Insights on the microbiology of Ethiopian fermented milk products: A review.

Fermented milk products play a vital role in the diets of Ethiopians. They are produced from either spontaneous fermentation or back-slopping methods at the household level, in which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts predominate. As a result, the processing steps are not standardized and overall safety is still of public health relevance.

Maasai mother's knowledge on complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months in Monduli District, Arusha, Tanzania: A case study of Naitolia village.

Despite Tanzania's achievement in reducing childhood problems, undernutrition is still a problem. Little is known about how mothers' knowledge on complementary feeding practice affects their children nutritional status. Therefore, the study determined how nutritional status of Maasai children aged 6-24 months is related to their mothers or caregivers' knowledge on complementary feeding.

Perception and attitudes of street food vendors toward the healthiness of meals prepared and sold in Dodoma.

Consumption of street meals among urban dwellers has become inevitable, especially in low- and middle-income countries. It has been linked to higher incidence of dietary-related diseases. Vendors' perceptions and attitudes toward the healthiness of meals can influence nutritional quality of the offered meals.

Changes in fatty acids during storage of artisanal-processed freshwater sardines ().

For ages, indigenous small fish species have been important in food and nutritional security of poor communities in low income countries. Freshwater fish, in particular fatty fish species are attracting a great attention because they are good sources of health promoting long chain omega-3 fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6-3), Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5-3) are the main omega-3 PUFAs known to confer health benefits in humans if consumed in required amounts.

Impact of invasive on maize and cassava growth in East Usambara, Tanzania.

The impacts of invasive alien plant species on native plants are generally well documented, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying their impacts on crop growth. A better understanding of immediate as well as legacy effects and of direct and indirect impacts of invasive alien plant species is essential for an improved management of invaded cropland. We investigated how impacts the growth of two subsistence crops (maize and cassava) through competition for resources, allelopathy and the indirect plant-plant interactions.

A road traversing a protected area has little effect on feeding and foraging behaviour of yellow baboons.

The Tanzania-Zambia (TANZAM) Highway traversing Mikumi National Park (MINAPA) has been a concern for wildlife managers since it was first paved in 1973-1974. After its upgrade in 1989-1990, researchers have documented increasing traffic resulting in considerable animal injuries and mortalities. Yellow baboons () in MINAPA use the road as the bridge to and from foraging areas, therefore in addition to the risk of mortality road use could potentially have significant influence on their feeding behavior.

Influence of vegetation structure, seasonality, and soil properties on rodent diversi community assemblages in west Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Rodent diversity and community assemblages are affected by several biotic and abiotic factors such as vegetation structure and seasonality. Vegetation structure particularly ground cover influences rodent diversity and community assemblages through provision of food resources and protection from predators. Such information is important for understanding species-habitat relationships for management and conservation.

The functionality of health facility governing committees and their associated factors in selected primary health facilities implementing direct health facility financing in Tanzania: A mixed-method study.

Background: In Lower and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), decentralization has dominated the agenda for reforming the organization of service delivery (LMICs). The fiscal decentralization challenge is a hard one for decentralization. As they strive to make decisions and use health facility funding, primary healthcare facilities encounter the obstacles of fiscal decentralization.

Nutritional evaluation of complementary porridge formulated from orange-fleshed sweet potato, amaranth grain, pumpkin seed, and soybean flours.

Supplementing breastmilk with poor energy and nutrient-dense complementary foodstuffs for young children and infants has resulted in malnutrition, poor growth, and retardation of infant development in many sub-Saharan African countries. Ensuring nutrient adequacy for infants because of their lower consumption requires energy and nutrient-dense food. In this context, the nutritional composition of porridge from complementary flour blends of locally available foodstuffs (orange-fleshed sweet potato, pumpkin seeds, amaranth grains, and soybeans) was carried out.

Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence analysis reveals high variation and multiple maternal origins of indigenous Tanzanian goat populations.

