Cross-sectional study of psychiatric morbidity in patients with melasma.

Context: Patients with dermatological problems have higher prevalence of psychiatric illnesses than the general population. Melasma, hyperpigmentation of skin over sun-exposed areas, has bidirectional cause-effect relationship with depression and stress through psycho-neuro-endocrine pathways.

Aims: The aim of this study is to study the psychiatric morbidity and perceived stress in patients with melasma and statistically compare objective study parameters with those without melasma.

Innovative Use of Tympanometry and Scintigraphy in Preoperative Assessment of the Patients with Chronic Otitis Media.

Normal middle ear volume indicates the well ventilated middle ear and subsequently the normal function of the Eustachian tube. We carried out preoperative assessment of the middle ear volume by tympanometry and scintigraphic evaluation of Eustachian tube patency in patients with unilateral otitis media. We correlated the middle ear volume and Eustachian tube patency in these patients.

Comparison of Epidural Analgesia Using 0.2% Bupivacaine and 0.2% Ropivacaine for the Management of Postoperative Pain in Major Orthopedic Surgery.

Introduction: Ropivacaine is preferred over racemic bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia as it is less cardiotoxic and has high selectivity for sensory fibers. We aim to compare postoperative epidural analgesia using 0.2% bupivacaine and 0.

Screw Intramedullary Elastic Nail Fixation in Midshaft Clavicle Fractures: A Clinical Outcome in 36 Patients.

Background: Surgical stabilization of displaced midshaft clavicle fracture can be achieved by an intramedullary nail or plate. When intramedullary nail is used, one of the dreaded complications is the migration of nail. We have used a screw intramedullary device with screw mechanism at one end which can get hold in the medial cancellous bone, thus preventing chances of nail migration.

Comparative Study of Efficacy of Preoperative Nalbuphine Hydrochloride and Pentazocine Lactate on Hemodynamic Response to Tracheal Intubation and Postoperative Analgesia.

Background: For General anaesthesia perioperative administration of opioids are choice of drugs to attenuate intubation response and to provide good intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids produces powerful analgesia without undesirable side effects.

Aim: Aim of present study to compare efficacy of Nalbuphine and Pentazocine on hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation and postoperative analgesia.

Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology of Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: A Meaningful Adjunct to Diagnosis.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic modality which can be performed with ease on any superficially palpable lesion. Surgical scar endometriosis is a rare entity which presents as an abdominal lump in women of reproductive age. It is often a diagnostic pitfall for clinicians due to its nonspecific symptoms.

The Learning Curve in Surgical Practice and Its Applicability to Rhinoplasty.

The learning curve as a concept has been considered, discussed and debated in medical education and healthcare for over two decades. The precise usage has been recognised in surgical disciplines both broad specialties and sub-specialties. Rollin Daniel in his book stated that, rhinoplasty is the most difficult of all cosmetic operations for three reasons, (a) nasal anatomy is highly variable, (b) the procedure must correct form and function and (c) the final result must meet the patients expectations.

Opportunistic free: Living amoeba now becoming a usual pathogen?

Acanthamoeba species cause granulomatous Acanthamoeba encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of acute purulent meningoencephalitis with a focal neurological deficit caused by Acanthamoeba species in a 2 years immunocompetent child.

Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Caudal Dexamethasone with Intravenous Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Caudal Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Urogenital Surgeries.

Context: Caudal block is one of the most common regional anesthetic techniques employed in pediatric urogenital surgeries. Adjuvants play an important role to improve postoperative analgesia.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of dexamethasone when given systemically as against caudally as an adjuvant to caudal block.

Immunohistochemical Study of MUC1 and MUC5AC Expression in Gall Bladder Lesions.

Introduction: Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of mucin family are associated with various Gallbladder Lesions (GBLs).

Aim: To study the distribution of GBL with respect to age and sex as well as to analyse the IHC profile of MUC1 and MUC5AC in GBLs and attempt correlation with clinical and histopathological findings.

Materials And Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of six years.

Comparison between clinical and audiological results of tympanoplasty with double layer graft (modified sandwich fascia) technique and single layer graft (underlay fascia and underlay cartilage) technique.

Introduction: Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane, termed a type one tympanoplasty is a tried and tested treatment modality. Overlay or underlay technique of tympanoplasty is common. Sandwich Tympanoplasty is the combined overlay and underlay grafting of tympanic membrane.

DHS osteosynthesis with internal bone grafting in unstable delayed presented intracapsular neck femur fractures.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess fracture union and complications following use of dynamic hip screw (DHS) with internal bone grafting in treatment of unstable delayed presented intracapsular neck femur fractures in patients younger than 65 years of age.

