Simple Method for the Objective Activity Type Assessment with Preschoolers, Children and Adolescents.

The objective and accurate assessment of children's sedentary and physical behavior is important for investigating their relation to health. The purpose of this study is to validate a simple and robust method for the identification of sitting, standing, walking, running and biking performed by preschool children, children and adolescents in the age from 3 to 16 years from a single thigh-worn accelerometer. A total of 96 children were included in the study and all subjects followed a structured activity protocol performed in the subject's normal kindergarten or school environment.

Tension between freedom and dependence-A challenge for residents who live in nursing homes.

Aims And Objectives: To present results from interviews of older people living in nursing homes, on how they experience freedom.

Background: We know that freedom is an existential human matter, and research shows that freedom remains important throughout life. Freedom is also important for older people, but further research is needed to determine how these people experience their freedom.

Inflammatory markers, the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, and vitamin B status after bariatric surgery.

Objective: Obesity is associated with increased inflammation and insulin resistance. In conditions with chronic immune activation, low plasma vitamin B6-levels are described, as well as an increased kynurenine:tryptophan-ratio (KTR). We investigated circulating tryptophan, kynurenine and its metabolites, neopterin, B-vitamins, CRP, and HbA1c in individuals with obesity before and after bariatric surgery.

Adaptation for participation!

Purpose: To explore children's experiences with testing, acquiring and using assistive devices.

Methods: Nine children (six boys, three girls, 9-12 years old, with different physical disability and activity experience, participated in semistructured interviews. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using Systematic text condensation.

The Arctic in the Twenty-First Century: Changing Biogeochemical Linkages across a Paraglacial Landscape of Greenland.

The Kangerlussuaq area of southwest Greenland encompasses diverse ecological, geomorphic, and climate gradients that function over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Ecosystems range from the microbial communities on the ice sheet and moisture-stressed terrestrial vegetation (and their associated herbivores) to freshwater and oligosaline lakes. These ecosystems are linked by a dynamic glacio-fluvial-aeolian geomorphic system that transports water, geological material, organic carbon and nutrients from the glacier surface to adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems.

Nordic walking and specific strength training for neck- and shoulder pain in office workers: a pilot-study.

Background: More than half of all adults have experienced neck pain during the last six months. Studies have demonstrated reduced pain in the neck-and shoulder region after specific strength training of the affected muscles, but specific endurance training of neck and shoulder muscles has not been properly examined.

Aim: To examine the impact of Nordic walking (NW) compared to specific strength training (ST) and a non-training control group (Con) on self-reported neck-and shoulder pain among office workers.

Weather and children's physical activity; how and why do relationships vary between countries?

Background: Globally most children do not engage in enough physical activity. Day length and weather conditions have been identified as determinants of physical activity, although how they may be overcome as barriers is not clear. We aim to examine if and how relationships between children's physical activity and weather and day length vary between countries and identify settings in which children were better able to maintain activity levels given the weather conditions they experienced.

Do nurses and other health professionals' in elderly care have education in family nursing?

Background: Family caregivers are an important resource for providing care to elderly living at home. How nurses and other health professionals interact with family caregivers can have both a positive and a negative impact on the family caregivers' situation. We lack knowledge of Norwegian nurses' and other health professionals' participation in educational programmes about family caregivers' needs and situations.

Understanding attitudes toward information and communication technology in home-care: Information and communication technology as a market good within Norwegian welfare services.

The aim of this study was to better understand nurses' and other staff members' attitudes toward the usefulness of information and communication technology in home-care settings. Research has found that beliefs about the expected benefits of information and communication technology impact the use of technology. Furthermore, inexperience with using information and communication technology may cause negative attitudes.

Access to information and counselling - older cancer patients' self-report: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: An increasingly older population, improved diagnostics and treatment increase the number of older cancer survivors, thus more than 60% of those affected by cancer are over the age of 65. Symptom relief and the prevention of functional impairment are important tasks for home care nursing, considering that patients can live a long time with their cancer disease and related side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which cancer patients over the age of 65 reported access to information and counselling from home care nursing services, including those offered by the cancer coordinator.

Improving Handovers Between Hospitals and Primary Care: Implementation of E-Messages and the Importance of Training.

The transfer of information and responsibility for care of a patient from one healthcare provider to another is referred to as a handover. While some handovers are effective and achieve high quality communication, others represent a barrier to continuity of care. To increase the patient safety, Norway decided to replace handovers with an electronic e-message system (EMS).

Motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness have greater influence on body fatness than physical activity across time.

We investigated the longitudinal associations among physical activity (PA), motor competence (MC), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO ), and body fatness across 7 years, and also analyzed the possible mediation effects of PA, MC, and VO on the relationships with body fatness. This was a seven-year longitudinal study with three measuring points (mean ages [in years] and respective sample size: 6.75±0.

Validity of noninvasive composite scores to assess cardiovascular risk in 10-year-old children.

Agreement between and classification accuracy of six different noninvasive composite scores and a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor score were investigated in 911 (466 boys and 445 girls) 10-year-old Norwegian children. A CVD risk factor score (triglyceride, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and cardiorespiratory fitness) and six noninvasive risk scores (fitness+three different measurements of fatness (body mass index (BMI), WHtR, and skinfolds), with and without inclusion of SBP) were calculated (mean z-score by gender). Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots.

Promoting workplace stair climbing: sometimes, not interfering is the best.

Background: Stair climbing is a vigorous activity and can lead to several health benefits. Studies seeking to increase stair climbing in various public locations have shown positive effects, while results from similar studies conducted in the workplace are inconclusive. This study examined stair climbing in the workplace, and monitored effects from a single- and a combined intervention.

Tracking of Gross Motor Coordination From Childhood Into Adolescence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze tracking and stability of motor coordination in children from age 6 years to ages 9 and 13 years.

Method: Data were from the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study. Motor coordination (MC) was measured using the körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test.

Cross-sectional associations of objectively measured physical activity with brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adolescents.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between objectively measured physical activity and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from 415 adolescents who participated in the 2015 follow-up of the Childhood Health Activity and Motor Performance School Study Denmark (the CHAMPS-study DK). Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry monitors.

The Prospective Association of Organized Sports Participation With Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children (the CHAMPS Study-DK).

Objective: To investigate the prospective association of organized leisure-time sports participation with cardiovascular risk in children.

Methods: Students were recruited from 10 public primary schools. From July 2009 to October 2010, parents reported children's weekly organized leisure-time sports participation via text messaging.

The effects of high resistance-few repetitions and low resistance-high repetitions resistance training on climbing performance.

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of different strength training intensities on climbing performance, climbing-specific tests and a general strength test. Thirty lower grade and intermediate-level climbers participated in a 10-week training programme. The participants were randomized into three groups: high resistance-few repetitions training groups (HR-FR), low resistance-high repetitions training groups (LR-HR) and a control group (CON) which continued climbing/training as usual.

Reference values for and cross-validation of time to exhaustion on a modified Balke protocol in Norwegian men and women.

The aims of the present study were to provide reference values for time to exhaustion (TTE) on a modified Balke treadmill protocol, and to perform a cross-validation of TTE as a measure of maximal oxygen consumption (VO ), in Norwegian men and women 20-85 years of age. Reference values for TTE were derived from a national sample of 765 subjects. An additional sample of 119 subjects was included in the cross-validation (total n = 884), where prediction equations for VO was established.

Resistance-training exercises with different stability requirements: time course of task specificity.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the task-specificity (greater improvements in trained compared to non-trained tasks), transferability and time-course adaptations of resistance-training programs with varying instability requirements.

Method: Thirty-six resistance-trained men were randomized to train chest press 2 days week for 10 week (6 repetitions × 4 series) using a Swiss ball, Smith machine or dumbbells. A six-repetition maximum-strength test with the aforementioned exercises and traditional barbell chest press were performed by all participants at the first, 7th, 14th and final training session in addition to electromyographic activities of the prime movers measured during isometric bench press.

Cardiorespiratory fitness cut points to avoid cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents; what level of fitness should raise a red flag? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between poor cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents.

Methods: Systematic literature search (1980 to 11 April 2015) for studies that determined a cardiorespiratory fitness cut point that predicted cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents.

Comparing Auditory Noise Treatment with Stimulant Medication on Cognitive Task Performance in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study.

Background: Recent research has shown that acoustic white noise (80 dB) can improve task performance in people with attention deficits and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is attributed to the phenomenon of stochastic resonance in which a certain amount of noise can improve performance in a brain that is not working at its optimum. We compare here the effect of noise exposure with the effect of stimulant medication on cognitive task performance in ADHD.