The Small East African (SEA) goat are widely distributed in different agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. We report the genetic diversity, maternal origin, and phylogenetic relationship among the 12 Tanzanian indigenous goat populations, namely Fipa, Songwe, Tanga, Pwani, Iringa, Newala, Lindi, Gogo, Pare, Maasai, Sukuma, and Ujiji, based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop. High haplotype ( = 0.

Effects of forest disturbance on the fitness of an endemic rodent in a biodiversity hotspot.

occurs abundantly in both disturbed and intact forests in the Ukaguru Mountains within the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), Morogoro, Tanzania. While previous studies have reported that anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing, wood cutting, and harvesting have a positive effect on the population density of , the impact of habitat disturbance on its demographic traits is still unknown. We performed a capture-mark-recapture study in both disturbed and intact forests from June 2018 to February 2020 in order to investigate the effects of habitat disturbance on abundance and two demographic traits: survival and maturation of in the Ukaguru Mountains.

Enhancing pollination is more effective than increased conventional agriculture inputs for improving watermelon yields.

Agricultural practices to improve yields in small-scale farms in Africa usually focus on improving growing conditions for the crops by applying fertilizers, irrigation, and/or pesticides. This may, however, have limited effect on yield if the availability of effective pollinators is too low. In this study, we established an experiment to test whether soil fertility, soil moisture, and/or pollination was limiting watermelon () yields in Northern Tanzania.

More widespread alien tree species do not have larger impacts on regeneration of native tree species in a tropical forest reserve.

There is insufficient information regarding the factors affecting the environmental impacts of alien species. In particular, little is known about whether there is any relationship between the invasiveness (establishment and spread) of an introduced species and its per capita impact. We experimentally assessed the relationship between the extent of spread of up to 29 alien plant species and their impact on recruitment of native tree species in Amani Botanical Garden, Tanzania.

Relationship between population density and viral infection: A role for personality?

Conspecific density and animal personality (consistent among-individual differences in behavior) may both play an important role in disease ecology. Nevertheless, both factors have rarely been studied together but may provide insightful information in understanding pathogen transmission dynamics. In this study, we investigated how both personality and density affect viral infections both direct and indirectly, using the multimammate mice () and Morogoro arenavirus (MORV) as a model system.

Species composition and community structure of small pest rodents (Muridae) in cultivated and fallow fields in maize-growing areas in Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda.

Pest rodents remain key biotic constraints to cereal crops production in the East African region where they occur, especially in seasons of outbreaks. Despite that, Uganda has scant information on rodents as crop pests to guide effective management strategies.A capture-mark-recapture (CMR) technique was employed to study the ecology of small rodents, specifically to establish the species composition and community structure in a maize-based agro ecosystem.

Effect of clove () and seaweed () water extracts pretreatment on lipid oxidation in sun-dried sardines () from Lake Victoria, Tanzania.

Small indigenous fish species play a significant role in food and nutritional security of poor communities in developing countries. Sardines () are fish species of Lake Victoria known to be a good source of health-promoting omega-3 fatty acids. Open sun drying is a common and traditional sardine processing and preservation method.

Prevalence and predictors of undernutrition among underfive children in Arusha District, Tanzania.

Childhood undernutrition is a global health challenge impacting child growth and survival rates. This deficit in nutritional status contributes to the increasing chronic disease prevalence and economic burden in individuals and throughout developing contexts. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arusha District of Tanzania to determine the prevalence and predictors of undernutrition in 436 children.

Comparative phylogeography of mosquitoes and the role of past climatic change for evolution within Africa.

The study of demographic processes involved in species diversification and evolution ultimately provides explanations for the complex distribution of biodiversity on earth, indicates regions important for the maintenance and generation of biodiversity, and identifies biological units important for conservation or medical consequence. African and forest biota have both received relatively little attention with regard to understanding their diversification, although one possible mechanism is that this has been driven by historical climate change. To investigate this, we implemented a standard population genetics approach along with Approximate Bayesian Computation, using sequence data from two exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) nuclear loci and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, to investigate the evolutionary history of five medically important and inherently forest dependent mosquito species of the genus .

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project.

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.