Precision Medicine in Congenital Heart Disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease, and Kawasaki Disease of Children: An Overview of Literature.

Congenital heart disease and common acquired heart diseases like Kawasaki disease and rheumatic heart disease are prevalent cardiovascular conditions in children worldwide. Despite the availability of treatment options, they continue to be significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. Advancements in early diagnosis, improvements in treatment approaches, and overcoming resistance to available treatments are crucial to reduce morbidity.

A Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Metformin Hydrochloride and Myo-Inositol Compared to Metformin in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) poses a significant health concern among reproductive-aged women and is characterized by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin and myo-inositol combination therapy compared to metformin monotherapy in patients with PCOS. Materials and methods This was a phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Endoscopic management of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis strictures: meta-analysis and systematic literature review.

Background: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a common surgical procedure for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. IPAA strictures are a known complication, often requiring surgical intervention. Endoscopic interventions offer a less invasive alternative, but their safety and efficacy remain uncertain.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Student-generated Scenario-based Questions as a Tool for Active Learning.

Background: Active learning is not new as an educational philosophy and its benefits over passive learning modes are well known. In a competency-based framework, active learning is one of the key thrust areas. However, across the globe studies have shown that its implementation is wrought with challenges and limitations.

Craniosynostosis in Siblings, an Extremely Rare Occurrence: A Case Report.

Craniosynostosis (CS) is the premature fusion of skull sutures, with all sutures except the metopic suture typically fusing in adulthood. Premature fusion constrains brain growth, leading to abnormal skull shape and potential neurocognitive or neurological issues, along with syndromic features in some cases. While CS is rare, its occurrence in siblings is exceptionally uncommon and holds significant academic importance.

Marchiafava-Bignami Disease in a Postoperative Non-alcoholic Patient.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a neuropathological condition characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. This condition is commonly found in malnourished and alcoholic patients, but it is rarely observed in non-alcoholic individuals. In this case report, we describe a non-alcoholic patient who underwent two consecutive gastrointestinal surgeries.

Examining Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels Among Kidney Disease Patients in the United States Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Database: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Kidney diseases have a gradual and subtle onset, which usually results in end-stage renal disease with patients requiring renal replacement therapy. Though pharmacotherapy plays a crucial role, integrating lifestyle modifications like increased physical exercise has been associated with significant improvement in health for kidney disease patients.

Aims: This study aims to retrospectively analyze the prevalence of self-reported physical activity among patients of kidney disease in the United States, based on demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access variables for the year 2021.

Induction of Labor: A Narrative Review on Cost Efficiency in Maternity Care.

The clinical and financial implications of induction of labor (IOL) in comparison to elective cesarean sections and expectant management are examined in this review. IOL is frequently used to avoid complications such as hypertensive disorders and stillbirth, but is can be expensive, particularly if a failed induction is followed by a cesarean. The cost-effectiveness of IOL varies based on factors such as gestational age, maternal obesity, and prior cesareans.

Bilateral Dermoid Ovarian Cysts in a Young Woman - A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background/aim: Ovarian tumors are a common type of neoplasm in women, with mature cystic teratomas being the most frequent variant. These tumors occur bilaterally in approximately 10% of cases. However, bilateral and multiple occurrences are rarely reported.

Catastrophic spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma following thrombolysis: An intersection of neurosurgical and cardiological challenges - An institutional experience.

Catastrophic spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) following thrombolysis poses a complex intersection of neurosurgical and cardiological challenges. This case report presents the institutional experience of a 66-year-old female who developed rapid-onset compressive myelopathy after thrombolysis for inferior wall myocardial infarction with injection streptokinase. SSEH, although rare, demands prompt recognition due to its potential for permanent neurologic injury and mortality.

Shared Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Psoriasis: Unraveling the Connection.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis are both chronic autoimmune diseases with a unique set of characteristics. Interestingly, both conditions share considerable overlap in their pathophysiological mechanisms and immune dysregulation. Epidemiological studies validate the relationship by showing a greater prevalence of co-occurrence of the two disorders.

Curbside Consults Salt-Free Potassium-Enriched Substitute Versus Salt-Free Diet in Hypertension: Which Is Better?

