Plant Adaptation and Soil Shear Strength: Unraveling the Drought Legacy in .

Climate change has led to an increasing frequency of droughts, potentially undermining soil stability. In such a changing environment, the shallow reinforcement effect of plant roots often fails to meet expectations. This study aims to explore whether this is associated with the alteration of plant traits as a response to environmental change.

Physical-Chemical Characterization of Fruit Harvested at Different Maturity Stages of Grafted Yellow Pitahaya ( Haw.).

The physicochemical properties of fruits at different maturity stages using grafting technology are of great importance since grafting can alter the nutritional and functional parameters of the fruit. In this study, grafted yellow pitahaya ( Haw.) fruit, grown on live tutors, was evaluated from stages 0 to 5.

Distribution of Vegetation and Soil Seed Banks Across Habitat Types in Paddy Fields Under Different Farming Practices.

Paddy field ecosystems are crucial for crop production, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem services. Although previous studies have examined paddy field biodiversity, few have addressed how the distribution and species richness of vegetation and soil seed banks are regulated. This study investigated the distribution of wetland plants and soil seed banks in paddy fields across diverse habitat types and identified factors influencing their patterns.

Spatial and Temporal Variability Management for All Farmers: A Cell-Size Approach to Enhance Coffee Yields and Optimize Inputs.

Coffee yield exhibits plant-level variability; however, due to operational issues, especially in smaller operations, the scouting and management of coffee yields are often hindered. Thus, a cell-size approach at the field level is proposed as a simple and efficient solution to overcome these constraints. This study aimed to present the feasibility of a cell-size approach to characterize spatio-temporal coffee production based on soil and plant attributes and yield (biennial effects) and to assess strategies for enhanced soil fertilization recommendations and economic results.

Perennial Grasses on Stony Sandy Loam : Summary of Results of Long-Term Experiment in Northern Europe Region (1995-2024).

Grasses can sustain soil functions despite nutrient depletion, which can have serious consequences for soil processes and ecosystem services. This paper summarizes the results of the long-term experiment (1995-2024) carried out in within a temperate climate zone, focusing on the productivity of natural and managed grasslands; their succession changes over time, and so do the effects on soil chemical properties, and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The results indicated that two land uses-abandoned land (AL) and grassland fertilized with mineral fertilizers (MGf)-can be effectively applied to prevent soil degradation.

Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by subsp. in Apulia.

subsp. (), a quarantine pathogen in the European Union, severely threatens Mediterranean olive production, especially in southern Italy, where Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) has devastated Apulian olive groves. This study addresses the urgent need to identify resistant olive genotypes by monitoring 16 potentially tolerant genotypes over six years, assessing symptom severity and bacterial load.

Patterns and Drivers of Surface Energy Flux in the Alpine Meadow Ecosystem in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China.

Alpine meadows are vital ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, significantly contributing to water conservation and climate regulation. This study examines the energy flux patterns and their driving factors in the alpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains, focusing on how the meteorological variables of net radiation (), air temperature, vapor pressure deficit (), wind speed (), and soil water content () influence sensible heat flux () and latent heat flux (). Using the Bowen ratio energy balance method, we monitored energy changes during the growing and non-growing seasons from 2022 to 2023.

Heartwood/Sapwood Characteristics of Oliv. Trunks and Their Relationship with Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Lower Tarim River, Northwest China.

The characteristics of heartwood and sapwood not only reflect tree growth and site quality but also provide insights into habitat changes. This study examines the natural Oliv. forest in the Arghan section of the lower Tarim River, comparing the heartwood and sapwood characteristics of at different distances from the river, as well as at varying trunk heights and diameters at breast height (DBH).

Cellulose-Based Aerogels for Environmentally Sustainable Applications: A Review of the Production, Modification, and Sorption of Environmental Contaminants.

