Whole cranberry fruit powder supplement reduces the incidence of culture-confirmed urinary tract infections in females with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: A 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: High prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI), including cystitis, and concern for antimicrobial resistance justify safe and effective non-antibiotic therapies for prevention of recurrent UTI (rUTI). This study investigated the effect of a whole cranberry fruit powder supplement on incidence of culture-confirmed UTI (primary outcome) in females with rUTI history.

Methods: This multicenter, 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study enrolled 150 healthy females (18-65 years, body mass index (BMI) >17.

Deciphering the Complexities of Adult Human Steady State and Stress-Induced Hematopoiesis: Progress and Challenges.

Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have traditionally been viewed as self-renewing, multipotent cells with enormous potential in sustaining essential steady state blood and immune cell production throughout life. Indeed, around 86% (10-10) of new cells generated daily in a healthy young human adult are of hematopoietic origin. Therapeutically, human HSCs have contributed to over 1.

Extracellular Vesicles and Tunnelling Nanotubes as Mediators of Prostate Cancer Intercellular Communication.

Prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis relies on intercellular communication, which can involve tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). TNTs and EVs have been reported to transfer critical cargo involved in cellular functions and signalling, prompting us to investigate the extent of organelle and protein transfer in PCa cells and the potential involvement of the androgen receptor. Using live cell imaging microscopy, we observed extensive formation of TNTs and EVs operating between PCa, non-malignant, and immune cells.

A Quantitative Examination and Comparison of the Ability of Australian Gentamicin Dosing Guidelines to Achieve Target Therapeutic Concentrations in Neonates.

Effective gentamicin dosing is crucial to the survival of neonates with suspected sepsis but requires a careful balance between attaining both effective peak and safe trough concentrations. We aimed to systematically compare existing gentamicin dosing guidelines for neonates in Australia to determine the extent to which they reach therapeutic targets. Simulations of a single gentamicin dose to a virtual representative neonatal population according to each Australian guideline were performed using population pharmacokinetic modelling.

Congenital Titinopathy: Comprehensive Characterization of the Most Severe End of the Disease Spectrum.

Unlabelled: Congenital titinopathy has recently emerged as one of the most common congenital muscle disorders.

Objective: To better understand the presentation and clinical needs of the under-characterized extreme end of the congenital titinopathy severity spectrum.

Methods: We comprehensively analyzed the clinical, imaging, pathology, autopsy, and genetic findings in 15 severely affected individuals from 11 families.

Semaglutide in obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes across baseline HbA levels (STEP-HFpEF DM): a prespecified analysis of heart failure and metabolic outcomes from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: About half of patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have type 2 diabetes. In the STEP-HFpEF DM trial of adults with obesity-related HFpEF and type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous once weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg conferred improvements in heart failure-related symptoms and physical limitations, bodyweight, and other heart failure outcomes. We aimed to determine whether these effects of semaglutide differ according to baseline HbA.

Rehabilitation success and related costs following stroke in a regional hospital: a retrospective analysis based on the Australian National Subacute and Non-Acute Patient (AN-SNAP) classification.

Background: Evidence is limited on the factors influencing successful stroke rehabilitation in regional contexts. Additionally, the relationship between rehabilitation costs following acute stroke, based on Australian National Subacute and Non-Acute Patient (AN-SNAP) casemix classification, and rehabilitation success remains unclear.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study investigated the factors contributing to improved functional outcomes following stroke rehabilitation in an Australian regional hospital, also evaluating the respective average daily and total payments.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings.

This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings.

ASA Class Is a Stronger Predictor of Early Revision Risk Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty than BMI.

Background: Although there is a known correlation between obesity and revision risk following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is an ongoing debate regarding the appropriateness of denying TKA solely based on the body mass index (BMI) of a patient. Our aim was to determine whether a patient's American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class predicts their risks of early all-cause revision and revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following primary TKA, independent of their BMI.

Methods: Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) were obtained regarding all patients who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis in Australia from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022.

Clinical phenotype and trio whole exome sequencing data from a patient with glycogen storage disease IV in Indonesia.

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV) is a rare disease caused by a defect in glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1), which played a crucial role in glycogen branching. GSD IV occurs once in approximately 1 in every 760,000 to 960,000 live births and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Early diagnosis of GSD IV is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, such as liver and spleen enlargement, which can overlap with other hematologic and hepatobiliary disorders.

