incidence of both HDP and CVD.

One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction.

Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts.

The cratonic crust contains abundant mineral deposits of metals such as gold, copper and rare earths and is underlain by a thick mantle lithosphere rich in the volatiles carbon, sulfur and water. Although volatiles are known to be key components in metallogenesis, how and where they are distributed in the cratonic lithosphere mantle and their role in the initial enrichment of metals have not been sufficiently explored. Here we compile sulfur and copper contents of global cratonic peridotites, identifying sulfide-rich and copper-rich continental roots at depths of 160-190 km at cratonic margins.

Priorities for research on improving health behaviours for optimal mental health of Australian university students: A twin-panel Delphi study.

Issue Addressed: University students are at risk of poor health behaviours which negatively affect mental health and wellbeing. Informing the implementation of appropriate strategies to support Australian university students' health and wellbeing, requires quality evidence. This study aimed to identify research priorities for improving health behaviours to optimise mental health of Australian university students.

Consumer opinion on the use of machine learning in healthcare settings: A qualitative systematic review.

Introduction: Given the increasing number of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools in healthcare, we aimed to gain an understanding of consumer perspectives on the use of AI/ML tools for healthcare diagnostics.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review, following established standardized methods, of the existing literature indexed in the following databases up to 4 April 2022: OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science.

Results: Fourteen studies were identified as appropriate for inclusion in the meta-synthesis and systematic review.

An Exploration of Adults Transitioning Into Retirements' Perspectives on Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity.

Issue Addressed: Australian adults transitioning into retirement aged 55-75 years (> 50%) do not meet the World Health Organization recommendation of physical activity (PA). One potential strategy to promote PA is through vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). This study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators from adults transitioning to retirement about participation in VILPA and to identify strategies to promote and implement VILPA.

The effect of moisture during development on phenotypes of egg-laying reptiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The embryonic environment is critical for the development of many ectothermic vertebrates, which makes them highly vulnerable to environmental change. Changes in temperature and moisture, in particular, are known to influence embryo survival and offspring phenotypes. While most papers concerning phenotypic development of terrestrial ectotherms focus on the role of temperature on eggs and embryos, the comparatively small number of studies on the effects of substrate moisture are well suited for quantitative analysis aimed at guiding future research.