Complex genetic interactions affect susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease risk in the BIN1 and MS4A6A loci.

Genetics is the second strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) after age. More than 70 loci have been implicated in AD susceptibility so far, and the genetic architecture of AD entails both additive and nonadditive contributions from these loci. To better understand nonadditive impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on AD risk, we examined individual, joint, and interacting (SNPxSNP) effects of 139 and 66 SNPs mapped to the BIN1 and MS4A6A AD-associated loci, respectively.

SNP rs6543176 is associated with extreme human longevity but increased risk for cancer.

Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) might offer insights into rare genetic variants associated with healthy aging and extreme longevity (EL), potentially pointing to useful therapeutic targets. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study using WGS data from the Long Life Family Study and identified a novel longevity-associated variant rs6543176 in the SLC9A2 gene. This SNP also showed a significant association with reduced hypertension risk and an increased, though not statistically significant, cancer risk.

Association of APOE alleles and polygenic profiles comprising APOE-TOMM40-APOC1 variants with Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging markers.

Introduction: TOMM40 and APOC1 variants can modulate the APOE-ε4-related Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk by up to fourfold. We aim to investigate whether the genetic modulation of ε4-related AD risk is reflected in brain morphology.

Methods: We tested whether 27 magnetic resonance imaging-derived neuroimaging markers of neurodegeneration (volume and thickness in temporo-limbic regions) are associated with APOE-TOMM40-APOC1 polygenic profiles using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set linked to the AD Genetic Consortium data.

The Role of Timing and Amount of Outdoor Play in Emotional Dysregulation in Preschool Children.

Background: Currently, the time children spend playing outdoors is at an all-time low. However, the existing literature suggests that outdoor play may have cognitive and emotional benefits for children.

Methods: The present study carried out a mediation analysis to explore whether amount and timing of outdoor play affects children's emotion regulation and whether working memory mediates these relations among 325 preschool children (M = 4.

Pleiotropic Associations with Alzheimer's Disease and Physical Activity: Sex Differences and the Effects of Environment.

Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable factor in mitigating/preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is crucial to identify the conditions under which PA's effects on AD risk would be beneficial. This study aims to gain insights into pleiotropic predisposition to AD and PA within and across sexes and environmental effects.

All Together Now: Data Work to Advance Privacy, Science, and Health in the Age of Synthetic Data.

There is a disconnect between data practices in biomedicine and public understanding of those data practices, and this disconnect is expanding rapidly every day (with the emergence of synthetic data and digital twins and more widely adopted Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning tools). Transparency alone is insufficient to bridge this gap. Concurrently, there is an increasingly complex landscape of laws, regulations, and institutional/ programmatic policies to navigate when engaged in biocomputing and digital health research, which makes it increasingly difficult for those wanting to "get it right" or "do the right thing.

Adolescents' Digital Technology Use, Emotional Dysregulation, and Self-Esteem: No Evidence of Same-Day Linkages.

Unlabelled: Concerns regarding the potential negative impacts of digital technology use on youth mental health and well-being are high. However, most studies have several methodological limitations: relying on cross-sectional designs and retrospective reports, assessing technology use as an omnibus construct, and focusing on between- instead of within-person comparisons. This study addresses these limitations by prospectively following young adolescents ( = 388) over a 14-day ecological momentary assessment study to test whether adolescents' digital technology use is linked with self-reported emotional dysregulation and self-esteem and whether these relationships are stronger for adolescent girls than boys.

Decomposition of Heart Failure Prevalence and Mortality Among Older Adults in the United States: Medicare-Based Partitioning Analysis.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a challenging clinical and public health problem characterized by high prevalence and mortality among US older adults, along with a recent decline in HF prevalence and increase in mortality. The changes of prevalence can be decomposed into pre-existing disease prevalence, disease incidence, and respective survival, while the changes of mortality can be decomposed into mortality in the general population independent from HF, pre-existing HF prevalence, incidence, and respective survival. These epidemiological components may contribute differently to the changes in prevalence and mortality.

Bodily awareness: Religious culture's associations with interoceptive sensibility.

Religions, as cultural systems, influence how people view and attune to their body. This research explores whether individual differences in various dimensions of religiosity are associated with interoceptive sensibility (IS), i.e.

The process of memory semantization as the result of interactions between individual, collective, and social memories.

The study of the links between episodic memory (memory of personal experiences) and semantic memory (memory of general knowledge about the world, others, and oneself) has played a significant role in psychology and neuroscience research for several decades. The way memories lose specificity and become semantized over time, and how these two major memory systems interact to represent the individual in the social world and allow to project themselves into the future, are particularly fascinating themes in understanding the mechanisms of autobiographical memory. Numerous studies rely on various memory pathologies, primarily amnesic syndromes but also other disorders where memory impairment is not the main symptom, such as autism spectrum disorders.

Individual and Catchment Area Factors Associated With Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Within the Military Health System.

