Alcohol use before and during pregnancy: a population-based study.

Background: Few population-based studies have estimated alcohol consumption and binge drinking before and during pregnancy.

Methods: The study is a longitudinal questionnaire study. In Norway, virtually 100% attend an ultrasound screening at 17-18 weeks of pregnancy.

Alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy comparing concurrent and retrospective reports.

Background: Reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy has proven to be higher when reported retrospectively during or after the pregnancy, compared with concurrent reports. In a longitudinal, population-based questionnaire study, we investigated whether these findings could be replicated.

Methods: A longitudinal, population-based questionnaire study.

Consistency of reported alcohol use by pregnant women: anonymous versus confidential questionnaires with item nonresponse differences.

Background: Self-report is the best method to attain information about moderate alcohol consumption. However, reported alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy is sensitive to response bias.

Methods: We compared identical questionnaires completed either confidentially or anonymously by pregnant women.

Cognitive remediation for adolescents with early onset psychosis: a 1-year follow-up study.

Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of a cognitive remediation programme for adolescents with early onset psychosis.

Method: Twenty-five subjects (cognitive remediation, n=14; control, n=11) were assessed on cognitive, clinical and psychosocial measures 1 year after discharge. All patients had received a psychoeducational programme, while the experimental group received the addition of a 30-h cognitive remediation programme.

Modification of performance on the Span of Apprehension Task in a group of young people with early onset psychosis.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of contingent monetary reinforcement and enhanced instructions on Span of Apprehension (SPAN) performance in a group of young people with early onset psychosis. Twenty-five participants (mean age 16.7) received a 3- and 12-letter version of the SPAN task six times: baseline, three x intervention, post-test, and 10-day follow-up.

A controlled randomized treatment study: the effects of a cognitive remediation program on adolescents with early onset psychosis.

Objective: To examine if a cognitive remediation program could be a positive supplement to a psychoeducational treatment program for adolescents with early onset psychosis.

Method: Twenty-six subjects, randomly assigned to cognitive remediation (n = 14) or control group (n = 12), were assessed on cognitive, clinical, psychosocial and behavioural measures.

Results: No significant between-group differences in pre- and post-treatment scores were found.

Psychosocial impairment is significant in young referred children with and without psychiatric diagnoses and cognitive delays--applicability and reliability of diagnoses in face of co-morbidity.

"Subthreshold" psychiatric symptoms with clinically significant psychosocial impairment are a diagnostic problem. They may reduce the reliability of classifications and the communicative value of diagnostic descriptions when specific diagnostic categories cannot be applied. This study was undertaken in order to test the reliability and applicability of psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial functioning scores as well as differences in psychosocial impairment in children referred to a neuropsychiatric outpatient unit.