A Novel Strain of Detected from Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) on Wild Rodents.

Scrub typhus is caused by intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus . Until 2010, the endemic region was thought to be restricted to the Asia-Pacific region. species have recently been discovered in South America, Africa, Europe, and North America.

Machine Learning Models for the Early Real-Time Prediction of Deterioration in Intensive Care Units-A Novel Approach to the Early Identification of High-Risk Patients.

Predictive machine learning models have made use of a variety of scoring systems to identify clinical deterioration in ICU patients. However, most of these scores include variables that are dependent on medical staff examining the patient. We present the development of a real-time prediction model using clinical variables that are digital and automatically generated for the early detection of patients at risk of deterioration.

Compounds Involved in the Invasive Characteristics of .

L. is native to tropical America and has naturalized in many other tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions in Asia, Africa, Oceania, North and South America, and Europe. infests diverse habitats with a wide range of climatic factors, and its population increases aggressively as one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species.

Qualitative Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential Evaluation of South African Momordica Balsamina Linn Fruit Pulp.

Linn is a well-known African traditional herb due to its tremendous medicinal and nutritional properties. It is used worldwide for the treatment of different ailments and diseases. In the present study, the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of South African fruit pulp extracts was evaluated.

Millière (Pyralidae, Phycitinae): An Emerging Grapevine Pest in Greece.

The honeydew moth, Millière (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is native to the Mediterranean Basin. However, it has recently been reported as an emerging grapevine pest in southern European Union countries and in the Middle East, North Africa, and South America. This may be attributed to the global warming trends.

Postharvest Practices and Farmers' Knowledge in Managing Maize Pests in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

This study aims to establish the pest management approach for pests of stored maize and determine the current control practices. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 77 smallholder farmers from 16 villages at King Sabata Dalindyebo local municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The results revealed that about 50% of the farmers had a formal education, the average farm size was 1 hectare, and they were predominantly cultivating yellow maize.

Revisiting the History and Biogeography of and Other Olive-Feeding Fruit Flies in Africa and Asia.

Rossi causes important agricultural losses in olive growing regions. Despite its economic relevance, the expansion history and biogeography of and other olive-feeding fruit flies remain unclear. We used mitogenomic data of species from a broad geographic range to explore possible historical biogeographic patterns in and other olive-feeding fruit flies.

Pharmacological Properties of Extracts-A Plant Used to Treat and Manage Elephantiasis.

(Thunb.) Less. has recently become a plant species of interest to researchers due to its biological activities and less toxic effects.

A Narrative Review of the Interplay Between Carbohydrate Intake and Diabetes Medications: Unexplored Connections and Clinical Implications.

This narrative review examines the dynamic interplay between carbohydrate intake and diabetes medications, highlighting their combined molecular and clinical effects on glycemic control. Carbohydrates, a primary energy source, significantly influence postprandial glucose regulation and necessitate careful coordination with pharmacological therapies, including insulin, metformin, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Low-glycemic-index (GI) foods enhance insulin sensitivity, stabilize glycemic variability, and optimize medication efficacy, while high-GI foods exacerbate glycemic excursions and insulin resistance.

Evidence for the Worldwide Distribution of a Bile Salt Hydrolase Gene in Through Horizontal Gene Transfer.

Bile salt hydrolase (BSH), a probiotic-related enzyme with cholesterol-assimilating and anti-hypercholesterolemic abilities, has been isolated from intestinal bacteria; however, BSH activity of bacteria in bile-salt-free (non-intestinal) environments is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify BSH from non-intestinal and characterize its enzymatic function. We successfully isolated a plasmid-encoded () from , and the recombinant EfpBSH showed BSH activity that preferentially hydrolyzed taurine-conjugated bile salts, unlike the activity of known BSHs.

Impact of COVID-19 on Utilization of Healthcare Services Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Systematic Review.

People living with HIV/AIDS have been impacted notably by the COVID-19 pandemic in diverse dimensions. Although some impacts of COVID-19 on PLHIV have been well documented, there is still insufficient research that captures the overall understanding of the implications of COVID-19 for the healthcare utilization among PLHIV. This review aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on PLHIV, narrowing it down to women living with HIV/AIDS.

Antibacterial Potential of Crude Extracts from NR125682 and NR117881.

The challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human health have pushed for the discovery of a new antibiotics agent from natural products. Cyanobacteria are oxygen-producing photosynthetic prokaryotes found in a variety of water habitats. Secondary metabolites are produced by cyanobacteria to survive extreme environmental stress factors, including microbial competition.

Bacterial Isolation from Natural Grassland on Nitrogen-Free Agar Yields Many Strains Without Nitrogenase.

Nitrogen inputs for sustainable crop production for a growing population require the enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation. Efforts to increase biological nitrogen fixation include bioprospecting for more effective nitrogen-fixing bacteria. As bacterial nitrogenases are extremely sensitive to oxygen, most primary isolation methods rely on the use of semisolid agar or broth to limit oxygen exposure.

Determination of the De Novo Minimum Selection Concentration of Trimethoprim In Vivo for Using A Pilot Study.