Environmental pollution, stemming from the disposal of contaminants, poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health. The emergence of a new class of pollutants, termed emerging contaminants (ECs), in soil, water, and air has raised global concerns, aligning with the UN 2030 Agenda's Sustainable Development Goals. Aerogels, three-dimensional structures with high porosity and low density, offer promise in addressing this issue.

Microbial Biodegradation of Synthetic Polyethylene and Polyurethane Polymers by Pedospheric Microbes: Towards Sustainable Environmental Management.

This study attempted to isolate and identify pedospheric microbes originating in dumpsites and utilized them for the degradation of selected synthetic polymers for the first time in a cost-effective, ecologically favorable and sustainable manner. Specifically, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyurethane (PUR) were converted by the isolated fungi, i.e.

Optimizing Soil Stabilization with Chitosan: Investigating Acid Concentration, Temperature, and Long-Term Strength.

Civil and geotechnical researchers are searching for economical alternatives to replace traditional soil stabilizers such as cement, which have negative impacts on the environment. Chitosan biopolymer has shown its capacity to efficiently minimize soil erosion, reduce hydraulic conductivity, and adsorb heavy metals in soil that is contaminated. This research used unconfined compression strength (UCS) to investigate the impact of chitosan content, long-term strength assessment, acid concentration, and temperature on the improvement of soil strength.

Salt Stress Enhanced Bioactivity of Quinoa Leaf Extracts: An In Vitro and In Silico Study of Acetylcholinesterase and Tyrosinase Inhibition for Sustainable Drug Development.

Quinoa is recognized for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate the impact of salt stress induced by varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the production of phenolic compounds and their biological activities in different quinoa accessions. Leaves from three quinoa accessions (Q4, Q24, and Q45) cultivated under increasing NaCl treatments were subjected to chemical analysis using ethanol and water extract.

Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates of spp. and spp. in Wildlife and Their Environment from Portugal: A Positive Epidemiologic Outcome.

One of the significant challenges facing modern medicine is the rising rate of antibiotic resistance, which impacts public health, animal health, and environmental preservation. Evaluating antibiotic resistance in wildlife and their environments is crucial, as it offers essential insights into the dynamics of resistance patterns and promotes strategies for monitoring, prevention, and intervention. and genera isolates were recovered from fecal samples of wild animals and environmental samples using media without antibiotic supplementation.

Archival and Newly Isolated Historical Strains Populate the Deeper Phylogeny of the A.Br.075(Sterne) Clade.

The anthrax pathogen can remain dormant as spores in soil for many years. This applies to both natural foci and to sites of anthropogenic activity such as tanneries, abattoirs, or wool factories. The A.

Morphological and Chemical Changes in the Hemolymph of the Wax Moth Infected by the Entomopathogenic Fungus .

Hemolymph enables communication between organs in insects and ensures necessary coordination and homeostasis. Its composition can provide important information about the physiological state of an insect and can have diagnostic significance, which might be particularly important in the case of harmful insects subjected to biological control. Linnaeus 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a global pest to honey bee colonies.

Integrating Remote Sensing and Soil Features for Enhanced Machine Learning-Based Corn Yield Prediction in the Southern US.

Efficient and reliable corn ( L.) yield prediction is important for varietal selection by plant breeders and management decision-making by growers. Unlike prior studies that focus mainly on county-level or controlled laboratory-scale areas, this study targets a production-scale area, better representing real-world agricultural conditions and offering more practical relevance for farmers.

A Large-Scale Agricultural Land Classification Method Based on Synergistic Integration of Time Series Red-Edge Vegetation Index and Phenological Features.

Agricultural land classification plays a pivotal role in food security and ecological sustainability, yet achieving accurate large-scale mapping remains challenging. This study presents methodological innovations through a multi-level feature enhancement framework that transcends traditional time series analysis. Using Shandong Province, northern China's agricultural heartland, as a case study, we first established a foundation with time series red-edge vegetation indices (REVI) from Sentinel-2 imagery, uniquely combining the normalized difference red edge index (NDRE) and plant senescence reflectance index (PSRI).

