Reconstructive Surgery of the Head and Neck in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

The number of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) is growing as a consequence of an increase in transplantations and longer survival; these patients, thus, frequently suffer various comorbidities and are subjected to the detrimental effects of immunosuppressive agents, which expose them to a higher risk of developing malignancies. These drugs also complicate the surgical treatment of neoplasms, as they can hinder wound healing, especially when associated with other unfavorable factors (e.g.

Cerebral vasomotor reactivity in the acute phase and after 6 months in non-disabling stroke/TIA: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Aim: Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity (VMR) is a property of cerebral hemodynamics that protects from cerebrovascular disease. We aimed to explore the VMR longitudinal changes in patients with acute non-disabling stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) to understand its implication in stroke ethiopatogenesis.

Methods: VMR by Transcranial Doppler Breath Holding test was performed at 48-72 h from stroke onset (T1) and after 6 months (T2) on MCA of the non-affected hemisphere and PCA of the affected hemisphere.

Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: From Molecules towards Drugs of Clinical Relevance.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most threatening solid malignancies. Molecular and cellular mediators that activate paracrine signalling also regulate the dynamic interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and nerves. This reciprocal interface leads to perineural invasion (PNI), defined as the ability of cancer cells to invade nerves, similar to vascular and lymphatic metastatic cascade.

coMpliAnce with evideNce-based cliniCal guidelines in the managemenT of acute biliaRy pancreAtitis): The MANCTRA-1 international audit.

Background/objectives: Reports about the implementation of recommendations from acute pancreatitis guidelines are scant. This study aimed to evaluate, on a patient-data basis, the contemporary practice patterns of management of biliary acute pancreatitis and to compare these practices with the recommendations by the most updated guidelines.

Methods: All consecutive patients admitted to any of the 150 participating general surgery (GS), hepatopancreatobiliary surgery (HPB), internal medicine (IM) and gastroenterology (GA) departments with a diagnosis of biliary acute pancreatitis between 01/01/2019 and 31/12/2020 were included in the study.

It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway: a worldwide cross-sectional survey.

Background: The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants' perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness.

Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team.

Renal involvement in sarcoidosis: histological patterns and prognosis, an Italian survey.

Background: Granulomatous interstitial nephritis in sarcoidosis (sGIN) is generally clinically silent, but in <1% causes acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: This Italian multicentric retrospective study included 39 sarcoidosis-patients with renal involvement at renal biopsy: 31 sGIN-AKI, 5 with other patterns (No-sGIN-AKI), 3 with nephrotic proteinuria. We investigate the predictive value of clinical features, laboratory, radiological parameters and histological patterns regarding steroid response.

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

We report a case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) that occurred after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A 59-year-old man with no other previous diseases presented visual acuity deterioration in the left eye 24 hours after PCI. Fundus examination revealed ischemia at the temporal branch of the retinal artery associated with inner layer edema.

Anomalous right coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery associated with aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and Vieussens' arterial ring: a very rare association and case.

We report a very rare case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery associated with severe aortic stenosis, severe mitral regurgitation, and Vieussens' arterial ring (VAR). Diagnosis was made accidentally during preoperative coronary angiography and confirmed by multidetector computed tomography. Surgery was performed with aortic valve replacement, mitral valve annuloplasty, right coronary artery reimplantation into the ascending aorta, and VAR resection.

Atherosclerotic spontaneous coronary artery dissection (A-SCAD) in a patient with COVID-19: case report and possible mechanisms.

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may be atherosclerotic (A-SCAD) or non-atherosclerotic (NA-SCAD) in origin. Contemporary usage of the term 'SCAD' is typically synonymous with NA-SCAD. COVID-19 could induce a vascular inflammation localized in the coronary adventitia and periadventitial fat and contribute to the development of an A-SCAD of a vulnerable plaque in a susceptible patient.

Subacute Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture after Delayed STEMI Presentation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing delayed ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presentations associated with now unusual postinfarction complications. We describe a delayed (5-day) STEMI presentation because the patient feared contracting COVID-19 in the hospital. The patient experienced an extensive anterolateral STEMI complicated by subacute left ventricular free wall rupture that required a rapid surgical repair.

Functional and clinical outcomes of patients aged younger and older than 85 years after rehabilitation post-hip fracture surgery in a co-managed orthogeriatric unit.

Aim: Literature investigating rehabilitation outcomes after hip surgery among individuals aged ≥85 years is sparse. We compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients aged under and over 85 years, and assessed factors potentially associated with rehabilitation success as described by the Barthel Index (BI).

Methods: From 2011 to 2014, we prospectively enrolled 328 patients (n = 152 aged <85 years, n = 176 aged ≥85 years) admitted to an orthogeriatric unit (Sondrio, Italy) with a diagnosis of hip fracture requiring surgical treatment.

Reducing time delays in the management of ischemic stroke patients in Northern Italy.

Background And Purpose: Thrombolysis represents the best therapy for ischemic stroke but the main limitation of its administration is time. The avoidable delay is a concept reflecting the effectiveness of management pathway. For this reason, we projected a study concerning the detection of main delays with following introduction of corrective factors.

The solitary fibrous malignant tumour of the kidney: clinical and pathological considerations on a case revisiting the literature.

The solitary fibrous tumours (SFT) are rare spindle cell neoplasms which generally originate from the pleura; also described are cases of SFT in other locations, included the genital-urinary tract. Described in the ambit the kidney are 19 cases of SFT and such rarity of localisation makes rather unknown the histogenesis and the prognosis of the lesion. We report the case of a 72 year old lady who attended our Unit for a mass which was clinically palpable at the level of the left hemiabdomen.

Lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B: a brief review.

Until recently, the only generally approved treatment for chronic hepatitis B was alpha-interferon; however, it gives only moderate efficacy in terms of sustained response (biochemical, virological and histological). In fact, only 20% to 40% of treated patients respond to therapy, with lower percentages (~ 10%) among patients infected with precore-mutant strains of HBV (HBeAb HBV-DNA positive). The FDA of the USA approved the use of lamivudine in adult patients affected by chronic hepatitis B in 1998.

Outcome of liver disease in a large cohort of histologically proven chronic hepatitis C: influence of HCV genotype.

Objective: To assess the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes on the clinical outcome of liver disease, we analysed 2,307 patients.

Results: The most frequently represented genotypes were 1b (40%) and 2 (28.1%).