We investigated whether the maximum residual levels of trimethoprim permitted in food (Acceptable Daily Intake-ADI) could select for de novo trimethoprim resistance in in vivo. We designed chronic infection models of in and exposed them to sub-ADI doses of trimethoprim through a single-dosing regimen. The emergence of trimethoprim resistance was determined by isolating the target bacteria on selective agar plates, followed by species confirmation using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Antibiotic Residues in Animal Products from Some African Countries and Their Possible Impact on Human Health.

This review investigates the levels of antibiotic residues in animal products, types of antibiotics, and their possible impact on human health in Africa. The literature search involved the use of a systematic survey using data that were published from Africa from 2015 to 2024. The search terms used the Boolean operators with keywords such as antibiotics, antibiotic residues, antibiotics in animal products in Africa, and impact on human health.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Motivations, Expectations, and Systemic Factors Regarding Antimicrobial Use Amongst Community Members Seeking Care at the Primary Healthcare Level: A Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, motivations, and expectations of community members regarding antimicrobial use is essential for effective stewardship interventions. This scoping review aimed to identify key themes relating to the critical areas regarding antimicrobial use among community members in primary healthcare (PHC), with a particular focus on LMICs.

Antibacterial Activity of Selected Essential Oil Components and Their Derivatives: A Review.

Essential oils (EOs) are gaining ground and have been intensively studied due to their widespread use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. The essential components of EOs have been recognized for diverse therapeutic activities and have gained significant attention for their potential antibacterial activities. Despite the popularity of EOs and potent biological properties, their bioactive components and their derivatives are still not comprehensively characterized.

Seroepidemiological Survey of Hepatitis E Virus in Intensive Pig Farming in Vojvodina Province, Serbia.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E infection in humans. Two epidemiological patterns of the disease exist-endemic and sporadic. Genotypes 1 (HEV-1) and 2 (HEV-2) are transmitted through contaminated water and are responsible for the outbreaks of many large-scale epidemics in developing countries of Asia and Africa.

From Genes to Clinical Practice: Exploring the Genomic Underpinnings of Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EC), a prevalent gynecological malignancy, presents significant challenges due to its genetic complexity and heterogeneity. The genomic landscape of EC is underpinned by genetic alterations, such as mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, and ARID1A, and chromosomal abnormalities. The identification of molecular subtypes-POLE ultramutated, microsatellite instability (MSI), copy number low, and copy number high-illustrates the diverse genetic profiles within EC and underscores the need for subtype-specific therapeutic strategies.

Advancing Cancer Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles: Challenges and Prospects in Mathematical Modeling for In Vivo and In Vitro Systems.

Mathematical models are crucial for predicting the behavior of drug conjugate nanoparticles and optimizing drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. These models simulate interactions among nanoparticle properties, tumor characteristics, and physiological conditions, including drug resistance and targeting specificity. However, they often rely on assumptions that may not accurately reflect in vivo conditions.

Assessing the Understanding of Primary School Teachers in the Rural Communities of Limpopo Province, South Africa-Are We Trauma Informed?

Background/objectives: To effectively support children's learning and well-being, primary educators must thoroughly understand child trauma. Being 'trauma informed' means recognizing the impact of trauma and responding supportively, which can help mitigate its adverse effects on learners. This study explored the understanding of childhood trauma among primary school teachers in Limpopo province, focusing on the circuits of Mvudi and Dzindi due to their high prevalence of childhood traumatic experiences.

Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health.

Comorbidities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental pollution have emerged as serious concerns. The exposome concept underscores the cumulative impact of environmental factors, including climate change, air pollution, chemicals like PFAS, and heavy metals, on cardiovascular health. Chronic exposure to these pollutants contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, further exacerbating the global burden of CVDs.

Ezetimibe Anticancer Activity via the p53/Mdm2 Pathway.

Background: Ezetimibe is used to treat cardiovascular disease as it blocks the sterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1CL1) protein. However, recent evidence indicates that Ezetimibe inhibits several cancers indirectly by reducing circulating cholesterol or via specific signalling pathways.

Methods And Results: Our in silico studies indicate that Ezetimibe binds to the Tp53 binding domain in Mdm2, forming a more thermodynamically stable complex than nutlin3a.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Infection Prevention and Control Nurses in Public Hospitals in the Limpopo Province: A Qualitative Study.

A crucial aspect of delivering healthcare is infection prevention and control (IPC), especially in public hospitals where the high volume of patients and limited resources can heighten the risk of healthcare-associated infections. This qualitative study explores IPC nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in public hospitals within the Limpopo province of South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive design.

A Cross-Sectional, Descriptive Qualitative Study of Information Counselling During Tuberculosis Treatment in South Africa: Awareness of XDR-TB Patients on Ototoxic Effects.

Ototoxicity is a significant adverse effect associated with second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) medications, particularly in treating extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). This study investigated the awareness of ototoxic effects among adults with XDR-TB undergoing treatment in South Africa, specifically exploring the role of information counselling on ototoxic symptoms, the timing of counselling, the content covered, and the management pathways available. This cross-sectional, descriptive qualitative study was conducted at Brooklyn Chest Hospital in the Western Cape.