Retinal ganglion cells thinning in eyes with nonproliferative idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2A.

Purpose: To analyze the changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in eyes with nonproliferative macular telangiectasia type 2A (MacTel), by evaluating macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in comparison to age-matched healthy volunteers.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 99 eyes (53 subjects) with nonproliferative MacTel who underwent fundus fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography using Cirrus HD-OCT. We also included 44 eyes of 33 age-matched healthy Indian volunteers as control group.

Choroidal thickness profi le in healthy Indian subjects.

Purpose: The aim was to study choroidal thickness (CT) and its profile based on location in healthy Indian subjects using Cirrus high definition (HD) optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: A total of 211 eyes of 115 healthy subjects with no retinal or choroidal disease were consecutively scanned using Cirrus HD 1 line raster scan mode without pupillary dilation. Eyes with any ocular disease or axial length (AXL) >24 mm or <20 mm were excluded.

Echographic study of extraocular muscle thickness in normal Indian population.

Purpose: To establish normative data of extraocular muscle (EOM) dimensions, both vertically and horizontally, using a reproducible echographic method in various age groups.

Methods: Two hundred eyes of 100 healthy subjects (50 males and rest females) were included in this prospective observational study. All subjects were divided into 5 groups with an interval of 10 years from 10 to 60 years.

Choroidal thickness in macular telangiectasia type 2.

Purpose: To assess the choroidal thickness changes in eyes with macular telangiectasia Type 2 and their relationship with the integrity of outer retinal structures and visual acuity.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study that included 81 eyes (41 subjects) with macular telangiectasia Type 2, including 21 women who underwent enhanced depth choroidal imaging. The choroidal thickness measurements were made at the fovea and at 5 points with an interval of 500 μm in both directions, nasal and temporal from the fovea, and were compared with age-matched healthy subjects.

Choroidal imaging: A review.

Being the most vascular tissue of the eye, importance of the choroid has been very well established in various retinal and chorio-retinal diseases. Understanding of the choroidal structures has improved significantly since the evolution of enhanced depth imaging. Quantitative assessment of choroidal measurements has been found to be reproducible using different devices.

Artifacts in optical coherence tomography.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now an integral part of management for numerous retinal diseases for diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up. OCT interpretation must involve the understanding of the associated artifacts. These artifacts can mislead physicians to wrong diagnosis or inappropriate management.

Vitreo-retinal interface changes on optical coherence tomography in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole.

Aim: To study the vitreo-retinal interface and macular changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole.

Methods: Patients with idiopathic macular hole in one or both eyes presented to our institute between January 2003 and December 2009 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic details, best-corrected visual acuity and vitreo-retinal interface, and macular changes of the fellow eye on OCT were studied.

Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus.

Herein, we report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus. The organism was sensitive to gentamicin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol and resistant to cefazolin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The patient was successfully treated with vitrectomy and sensitivity-based intravitreal vancomycin.

Traumatic endophthalmitis caused by Staphylococcus gallinarum.

Herein, we describe what we believe to be the first case of traumatic endophthalmitis caused by Staphylococcus gallinarum, following injury with an iron nail. The patient was successfully treated by vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of cefazolin and vancomycin.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endogenous endophthalmitis: clinical presentation, sensitivity spectrum and management.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is gaining importance as a community-acquired pathogen, after becoming firmly established as a nosocomial pathogen. Here we report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis due to S. maltophilia.

Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy following indocyanine green dye-assisted surgery for serous macular detachment.

To report subretinal migration of indocyanine green dye (ICG) and subsequent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy during macular surgery for serous macular detachment. A 65-year-old woman presented with residual epiretinal membrane and serous detachment of the macula following vitreoretinal surgery for epiretinal membrane. She underwent resurgery with ICG-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling and intraocular tamponade.

One-year results of verteporfin therapy for subretinal neovascularization associated with type 2A parafoveal telengiectasia.

Background: To report the 12 months follow up results of verteporfin therapy for subretinal neovascularization (SRNV) associated with type 2A parafoveal telangiectasia (PFT).

