Orbital Apex Venous Malformation: Case Report on an Unusual Clinical and Radiological Presentation.

The authors present a case of an orbital apex venous malformation that presented with an intermittent oculomotor nerve palsy over a 15-year period. Radiologically, the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed orbital mass with T2 hyperintensity and enhancement that could only be demonstrated on 2-hour delayed phase imaging. The venous malformation was initially steroid-responsive but eventually became refractory to medical treatment alone.

Graded Eyelid Crease Approach to the Superior Orbital Apex: An Anatomical Study.

Purpose: To describe a graded eyelid crease approach to access the superior orbital apex, and to quantify the working space enabled with the sequential release of structures along the superior orbital rim.

Methods: Cadaveric dissection study of 7 cadaver heads (14 orbits). This technique involved a subperiosteal approach to the superior orbital apex.

Idiopathic apical orbital inflammation: clinical features and outcomes.

Background: Idiopathic apical orbital inflammation (AOI) is used to describe inflammation involving the posterior third of the orbit where no specific cause can be identified. It is a rare entity in which the presentation can vary widely. We aim to describe a case series of patients with idiopathic AOI and their clinicoradiological features and visual outcomes.

How do intraocular lens materials influence the outcome of cataract surgery?

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the evidence on the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) material on the outcomes of cataract surgery, as well as on the surgical procedure itself.

Recent Findings: Differences in capsular biocompatibility between IOL materials lead to variations in capsular stability and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), while differences in uveal biocompatibility affect postoperative inflammatory response.

Summary: Refractive outcomes are affected by both incision size and the rotational stability of toric IOLs.

Clinico-radiological features of optic nerve sheath schwannoma: Review and illustrative case.

The optic nerve sheath is a rare site for schwannoma, to our knowledge 19 optic nerve sheath schwannoma (ONSS) cases have been reported. Difficulty can arise in diagnosis as imaging findings can be relatively non-specific. We describe a case of ONSS that mimicked orbital cavernous venous malformation pre-operatively.

Advances in understanding and management of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is an emerging, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory orbital disease, characterized by tumefactive lesions with noticeable IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and distinctive pathohistological features. This disease is often associated with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-ROD may affect any ophthalmic tissues, particularly the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, and trigeminal nerves.

Orbital Myeloma and Plasmacytoma: An Australian Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide Australian data on the clinical and radiological features and outcomes in patients with orbital plasmacytomas.

Methods: Multicentre retrospective review of orbital plasmacytoma and orbital involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) from 2005 to 2022 in Australia.

Results: Twenty-one participants were identified.

N-acetylcysteine amide and di- N-acetylcysteine amide protect retinal cells in culture via an antioxidant action.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in toxicity to the retina in a variety of diseases. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) and the dimeric di-N-acetylcysteine amide (diNACA) were evaluated in terms of protecting retinal cells, in vitro, in a variety of stress models. Three types of rat retinal cell cultures were utilized in the study: macroglial-only cell cultures, neuron-only retinal ganglion cell (RGC) cultures, and mixed cultures containing retinal glia and neurons.

Myxoma: An Unusual Aggressive Orbital Lesion.

Myxoma is a rare tumor that can be challenging to diagnose, with imaging findings that can be nonspecific. We present a case of a 21-year-old man who presented with a subacute history of right visual deterioration and proptosis. Imaging showed a large right superomedial orbital mass of 43 × 31 × 24 mm, which enhanced heterogeneously and was eroding the adjacent orbital roof and medial wall.

Normative Measurements of the Infraorbital Nerve by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an Australia Cohort.

Purpose: To report the normative dimensions of the infraorbital nerve on fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced MRI and correlate with patient demographics in an Australian cohort.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent coronal fat-suppressed gadolinium T1-weighted MRI from September 2021 to December 2023. One hundred sixty-eight orbits were included.

Microbiology of acute bacterial dacryocystitis: a tertiary institutional experience in South Australia.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive microbiological profile of bacterial dacryocystitis in South Australia. By identifying the specific microorganism and antibiotic susceptibility, this study intends to aid ophthalmologists in choosing appropriate empirical antibiotic therapies and development of evidence-based clinical guidelines.

Method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) over five years (2018-2023) of patients with acute dacryocystitis.

Prediction of vitreomacular traction syndrome outcomes with deep learning: A pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) based Deep-Learning (DL) model in the prediction of Vitreomacular Traction (VMT) syndrome outcomes.

Design: A single-centre retrospective review.

Methods: Records of consecutive adult patients attending the Royal Adelaide Hospital vitreoretinal clinic with evidence of spontaneous VMT were reviewed from January 2019 until May 2022.

Primary Dacryocystorhinostomy for Acute Dacryocystitis: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Acute dacryocystitis is a common condition occurring secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We aim to assess the efficacy of primary dacryocystorhinostomy for the management of acute dacryocystitis.

Methods: A systematic search of the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL was performed to December 2023.

Ameloblastic Carcinoma With Orbital Invasion.

Ameloblastic carcinomas are malignant tumors arising from the odontogenic epithelium and defined as having features of ameloblastic differentiation in addition to cytological features of malignancy. Orbital involvement is rare and generally involves invasion of the orbital floor, apex, or soft tissue. This report describes an advanced presentation of ameloblastic carcinoma with orbital invasion and provides a review of the literature.

Artificial intelligence to automate assessment of ocular and periocular measurements.

Purpose: To develop and validate a deep learning facial landmark detection network to automate the assessment of periocular anthropometric measurements.

Methods: Patients presenting to the ophthalmology clinic were prospectively enrolled and had their images taken using a standardised protocol. Facial landmarks were segmented on the images to enable calculation of marginal reflex distance (MRD) 1 and 2, palpebral fissure height (PFH), inner intercanthal distance (IICD), outer intercanthal distance (OICD), interpupillary distance (IPD) and horizontal palpebral aperture (HPA).

Asymmetric proptosis in thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: Patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) can present with asymmetric disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of asymmetric TED in an Australian cohort and investigate clinical, biochemical, and radiological associations of asymmetric TED.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with TED who underwent Hertel exophthalmometry and orbital computed tomography (CT) scans.

Corneal Neurotization for Neurotrophic Keratopathy: A Multicenter Experience.

Purpose: Corneal neurotization is an emerging technique that offers potential for visual rehabilitation in neurotrophic keratopathy. This study reports on a multicenter experience and outcomes for both direct and indirect methods of corneal neurotization.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Medication-associated orbital inflammation: A systematic review.

We performed a comprehensive systematic review to identify medication-associated orbital inflammation and to characterize its clinico-radiological features. We reviewed English-language articles describing medication-associated orbital inflammation (i.e.

Recurrent inferior oblique myositis and its outcomes.

This report presents a unique case of recurrent idiopathic inferior oblique myositis (IOM) with a focus on clinico-radiological characteristics and histological features. A woman in her early 40s presented with a third episode of IOM following a 12-year period of quiescence. The first two episodes were characterised by unilateral IOM with rapid resolution following oral prednisone treatment.

Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma With Unusual Orbital Invasion.

A case is presented of a 43-year-old male with a chronic history of progressive nasal obstruction and epiphora. MRI confirmed a heterogeneous mass involving the middle and superior turbinates with T2 hyperintense and calcified components, with extension into the inferomedial orbit. Tissue biopsy revealed a grade 2 chondrosarcoma of the conventional subtype.

Imaging Features of Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review.

Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) includes non-invasive and invasive subtypes with the latter having significant morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aims to identify the imaging features most correlated with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) and present a checklist of these features to aid diagnosis. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Science Direct were searched from inception to May 2023, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines.