Eyebrow reconstruction.

This is a systematic review of eyebrow reconstruction options, using the PubMed database, as well as dermatology and plastic surgery texts. Eyebrow reconstruction options in various clinical scenarios (small, large, medial, lateral, and total defects) are presented. The goals of eyebrow reconstruction are to provide structural, functional, and aesthetic restoration.

Risk of Intraocular Bleeding With Novel Oral Anticoagulants Compared With Warfarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: It is unclear if the risk of intraocular bleeding with novel oral anticoagulants differs compared with warfarin.

Objective: To characterize the risk of intraocular bleeding with novel oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin.

Data Sources: A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken in an academic medical setting.

Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis versus pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous floaters.

Background: The vitreous is the clear jelly of the eye and contains fine strands of proteins. Throughout life the composition of this vitreous changes, which causes the protein strands in it to bundle together and scatter light before it reaches the retina. Individuals perceive the shadows cast by these protein bundles as 'floaters'.

Glaucoma spectrum and age-related prevalence of individuals with FOXC1 and PITX2 variants.

Variation in FOXC1 and PITX2 is associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, characterised by structural defects of the anterior chamber of the eye and a range of systemic features. Approximately half of all affected individuals will develop glaucoma, but the age at diagnosis and the phenotypic spectrum have not been well defined. As phenotypic heterogeneity is common, we aimed to delineate the age-related penetrance and the full phenotypic spectrum of glaucoma in FOXC1 or PITX2 carriers recruited through a national disease registry.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery in the setting of penicillin allergy: A decision-making algorithm.

Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in many developed countries. Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare complication with potentially devastating visual outcomes. Currently, there is no global consensus regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery despite growing evidence of the benefits of prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime at the conclusion of surgery.

Impact of refractive error on quality of life: a qualitative study.

Importance: This study qualitatively explores the impact of refractive error on adults, particularly after correction.

Background: The study aimed to explore the impact of refractive error on quality of life.

Design: Cross-sectional; in-depth telephone and face-to-face semistructured interviews; qualitative study with inductive and deductive processes.

Glucose metabolism in mammalian photoreceptor inner and outer segments.

Photoreceptors are the first-order neurons of the visual pathway, converting light into electrical signals. Rods and cones are the two main types of photoreceptors in the mammalian retina. Rods are specialized for sensitivity at the expense of resolution and are responsible for vision in dimly lit conditions.

HIF signalling: The eyes have it.

The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) promote changes in gene expression in response to hypoxia, and mediate key physiological responses such as angiogenesis. They play important roles in development and normal physiology, as well as in ischaemic and other pathologies. The human eye is a complex organ, with tight regulation of vascularisation and oxygen delivery, with the highly specialised retina containing both highly vascularised and avascular regions.

The clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics and nomenclature of meibomian gland ductal cysts (intratarsal keratinous cysts) and eyelid steatocystomas.

PurposeMeibomian gland ductal cysts (MGDCs) and steatocystomas are epithelial lined, keratin-containing lesions of the eyelids. MDGCs are variably called tarsal keratinous cysts, intratarsal keratinous cysts of the meibomian glands, intratarsal inclusion cysts, epidermal cysts and epidermoid cysts. Both lesions are poorly described in the literature.

PRIMARY LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF GIANT RETINAL TEARS.

Purpose: Laser photocoagulation has typically been used as an adjunctive treatment to pars planar vitrectomy in achieving retinopexy in the treatment of giant retinal tears. We describe three cases where the giant retinal tear was treated with laser photocoagulation alone.

Methods: A retrospective case report of three patients with giant retinal tears who underwent primary laser photocoagulation.

Climate and season: the effects on ophthalmic diseases.

Seasonal changes and climate have a significant impact on human health. Diseases influenced by temperature and climate conditions are likely to undergo dynamic pattern shifts with consequent impact on human health. A number of infectious and non-infectious ophthalmic diseases are influenced by temperature and seasonality.

Pressureless Orbital Decompression for Myopic Proptosis.

Orbital decompression surgery increases the orbital volume. It has rarely been used for proptosis of the large highly myopic globe. However, external decompression surgery carries significant risks because of the large thin-walled globe.

Pooled genome wide association detects association upstream of FCRL3 with Graves' disease.

Background: Graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid disease of complex inheritance. Multiple genetic susceptibility loci are thought to be involved in Graves' disease and it is therefore likely that these can be identified by genome wide association studies. This study aimed to determine if a genome wide association study, using a pooling methodology, could detect genomic loci associated with Graves' disease.

Outcome of adjustment for posterior corneal curvature in toric intraocular lens calculation and selection.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the cylinder power choice and the astigmatic refractive outcome for toric intraocular lenses (IOLs), the cylinder power of which was calculated using the Goggin nomogram that allows for the likely effect of posterior corneal astigmatism.

Setting: The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.

Design: Observational case series.

In-Transit Metastasis From Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: In-transit metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon form of metastasis through lymphatics and occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed patients.

Objective: To identify cases of in-transit SCC and determine patient characteristics, tumor features, management, and prognosis.

Methods And Materials: A multicenter case series treated by Australian and New Zealand clinicians.