Wellbeing and quality of life among parents of individuals with Fontan physiology.

Purpose: To examine global and health-related quality of life (QOL) among parents of individuals with Fontan physiology and determine associations with sociodemographic, parent and child-related health, psychological, and relational factors.

Methods: Parents participating in the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry (ANZFR) QOL Study (N = 151, Parent Mean age = 47.9 ± 10.

The moderating effect of diet on the relationship between depressive symptoms and Alzheimer's disease-related blood-based biomarkers.

Associations between mental health, diet, and risk of Alzheimer's disease highlight the need to investigate whether dietary patterns moderate the relationship between symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neurodegeneration-related blood-based biomarkers. Cognitively unimpaired participants (n = 89) were included from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study (mean age 75.37; 44 % male).

Clinician views on selective decontamination of the digestive tract in mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units: A survey.

Objective: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) has been investigated as a strategy to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and other healthcare-associated infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving mechanical ventilation. There is some evidence to suggest that the use of SDD is associated with a reduction in healthcare-associated infection and mortality; however, the uptake of SDD in ICUs in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) remains low. To better understand the potential reasons, we designed a questionnaire to gather views from specialists in intensive care medicine, infectious diseases, and medical microbiology.

Optimising Instrumented Mouthguard Data Analysis: Video Synchronisation Using a Cross-correlation Approach.

Purpose: Head acceleration events (HAEs) are a growing concern in contact sports, prompting two rugby governing bodies to mandate instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). This has resulted in an influx of data imposing financial and time constraints. This study presents two computational methods that leverage a dataset of video-coded match events: cross-correlation synchronisation aligns iMG data to a video recording, by providing playback timestamps for each HAE, enabling analysts to locate them in video footage; and post-synchronisation event matching identifies the coded match event (e.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

What predicts the initial interest and uptake of health behaviours? An exploratory study to understand commitment and early success through a simple behaviour.

Extant models of health behaviour change often overlook stages in which individuals decide to partake in interventions. The current study aimed to identify behavioural and psychological factors that could capture a person's readiness to change a health behaviour and whether these could predict progression through stages of commitment. Rather than explicitly advertising a health behaviour intervention, we invited individuals to partake in a general health behaviour survey using a paid advertising campaign on Facebook (Phase 1).

Metagenomics: a new frontier for routine pathology testing of gastrointestinal pathogens.

Background: Accurate and comprehensive identification of enteropathogens, causing infectious gastroenteritis, is essential for optimal patient treatment and effective isolation processes in health care systems. Traditional diagnostic techniques are well established and optimised in low-cost formats. However, thorough testing for a wider range of causal agents is time consuming and remains limited to a subset of pathogenic organisms.

Reduced PI3K(p110α) induces atrial myopathy, and PI3K-related lipids are dysregulated in athletes with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Elucidating mechanisms underlying atrial myopathy, which predisposes individuals to atrial fibrillation (AF), will be critical for preventing/treating AF. In a serendipitous discovery, we identified atrial enlargement, fibrosis, and thrombi in mice with reduced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in cardiomyocytes. PI3K(p110α) is elevated in the heart with exercise and is critical for exercise-induced ventricular enlargement and protection, but the role in the atria was unknown.

Adverse events during and after early mobilisation: A post hoc analysis of the TEAM trial.

Background: The Treatment of Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Early Activity and Mobilisation (TEAM) trial reported a higher occurrence of adverse events with greater mobilisation. However, their timing and nature remained unexplored. We conducted an in-depth exploration of such events.

Scoping review: The effects of diet, physical activity and sleep on motor and physical fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.

Physical and motor fatigue are debilitating symptoms common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Lifestyle interventions may be effective in managing MS-related fatigue. This scoping review aims to: (i) identify and summarise lifestyle interventions including those focused on diet, physical activity, and sleep, or multicomponent interventions for physical and motor fatigue management in MS; and (ii) provide recommendations for future research in this area.

Developing, implementing, and evaluating the first national Memory and Cognition Clinic Guidelines in Australia.

Introduction: A lack of national consensus on the roles and responsibilities of Australian memory and cognition clinics contributes to the large variability seen across services. The introduction of guidelines and a quality assessment framework could facilitate greater harmonization and quality improvements.

Methods: We used a modified Delphi process to develop the guidelines.