Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Pediatric Snakebite Envenomation: A Three-Year Retrospective Study From a Rural Tertiary Care Center in South India.

Background Snakebite envenomation remains a significant public health challenge in tropical countries, particularly affecting the pediatric population. Children are especially vulnerable because of their smaller body mass, outdoor activities, and delayed presentation to healthcare facilities. This study aimed to analyze the clinical profile, demographic patterns, and envenomation characteristics of snakebites in children aged 1-16 years presenting to a tertiary care center.

The neurotoxic effect of Naja nubiae (Serpentes: Elapidae) venom from Sudan.

Background: Neurotoxicity is a common feature of elapid snake envenomation. There are limited studies on the toxicity of Naja nubiae venom, the Nubian spitting cobra, from north-east Africa.

Methods: We used the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation to demonstrate the neurotoxic effect of N.

Elusive elapids: biogeographic venom variation in Indian kraits and its repercussion on snakebite therapy.

Snakebite is a major public health concern in many parts of the world, including India, where over 58,000 deaths occur annually due to snake envenoming. The common krait () is responsible for the second-highest number of snakebite-related mortalities in the country. However, despite its notoriety, little is known about its venom ecology, functions and compositional variation across bioclimatic zones, partly because these nocturnal snakes are highly elusive, making it difficult to find them in the wild.

ATAK (Adrenaline, Takotsubo, anaphylaxis, and Kounis hypersensitivity-associated syndrome) following common cobra (Naja naja) bite: A case report from Sri Lanka.

A 68-year-old woman, after an Indian cobra (Naja naja) bite, developed anaphylaxis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and Kounis syndrome. She was initially diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome after anaphylaxis due to exposure to cobra venom, indicating Kounis syndrome. The echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and almost complete reversal of dyskinetic myocardium established Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Clinical presentation, outcome and management of snakebite cases in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Snakebite envenomation remains a significant public health concern in Asir Province of Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To characterize snake species and the clinical presentation, outcome and management of snakebite cases admitted to 4 major hospitals in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia .

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed medical records of paediatric and adult snakebite cases admitted to 4 regional hospitals in Saudi Arabia between January 2000 and December 2021 using search terms "snakebite", "cobra", "polyvalent antivenin", "antivenom", "compartment syndrome", and "fasciotomy".

Snake venom weakens neurovascular integrity and promotes vulnerability to neuroinflammation.

Snake envenomation poses significant medical challenges, particularly in subtropical and tropical regions, with long-term impacts on neurovascular integrity and neuroinflammation remaining underexplored. This study investigates the effects of venom from four species of venomous snakes in southern China-Zhoushan Cobra (Naja atra, NA), Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus, BM), Five-paced Pit Viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus, DA), and Chinese Moccasin (Protobothrops mucrosquamatus, PM) - on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and chronic neuroinflammation. Using mass spectrometry, we analyzed venom protein compositions, while cytotoxic effects on mouse brain endothelial cells (bEND.

Snakebite-induced reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: Report of three cases.

Envenomings from Russell's viper typically result in local tissue damage and bleeding complications, but the bites from common krait and cobra primarily cause neurotoxic effects. While most symptoms can be treated with appropriate antivenom, additional support is necessary for several snakebite victims to tackle a broad range of unusual complications that they develop following bites. Reversible vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), characterised by the constriction of cerebral arteries, is a rare but serious issue, presenting with severe headaches and, in extreme cases, haemorrhagic/ischaemic stroke.

Production of an Efficient Enzymatically Fab Fragment Antivenom against Cobra Snake () Venom.

Since around 100 years ago, the best treatment for millions of global snakebite victims has been polyclonal antivenoms. However, common antivenoms need continuous improvement to reduce rare, their side effects and get better performance. In the present study, Fab antivenom was produced through papain digestion of anti-cobra venom plasma, multi-step purification, and optimization, including ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.

Identification of antigenic proteins from the venom of Malaysian snakes using immunoprecipitation assay and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Snake envenomation poses a significant risk to Malaysians and country visitors. Malaysia witnesses an estimated 650 snake bites per 100,000 population annually. The primary treatment for snake envenomation involves administering antivenom derived from horses, despite its drawbacks, such as anaphylactic reactions and serum sickness.

Composition, pharmacology, and pathophysiology of the venom of monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia)- a medically crucial venomous snake of southeast Asia: An updated review.

The Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia), a category one medically significant snake from the Elapidae family, inflicts severe envenomation in South and Southeast Asian countries. N. kaouthia is distributed throughout the eastern and northeastern parts of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and southwestern China.

Development and characterization of nanobody against envenomation by Naja naja oxiana.

Snakebites are considered a significant health issue. Current antivenoms contain polyclonal antibodies, which vary in their specificity against different venom components. Development and characterization of next generation antivenoms including nanobodies against Naja naja oxiana was the main aim of this study.

From birth to bite: the evolutionary ecology of India's medically most important snake venoms.

Background: Snake venoms can exhibit remarkable inter- and intraspecific variation. While diverse ecological and environmental factors are theorised to explain this variation, only a handful of studies have attempted to unravel their precise roles. This knowledge gap not only impedes our understanding of venom evolution but may also have dire consequences on snakebite treatment.

Molecular dissection of cobra venom highlights heparinoids as an antidote for spitting cobra envenoming.

Snakebites affect about 1.8 million people annually. The current standard of care involves antibody-based antivenoms, which can be difficult to access and are generally not effective against local tissue injury, the primary cause of morbidity.