Methods: A Prospective interventional case series. Patients who completed 12 months follow up following photodynamic dynamic therapy with verteporfin for subretinal neovascularistion with Type 2A PFT were studied.

The future implications and indications of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in ophthalmic practice.

In the last few years anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has changed the paradigm in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Besides, its potential use in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and other possible proliferative vascular disorders has also shown promise. Clinical trial results have shown tremendous beneficial effect of ranibizumab in ARMD.

Measurement of greatest linear diameter for choroidal neovascular membrane using optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: Correlation of greatest linear diameter (GLD) of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) measured by fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Retrospective noninterventional observational case series.

Methods: Patients who underwent verteporfin therapy for subfoveal classic CNV were assessed.

Verteporfin therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Indian eyes.

Purpose: To determine visual outcome after a 12-month follow-up period of verteporfin therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Indian patients.

Methods: Twenty-five patients (26 eyes) who completed a 12-month follow-up after photodynamic therapy for subfoveal CNV secondary to AMD were included in the study. The follow-up schedule was every month for 2 months and then every 3 months thereafter until 12 months.

Optical coherence tomographic evaluation of macular infarction following dapsone overdose.

A 16-year-old girl had decrease in vision following dapsone overdose. This case demonstrated optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation of macular infarction following dapsone poisoning. OCT showed characteristic serial changes as Stage 1: Cystic macular edema, Stage 2: Resolving cystic change and Stage 3: Foveal atrophy.

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the management of exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the management of bacterial endophthalmitis.

Design: Interventional case series.

Methods: This pilot case series included five patients (three patients after trauma and two patients after cataract surgery) with culture proven bacterial endophthalmitis.

Optical coherence tomographic pattern of fluorescein angiographic leakage site in acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To study the optical coherence tomography (OCT) pattern of the fluorescein angiographic leakage in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: This is a non-interventional pilot case study. OCT line scan was performed over the fluorescein angiographic leak site in eyes clinically diagnosed acute CSCR.

Transpupillary thermotherapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To determine whether transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) causes resolution of neurosensory detachment associated with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: The study was a prospective interventional pilot study. All patients underwent Snellen visual acuity measurement (converted to LogMAR for analysis), slitlamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, colour fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Bilateral sequential photodynamic therapy for sub-retinal neovascularization with type 2A parafoveal telangiectasis.

Purpose: To report the results of repeated bilateral sequential photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for sub-retinal neovascularization associated with parafoveal telengiectasia.

Design: Interventional case series.

Methods: Three patients (minimum of 6-month follow-up) were analyzed after bilateral sequential PDT for parafoveal telengiectasia-associated sub-retinal neovascularization.

A comparative study of epiretinal membranes associated with Eales' disease: a clinicopathologic evaluation.

Aim: To study the histopathologic features and clinical correlation of epiretinal membranes (ERM) obtained from patients of Eales' disease and compare with other vasoproliferative disorders.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of epiretinal membranes submitted for histological evaluation between January 1995 and June 2001, from the patients of diabetic retinopathy and vascular occlusions (Group 1; vaso-occlusive disorders) and of Eales' disease (Group 2; vasoinflammatory disorders). Demographics, pre and postoperative visual acuity, and anatomic and histologic characteristics of membranes were studied.

Retinal detachment in south India-presentation and treatment outcomes.

Background: Although the presentation and treatment outcomes of retinal detachments in wealthy countries are well known, much less is known about retinal detachment in the developing world. This study reports the presentation and outcomes of 433 rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in South India.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was undertaken of all operated cases of retinal detachment in a tertiary care centre, from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2000.

von Hippel angioma in South Indian subjects--a clinical study.

Purpose: To assess the management strategies for retinal capillary hemangioma in von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Study Design: A retrospective, nonconsecutive case series of 12 patients.

Methods: We reviewed the records of patients diagnosed with retinal capillary hemangioma from January 1996 to June 2002.