Trends of Soil and Solution Nutrient Sensing for Open Field and Hydroponic Cultivation in Facilitated Smart Agriculture.

Efficient management of soil nutrients is essential for optimizing crop production, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices, and addressing the challenges posed by population growth and environmental degradation. Smart agriculture, using advanced technologies, plays an important role in achieving these goals by enabling real-time monitoring and precision management of nutrients. In open-field soil cultivation, spatial variability in soil properties demands site-specific nutrient management and integration with variable-rate technology (VRT) to optimize fertilizer application, reduce nutrient losses, and enhance crop yields.

Novel Visualization of Building Earthquake Response Recorded by a Dense Network of Sensors.

The strong motion records collected in full-scale structures provide the ultimate evidence of how real structures, in situ, respond to earthquakes. This paper presents a novel method for visualization, in three dimensions (3D), of the collective motion by a dense array of sensors in a building. The method is based on one- and two-dimensional biharmonic spline interpolation of the motion recorded by multiple sensors on the same or multiple floors.

Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Pesticides in Soil Based on Electronic Nose.

The rapid detection of petroleum hydrocarbons and organic pesticides is an important prerequisite for precise soil management. It is also a guarantee for soil quality, environmental safety, and human health. However, the current rapid detection methods are prone to sample matrix interference, complex development processes, short lifespan, and low detection accuracy.

Calibration of Low-Cost Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensors for Irrigation Management Applications.

The calibration of capacitive soil moisture sensors is an essential step towards their integration into smart solutions. This study investigates the calibration of a widely used low-cost capacitive soil moisture sensor (SKU:SEN0193, DFRobot, Shanghai, China) in a loamy silt soil typically found in the Puglia region of Italy. The calibration function was derived from a random sample of 12 sensors, with three soil sample replicas per sensor, each of which had one of five gravimetric soil moisture contents, from relatively dry (5%) to full saturation (40%).

Abnormal Operation Detection of Automated Orchard Irrigation System Actuators by Power Consumption Level.

Information and communication technology (ICT) components, especially actuators in automated irrigation systems, are essential for managing precise irrigation and optimal soil moisture, enhancing orchard growth and yield. However, actuator malfunctions can lead to inefficient irrigation, resulting in water imbalances that impact crop health and reduce productivity. The objective of this study was to develop a signal processing technique to detect potential malfunctions based on the power consumption level and operating status of actuators for an automated orchard irrigation system.

Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing Technology for Monitoring Soil Deformation Induced by Leakage in Buried Water Pipelines: A Model Test Study.

Water pipelines in water diversion projects can leak, leading to soil deformation and ground subsidence, necessitating research into soil deformation monitoring technology. This study conducted model tests to monitor soil deformation around leaking buried water pipelines using distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) technology based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). By arranging strain measurement fibers in a pipe-soil model, we investigated how leak location, leak size, pipe burial depth, and water flow velocity affect soil strain field monitoring results.

Inductive Power Transfer Coil Misalignment Perception and Correction for Wirelessly Recharging Underground Sensors.

Field implementations of fully underground sensor networks face many practical challenges that have limited their overall adoption. Power management is a commonly cited issue, as operators are required to either repeatedly excavate batteries for recharging or develop complex underground power infrastructures. Prior works have proposed wireless inductive power transfer (IPT) as a potential solution to these power management issues, but misalignment is a persistent issue in IPT systems, particularly in applications involving moving vehicles or obscured (e.

New Insights on Quality, Safety, Nutritional, and Nutraceutical Properties of Honeydew Honeys from Italy.

Honeydew honey is less studied than nectar honey, although it is characterized by peculiar nutritional properties. This is mainly due to its challenging production, which leads to easy counterfeiting and difficult valorization. This contribution aims to provide a comprehensive characterization of the physico-chemical, palynological, functional, and food safety properties of a large sampling of honeydew honeys collected throughout Italy.