Synapses do not facilitate prion-like transfer of alpha-synuclein: a quantitative study in reconstructed unidirectional neural networks.

Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation spreads between cells and underlies the progression of neuronal lesions in the brain of patients with synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's diseases. The mechanisms of cell-to-cell propagation of aggregates, which dictate how aggregation progresses at the network level, remain poorly understood. Notably, while prion and prion-like spreading is often simplistically envisioned as a "domino-like" spreading scenario where connected neurons sequentially propagate protein aggregation to each other, the reality is likely to be more nuanced.

Recent advances in availability and synthesis of the economic costs of biological invasions.

Biological invasions are a global challenge that has received insufficient attention. Recently available cost syntheses have provided policy- and decision makers with reliable and up-to-date information on the economic impacts of biological invasions, aiming to motivate effective management. The resultant database is now publicly and freely accessible and enables rapid extraction of monetary cost information.

Long-Term Outcome and Prognosis of Noninfectious Thoracic Aortitis.

Background: Aortitis is a group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of the aorta. The large-vessel vasculitides are the most common causes of aortitis. Aortitis long-term outcomes are not well known.

Unlocking secrets of microbial ecotoxicology: recent achievements and future challenges.

Environmental pollution is one of the main challenges faced by humanity. By their ubiquity and vast range of metabolic capabilities, microorganisms are affected by pollution with consequences on their host organisms and on the functioning of their environment. They also play key roles in the fate of pollutants through the degradation, transformation, and transfer of organic or inorganic compounds.

In vivo reduction of RAD51-mediated homologous recombination triggers aging but impairs oncogenesis.

Homologous recombination (HR) is a prominent DNA repair pathway maintaining genome integrity. Mutations in many HR genes lead to cancer predisposition. Paradoxically, the implication of the pivotal HR factor RAD51 on cancer development remains puzzling.

Virus-Host Interactions Drive Contrasting Bacterial Diel Dynamics in the Ocean.

Marine organisms perform a sea of diel rhythmicity. Planktonic diel dynamics have been shown to be driven by light, energy resources, circadian rhythms, and the coordinated coupling of photoautotrophs and heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Here, we explore the diel fluctuation of viral production and decay and their impact on the total and active bacterial community in the coastal and open seawaters of the South China Sea.

Power pose effects on approach and avoidance decisions in response to social threat.

Individuals' opportunities for action in threatening social contexts largely depend on their social power. While powerful individuals can afford to confront aggressors and dangers, powerless individuals need others' support and better avoid direct challenges. Here, we investigated if adopting expansive or contracted poses, which signal dominance and submission, impacts individuals' approach and avoidance decisions in response to social threat signals using a within-subject design.

Scorpions trapped in amber: a remarkable window on their evolution over time from the Mesozoic period to present days.

This synoptic review aims to bring some general information on fossil scorpions, namely those trapped in amber - fossilized resin - ranging from Lower Cretaceous through the Palaeocene and up to the Miocene. The question to be addressed is how the study of these fossils can be connected with possible present scorpionism problems. A precise knowledge of these ancient lineages provides information about the evolution of extant lineages, including the buthoids, which contain most known noxious species.

Prognosis of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Background Chronic respiratory failure and heart involvement may occur in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of the right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Methods and Results We studied 90 genetically proven patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy from 2010 to 2019, to obtain respiratory function and Doppler echocardiographic RV systolic function.

[Ethical stakes of information in radiation oncology: Thinking the risk and building the therapeutic alliance].

Informing patients before receiving radiation therapy is a fundamental ethical imperative. As a condition of the possibility of autonomy, information allows people to make health decisions concerning themselves, which is required by French law. This information includes in particular the potential risks due to radiation therapy.

Brentuximab vedotin with AVD for stage II-IV HIV-related Hodgkin lymphoma (AMC 085): phase 2 results from an open-label, single arm, multicentre phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Brentuximab vedotin in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) is approved in the upfront setting for advanced stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). People living with HIV have been excluded from these studies. We aimed to understand the activity and safety of brentuximab vedotin-AVD in people living with HIV diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, while focusing on HIV disease parameters and antiretroviral therapy (ART) interactions.