Introduction: Breast and cervical cancer screening is critical to identifying cases at earlier stages in order to begin treatment earlier and improve survival. Screening rates have been shown to vary within the Military Health System (MHS). The goal is to estimate drivers of variation in screening rates within the MHS.

Sharing without clicking on news in social media.

Social media have enabled laypersons to disseminate, at scale, links to news and public affairs information. Many individuals share such links without first reading the linked information. Here we analysed over 35 million public Facebook posts with uniform resource locators shared between 2017 and 2020, and discovered that such 'shares without clicks' (SwoCs) constitute around 75% of forwarded links.

One in three or three in one: Integrating three competing theoretical models (TPB, VIP, and PADM) to explain the intentions to act/actions against climate change.

This study examines multidimensional factors affecting climate change response behavior. It constructs an integrated model based on the theory of planned behavior, value-identity-personal norms model, and protective action decision model, as a single theory cannot capture the complex nature of human behavior. Recent studies have shown that integrating theories include various influencing factors and indicate higher explanatory power.

Machine learning-based prediction models in medical decision-making in kidney disease: patient, caregiver, and clinician perspectives on trust and appropriate use.

Objectives: This study aims to improve the ethical use of machine learning (ML)-based clinical prediction models (CPMs) in shared decision-making for patients with kidney failure on dialysis. We explore factors that inform acceptability, interpretability, and implementation of ML-based CPMs among multiple constituent groups.

Materials And Methods: We collected and analyzed qualitative data from focus groups with varied end users, including: dialysis support providers (clinical providers and additional dialysis support providers such as dialysis clinic staff and social workers); patients; patients' caregivers (n = 52).

Importance of Modifiable Factors to Infant Health in the Context of Prenatal Opioid Use Disorder.

Objective: The aim of the study is to estimate the contributions of common and modifiable risk factors to birth outcomes of individuals with prenatal opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study of all Wisconsin Medicaid-covered singleton live births from 2011-2019. Using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for continuous, and the Fairlie extension for categorical outcomes, we estimated the contributions of comorbidities, tobacco use, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and gestational weight gain (GWG) to birthweight for gestational age (BW-GA) percentile associated with prenatal OUD and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA), net of other factors.

Metabolite signatures of chronological age, aging, survival, and longevity.

Metabolites that mark aging are not fully known. We analyze 408 plasma metabolites in Long Life Family Study participants to characterize markers of age, aging, extreme longevity, and mortality. We identify 308 metabolites associated with age, 258 metabolites that change over time, 230 metabolites associated with extreme longevity, and 152 metabolites associated with mortality risk.

How do environmental stressors influence migration? A meta-regression analysis of environmental migration literature.

Background: The amount of literature on environmental migration is increasing. However, existing studies exhibit contradictory results. A systematic synthesis of the environment-migration relationship is much needed.

Clinician and Practice Characteristics Associated With Support of Office-Based Methadone: Findings From a National Survey.

Background: Alternative models for methadone delivery outside of federal and state-regulated opioid treatment programs may improve access. We determined factors associated with clinician support for continuing office-based methadone.

Methods: We used data from the electronic Opioid Use Disorder Provider COVID-19 Survey conducted among X-waivered clinicians who were providing outpatient, longitudinal treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) from July 2020 to August 2020.

Parental age at birth, telomere length, and autism spectrum disorders in the UK Biobank cohort.

Older parental age at birth is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. Independently, shorter telomere length (TL) has also been shown to be associated with ASD in children. However, older paternal age at birth, with or without controlling for maternal age, has been associated with longer TL, a seemingly contradictory finding.

Quantifying the Fascicular Changes in Recovered Achilles Tendon Patients Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Tractography.

Regardless of the way of treatment, persistent deficits in calf muscles in recovered patients from Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exist long-term postinjury. Studies on calf muscle changes mostly highlight morphological changes in the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. However, limited attention has been given to fascicular changes.

Development of a metabolomic risk score for exposure to traffic-related air pollution: A multi-cohort study.

To synthesize vast amounts of high-throughput biological information, omics-fields like epigenetics have applied risk scores to develop biomarkers for environmental exposures. Extending the risk score analytic tool to the metabolomic data would be highly beneficial. This research aimed to develop and evaluate metabolomic risk score (metRS) approaches reflecting the biological response to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure (fine particulate matter, black carbon, and nitrogen dioxide).

Elevated blood glucose levels are associated with the progression of brain hypometabolism, and HDL-C and add to this association.

Background: Brain glucose hypometabolism has consistently been found in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). High blood glucose and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have also been linked to neurodegeneration and AD. However, there is limited understanding of the relationships between dementia-related risk factors in the brain and blood.

Resistance and resilience to tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease: Effects of age, sex, and alleles.

Introduction: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), a hallmark of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), accumulate in the aging brain. However, some individuals remain cognitively intact despite high Braak (III-VI) stages, which characterize NFTs' accumulation.

Methods: We studied resistance and resilience to tau pathology by assessing Braak stages based on apolipoprotein E () alleles, sex, and age in a sample of 1932 cognitively intact individuals of European ancestry from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP).