Cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma.

Cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma occurs almost exclusively on the head and neck and has a significant propensity for recurrence and metastasis. It is easily mistaken for benign conditions, resulting in inappropriate management. Thus, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion.

Development of Macroporous Chitosan Scaffolds for Eyelid Tarsus Tissue Engineering.

Background: Reconstruction of large eyelid defects remains challenging due to the lack of suitable eyelid tarsus tissue substitutes. We aimed to evaluate a novel bioengineered chitosan scaffold for use as an eyelid tarsus substitute.

Methods: Three-dimensional macroporous chitosan hydrogel scaffold were produced via cryogelation with specific biomechanical properties designed to directly match characteristics of native eyelid tarsus tissue.

The Microbiome of the Nasolacrimal System and Its Role in Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Purpose: Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common problem leading to epiphora, the pathophysiology of which remains unclear. Culture-based studies have found Staphylococcal species to be the most prevalent organisms, reported in 47% to 73% of patients with NLDO. Recently, culture-independent molecular methods of have allowed more comprehensive detailing of local microbiota.

Triaging ophthalmology outpatient referrals with machine learning: A pilot study.

Importance: Triaging of outpatient referrals to ophthalmology services is required for the maintenance of patient care and appropriate resource allocation. Machine learning (ML), in particular natural language processing, may be able to assist with the triaging process.

Background: To determine whether ML can accurately predict triage category based on ophthalmology outpatient referrals.

Creatine is Neuroprotective to Retinal Neurons In Vitro But Not In Vivo.

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective properties of creatine in the retina using in vitro and in vivo models of injury.

Methods: Two different rat retinal culture systems (one containing retinal ganglion cells [RGC] and one not) were subjected to either metabolic stress, via treatments with the mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor sodium azide, or excitotoxic stress, via treatment with N-methyl-D-aspartate for 24 hours, in the presence or absence of creatine (0.5, 1.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak From the Orbital Roof During Orbital Exenteration.

Cerebrospinal fluid leaks are rarely encountered by orbital surgeons, but can occur during dacryocystorhinostomy, orbital decompression, orbital exenteration, and enucleation. The authors present a case of cerebrospinal fluid leak from an injury to the orbital roof during orbital exenteration with the use of monopolar cautery. This was repaired with multilayer closure.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus topical medication as initial glaucoma treatment: the glaucoma initial treatment study randomised clinical trial.

Background/aims: To determine if selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is superior to topical medication as a first-line treatment for glaucoma on quality of life (QoL) and clinical outcomes.

Methods: In this international, longitudinal, multisite randomised controlled trial, treatment naïve mild-to-moderate primary open angle or exfoliation glaucoma patients were randomised 1:1 to SLT or topical medication. Glaucoma-specific QoL (primary outcome) was measured using the Glaucoma Outcomes Assessment Tool (GOAT; 342 items, 12 domains).

Time-resolved three-dimensional technique for dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography.

Importance: This study introduces a new technique in the assessment of nasolacrimal drainage with magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: To describe a new dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MRDCG) protocol and report normative findings on asymptomatic lacrimal drainage systems.

Design: A prospective observational study at the Royal Adelaide Hospital.

A review of aqueous outflow resistance and its relevance to microinvasive glaucoma surgery.

Primary open-angle glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and intraocular pressure reduction remains the only proven treatment strategy. Elevated intraocular pressure occurs as the result of impaired aqueous humor outflow. Both a passive model and a dynamic model have been used to explain trabecular outflow resistance.

Eyelid lesions in general practice.

Background: Patients with eyelid lesions often present in the primary healthcare setting. Although most eyelid lumps are benign, accurate diagnosis and early recognition of sinister lesions leads to improved patient outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of common eyelid lesions presenting to the general practitioner.

Effectiveness of endoscopic versus external surgical approaches in the treatment of orbital complications of rhinosinusitis: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: This review aims to investigate and compare the effectiveness of endoscopic drainage techniques against external drainage techniques for the treatment of orbital and subperiosteal abscesses as a complication of rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: Transnasal endoscopic drainage and external drainage techniques have been used in the management of subperiosteal orbital abscesses secondary to rhinosinusitis. Each of these approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages, with extensive literature describing each technique separately.

Endoscopic orbital fat decompression for the management of proptosis in Grave's orbitopathy using a laryngeal skimmer blade.

Backgrounds/objectives: Intraoperative handling and manipulation of orbital fat remains a challenge to orbital surgeons. We present a case series of endoscopic orbital fat decompression with medial orbital wall decompression for proptosis management in Grave's orbitopathy, describing a technique for fat excision using a laryngeal skimmer blade, reporting clinical and surgical outcomes, and complications.

Subjects/methods: All patients who underwent endoscopic orbital fat decompression, with medial orbital wall decompression, for proptosis management in Grave's orbitopathy between 2011 and 2018, under the care of a single surgeon, were included in this retrospective interventional case series.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome presenting with bilateral optic disc swelling and leptomeningeal enhancement.

Vogt-Koynagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a clinical syndrome with classical ocular and extraocular findings that is not uncommonly described in Asian, Middle-Eastern and South American populations. We describe a case of VKH in an elderly Polish-Australian distinguished by prominent bilateral disc swelling rather than uveitis and marked leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI which led to extensive investigation including brain biopsy. Both disc oedema and MRI abnormalities improved dramatically with systemic steroid therapy.