[Malaria today].

Malaria, a parasitic disease the pathogen of which was discovered by Alphonse Laveran in 1880 in the blood of febrile patients, remains in 2022 the most frequent endemic disease in tropical and subtropical countries. In its latest "World Malaria Report" available in November 2021, the WHO deals in great detail with the data collected in the field in 2019-2020, their progression over the last 20 years, and the measures to be taken to try to better control this life-threatening endemic. The number of malaria cases is estimated at 232 million in 2019 in 87 endemic countries, down from 245 million in 2000.

Cardiometabolic Parameters 3 Years After Switch to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine vs Maintenance of Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based Regimens.

Background: Cardiometabolic outcomes were investigated 3 years after switching to the 2-drug regimen dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) vs continuing 3-/4-drug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-based regimens in a multicenter phase 3 noninferiority study based on an open-label randomized design.

Method: Adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 switched to once-daily DTG/3TC (n = 369) or continued TAF-based regimens (n = 372). Cardiometabolic health parameters were assessed through week 144 via mixed-model repeated measures or logistic regression analyses, adjusting for baseline variables.

Assigning the Australian clam shrimp Eoleptestheria (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Leptestheriidae) to a new species status.

We assign the only Australian leptestherid clam shrimp, Eoleptestheria ticinensis (Balsamo-Crivelli, 1859) to a new species status, Leptestheria timmsi sp. nov., based on the latest molecular phylogeny of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from a previous study.

New leptestherid clam shrimps (Pancrustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Leptestheriidae) from peninsular India.

Spinicaudatan clam shrimps are an evolutionarily ancient lineage restricted to temporary freshwater pools. Use of classical morpho-taxonomic approaches alone have led to some issues in the taxonomy of this group, which are now being resolved through integrative taxonomy. Here, we describe two new leptestherid spiny clam shrimps Leptestheria chalukyae sp.

Energy Transport for Thick Holographic Branes.

Universal properties of two-dimensional conformal interfaces are encoded by the flux of energy transmitted and reflected during a scattering process. We develop an innovative method that allows us to use results for the energy transmission in thin-brane holographic models to find the energy transmission for general smooth domain-wall solutions of three-dimensional gravity. Our method is based on treating the continuous geometry as a discrete set of branes.

A single case neuroimaging study of tickertape synesthesia.

Reading acquisition is enabled by deep changes in the brain's visual system and language areas, and in the links subtending their collaboration. Disruption of those plastic processes commonly results in developmental dyslexia. However, atypical development of reading mechanisms may occasionally result in ticker-tape synesthesia (TTS), a condition described by Francis Galton in 1883 wherein individuals "see mentally in print every word that is uttered (…) as from a long imaginary strip of paper".

Changes in social behavior with MAPK2 and KCTD13/CUL3 pathways alterations in two new outbred rat models for the 16p11.2 syndromes with autism spectrum disorders.

Copy number variations (CNVs) of the human 16p11.2 locus are associated with several developmental/neurocognitive syndromes. Particularly, deletion and duplication of this genetic interval are found in patients with autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability and other psychiatric traits.

Development and Validation of a Novel Mobility Test for Rod-Cone Dystrophies: From Reality to Virtual Reality.

Purpose: To validate a novel mobility test (MOST, MObility Standardized Test) and performance outcomes in real (RL) and virtual (VR) environments to be used for interventional clinical studies in order to characterize vision impairment in rod-cone dystrophies, also known as retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Design: Prospective, interventional, noninvasive, reliability and validity analysis.

Methods: We designed MOST to be used in both VR and RL and conducted 3 experimental studies with 89 participants to (1) validate the difficulty of the mobility courses (15 controls), (2) determine the optimal number of light levels and training trials (14 participants with RP), and (3) validate the reproducibility (test-retest), reliability (VR/RL), sensitivity, and construct/content validity of the test (30 participants with RP and 30 controls).