DCR for nasolacrimal duct stenosis may be less effective than for complete obstruction.

Objectives: To ascertain the success of endo-DCR in nasolacrimal duct stenosis (NLDS) versus nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).

Methods: Consecutive adult patients with epiphora attending a tertiary lacrimal clinic from February 2012 to February 2021 were reviewed. NLDS was diagnosed by patent lacrimal syringing and combined dacryocystography (NLD stenosis) and dacryoscintigraphy (post-sac delay) findings in all eyes.

Normative measurements of the superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles by magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Normative oblique muscle data may help to diagnose pathological enlargement of the oblique muscles. We aim to describe the normative values of the superior and inferior oblique muscles in an Australian cohort on T1-weighted MRI and fat suppressed contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent 3 T orbital MRI.

The use of the paramedian forehead flap alone or in combination with other techniques in the reconstruction of periocular defects and orbital exenterations.

Purpose: The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a reconstructive option for large eyelid defects and orbital exenterations. We report a series of cases where PMFF reconstruction was carried out at various institutions in Australia.

Methods: This study was a multi-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series investigating the clinical outcomes of the PMFF for reconstructing periocular defects and orbital exenterations.

Normative orbital measurements in an Australian cohort on computed tomography.

Purpose: To determine the normal diameters of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and optic nerve sheath complex (ONSD) and correlate with patient demographics in an Australian cohort.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) orbits between December 2017 and March 2021 were included. Patients with bilateral disease, previous orbital surgery, or poor scan quality were excluded.

Establishing human lacrimal gland cultures from biopsy-sized tissue specimens.

Objectives: To establish cultures of human lacrimal gland from patient-derived, biopsy-sized, tissue specimens.

Methods: Tissue was obtained after surgical removal from patients without dry eye disease undergoing routine procedures. Samples were subjected to mechanical and enzymatic digestion and resulting cell suspensions were plated onto collagen-coated glass coverslips and grown for up to 21 days.

Orbito-cranial schwannoma-a multicentre experience.

Objectives: To describe the features, management approaches, and outcomes of orbito-cranial schwannomas.

Methods: Retrospective review of ten patients with orbito-cranial schwannomas managed in six orbital services over 22 years. Data collected included demographics, presenting features, neuroimaging characteristics, histology, management approach, complications, and outcomes.

Hughes flap in the management of lower lid retraction.

Purpose: We present a retrospective case series on the use of Hughes flap in managing acquired cicatricial lower lid retraction.

Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective case series. Data was collected from medical records across different sites within Australia (Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney) and New Zealand (Hamilton).

Diagnostic Utility of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient for Common Orbital Lesions: A Review.

Purpose: To review and summarize the existing literature surrounding the clinical use of diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as diagnostic tools in differentiating common orbital lesions.

Methods: A systematic literature review on the use of ADC and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences for orbital imaging was performed. Only original research articles that reported ADC values for benign or malignant lesions were included.

Optic nerve infiltration in systemic non Hodgkin lymphoma.

Optic nerve infiltration secondary to systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a rare phenomenon. We present a 55-year-old man with low-grade systemic NHL who initially presented with an isolated optic neuropathy and non-specific neurological symptoms. We further present a literature review of systemic NHL with radiological evidence of optic nerve infiltration.

Bilateral lacrimal gland disease: clinical features and outcomes.

Background: Patients with bilateral lacrimal gland disease are a unique subset of patients where there is a paucity of literature. This presentation often represents systemic disease or malignancy and can cause diagnostic difficulties. We aim to describe the diagnoses and features of bilateral lacrimal gland disease.

Radiological characteristics of mixed composition intraorbital foreign body.

Orbital trauma is commonly complicated by retention of intraorbital foreign bodies. A 39-year-old man presented following a penetrating injury to the right orbit, with CT evidence of foreign bodies in the right anterior and posterior medial orbit. The foreign bodies were found to be a mixed composition of metal and wood.

Clinical and Radiological Features of Intramuscular Orbital Amyloidosis: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Purpose: Orbital amyloidosis of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) is a rare condition, and its clinicoradiological features are not well elucidated. This study describes the characteristic clinical signs, MRI features, and potential treatment options.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter case series and literature review of EOM amyloidosis.

Peripheral Hypertrophic Subepithelial Corneal Degeneration on a Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis Flap.

We describe the first reported case of a patient developing peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal degeneration (PHSCD) in the setting of previous femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Superficial keratectomy was performed successfully with the complete restoration of the visual acuity, no LASIK flap complications, and no recurrence of PHSCD at 1-year follow-up. Our case indicates that superficial keratectomy can be a safe and effective treatment for PHSCD in the setting of LASIK and raises awareness of the possibility of PHSCD developing in eyes that have undergone prior LASIK.

A survey of visual impairment and blindness in children attending eight schools for the blind in Myanmar: An update.

Purpose: To determine the causes of visual impairment (VI) and blindness among children in schools for the blind in Myanmar; to identify the avoidable causes of VI and blindness; to provide spectacles, low-vision aids, and ophthalmic treatment where indicated; to provide an update of the 2007 survey performed and identify any major epidemiological changes.

Methods: Two hundred and ninety children under 16 years of age from all eight schools for the blind in Myanmar were examined and the data entered into the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness Examination Record for Childhood Blindness.

Results: In total, 271 children (93.

Increased serum cortisol is associated with alterations in cross-sectional and topographic OCT parameters in diabetic retinopathy: a preliminary study.

Purpose: Cortisol, a steroid hormone, plays an essential role in metabolic processes of diabetes mellitus. This study for the first time evaluated the association of serum cortisol with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based cross-sectional and topographic parameters with severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A tertiary care center-based preliminary study was undertaken.

Intraorbital and intracranial extension of adenoid cystic carcinoma without clinical or radiological lacrimal gland involvement.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare epithelial neoplasm of the head and neck, most commonly found in the salivary glands. Orbital AdCC is an uncommon clinical entity arising from the lacrimal glands, however primary orbital AdCC has been previously described in a small number of case reports. The exact origin of the neoplasm with uninvolved lacrimal gland in the orbit is unknown, however it may arise from ectopic lacrimal or salivary gland tissue, or extension from nearby epithelial structures.

Granuloma Faciale Involving the Tarsoconjunctival Surface of the Eyelid.

We present the case of a Caucasian woman with a histology-confirmed granuloma faciale of the tarsoconjunctival surface of the eyelid. A 66-year-old female patient presented with a 1-week history of painless left upper eyelid mass without history of allergy, trauma, or ocular surgery. There was an elevated well-demarcated flesh-colored lesion within the tarsus.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Standard Versus Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking for Keratoconus: 1-Year Outcomes From the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of standard [Ultraviolet (UV) light power: 3 mW/cm2, duration: 30 minutes] versus accelerated (UV power: 9 mW/cm2, duration: 10 minutes) corneal crosslinking (CXL) for stabilizing keratoconus.

Methods: A total of 684 eyes (555 patients; mean age ± SD, 25.0 ± 7.