This article examines the potential benefits of using potassium-enriched salt and following a salt-free diet to control hypertension, a prevalent global condition and a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. The article explores the impact of sodium on high blood pressure, explains what potassium-fortified salt is, and includes personal experiences. The article also examines the scientific proof backing potassium-fortified salt, evaluating its advantages and constraints.

Improvement in Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Knowledge: A Pre- and Post-video Intervention Study Among Doctors.

Background Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a significant public health concern, contributing to mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs worldwide. Healthcare practitioners especially doctors play a vital role in identifying and reporting ADR. This study investigates the prevalence of knowledge regarding ADR among doctors and enhances it with educational intervention.

Hearts in the sky: understanding the cardiovascular implications of air travel.

Air travel is widely regarded as the safest mode of transportation, with the United States leading in airline passengers. However, travelers with pre-existing heart conditions face acute cardiovascular risks. Flight pilots and cabin crew are particularly vulnerable to air travel's physiological changes, which can significantly impair their health and performance.

Newer Modalities and Updates in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review.

Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common autosomal recessive genetic disorder, affects the hemoglobin (Hb) chains in human red blood cells. It is caused by mutations in the β-globin genes, leading to the production of hemoglobin S, which results in the formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells (RBCs). These abnormal cells cause hemolysis, endothelial damage, and small vessel occlusion, leading to both acute and long-term complications.

Endoscopic Management of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Anastomosis Strictures: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Anastomotic strictures following colectomy and proctectomy are a significant cause of benign lower gastrointestinal tract (LGIT) obstruction, with a reported incidence of up to 30%. Endoscopic interventions such as balloon dilation, stricturotomy, mechanical dilation, electrocautery incision, and stent placement are utilized for management. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic interventions for the management of benign LGIT anastomotic strictures.

Middle-aged women with hematodiaphyseal dysplasia: Ghosal syndrome: Case report.

Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia (GHDD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased bone density involving diaphyses of long bones and defective hematopoiesis. It is due to biallelic variants in the TBXAS1 (OMIM*274180) gene, which encodes for thromboxane synthase. We present a rare case of a middle-aged woman who presented with chronic anemia and bone pain.

Endovascular Embolization in a Rare Case of Left Basal Ganglia Large Arteriovenous Malformation with Hydrocephalus: A Case Report.

Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare congenital disorder affecting young adults with an incidence of 0.94 per 100,000 population. Intracranial digital subtraction angiography has to be done in all patients and grading of AVM is done as per Spetzler-Martin grading.

A Rare Complex Case Report: Bilateral Congenital Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia Associated with Ruptured Left True Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm.

Congenital internal carotid artery hypoplasia is a rare condition characterized by underdevelopment or reduced caliber of the internal carotid artery during embryonic development. This anomaly presents significant challenges in management, particularly in neurosurgical interventions for cerebrovascular events. We present a case report of a 67-year-old male who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraparenchymal hemorrhage extending as intraventricular hemorrhage due to a ruptured left true posterior communicating artery aneurysm, associated with intraoperative findings of left internal carotid artery aneurysm, accompanied by incidental findings of bilateral congenital hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery on computed tomography angiography.

A Detailed Systematic Review Comparing Patent Foramen Ovale Closure vs Medical Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Cryptogenic Stroke.

Cryptogenic stroke refers to a type of ischemic stroke with no identifiable cause despite extensive diagnostic testing. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) treatment modality for the prevention of cryptogenic stroke has been controversial. We undertook this systematic review to compare the efficacy of PFO closure versus medical therapy in preventing recurrent cryptogenic stroke and to provide insight into the most effective treatment modality.

Understanding the Correlation between Blood Profile and the Duration of Hospitalization in Pediatric Bronchopneumonia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Original Article.

Introduction: Pediatric bronchopneumonia is a prevalent life-threatening disease, particularly in developing countries. Affordable and accessible blood biomarkers are needed to predict disease severity which can be based on the Duration of Hospitalization (DOH).

Aim Of The Study: To assess the significance and correlation between differential blood profiles, especially the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and the DOH in bronchopneumonia children.