Material And Methods: Thirty two patients with displaced intracapsular neck femur fractures(Garden III and IV, Pauwels III, with comminution) with delayed presentation (15-60 days) in the 45-65 year age group (mean 54.4±10.

Lignocaine Versus Ropivacaine Infiltration for Postpartum Perineal Pain.

Background: Millions of women worldwide undergo postpartum perineal repair under local infiltration. Inadequate postpartum pain management can negatively impact a mother's physical and psychological recovery.

Aims: To study and compare the analgesic effect and maternal satisfaction with lignocaine versus ropivacaine infiltration for postpartum perineal pain relief.

Clinicopathological Study of Carcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater with Special Reference to MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC Expression.

Introduction: The ampulla of Vater consists of papilla, common channel, distal common bile duct and the distal main pancreatic duct. Ampullary carcinomas arise from two different types of mucosa, reflecting their broad histomorphological spectrum. Adenocarcinomas originating in the ampulla of Vater are classified as having either 'Intestinal' or 'Pancreatobiliary' type of differentiation.

An Unusual Case of Eosinophilia.

Various inflammatory markers have been used to show an association between welding and respiratory tract disorders due to inhalation of fumes. We hereby present a case of 19-year-old male, welder by occupation who presented with upper respiratory tract infection and was documented to have persistent moderate eosinophilia on serial Complete Blood Count (CBC) examination. This was also confirmed by bone marrow examination which was suggestive of increased eosinophilic precursors.

Immunohistochemical Study of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC Expression in Primary Breast Carcinoma.

Introduction: Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer among women in India and accounts for 7% of global burden of BC and one-fifth of all Cancers (CA) among women in India.

Aim: This study was conducted for studying the expression of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC in breast carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Fifty cases of primary breast carcinoma diagnosed between years 2013 to 2015 were included in the study.

Comparison between clinical and audiological results of tympanoplasty with modified sandwich technique and underlay technique.

Introduction: Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane, termed a type one tympanoplasty is a tried and tested treatment modality. Overlay or underlay technique of tympanoplasty is common. Sandwich tympanoplasty is the combined overlay and underlay grafting of tympanic membrane.

Role of CD10 Immunoexpression in Grading Phyllodes Tumour of the Breast.

Introduction: Fibroepithelial tumours are a heterogeneous group of biphasic neoplasms consisting of a proliferation of both epithelial and stromal components. Fibroadenoma (FA) and Phyllodes Tumour (PT) constitute the major entities. It is crucial to distinguish benign from borderline PT (low grade malignant PT), because the former do not metastasize, have a lesser risk of local recurrence and initial local recurrences are histologically benign in almost all instances.

Study of Immunohistochemical Markers (CK-19, CD-56, Ki-67, p53) in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Solitary Thyroid Nodules with special Reference to Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas.

Introduction: Solitary Thyroid Nodule (STN) has provoked increased concern owing to higher incidence of malignancy. The inter and intra observer variation in the histomorphological diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTC) may sometimes pose a diagnostic difficulty.

Aim: This study was undertaken to analyse immunohistochemical (IHC) markers (CK-19, CD-56, p53, Ki-67) to differentiate between benign and malignant surgically resected STN along with their utility in the identification of PTC.

Study of Invasive Pneumococcal Infection in Adults with Reference to Penicillin Resistance.

Background: Invasive pneumococcal infections often prove rapidly fatal, even where good medical treatment is readily available. In developed countries, up to 20% of people who contract pneumococcal meningitis die; however, in developing world, mortality is closer to 50%, even among hospitalized patients. The World Health Organization estimated 600,000-800,000 adult deaths each year from pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

To Study Efficacy of Medical Thoracoscopy in Undiagnosed Pleural Effusions.

Background: Medical thoracoscopy has received interest in recent past for diagnostic as well as therapeutic uses. In this study we describe our experience with diagnostic medical thoracoscopy in pleural effusions of undiagnosed etiology.

Objective: 1.

Comparative Pre-Emptive Analgesic Efficacy Study of Novel Antiepileptic Agents Lamotrigine and Topiramate in Patients Undergoing Major Surgeries at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: Central nervous sensitization, following surgical injury, leads to postoperative pain hypersensitivity due to lowered pain threshold in peripheral nociceptors and increased excitability of spinal neurons. Pre-emptive analgesia is intended to decrease pain perception and overall analgesic need by use of drug regimen, seizing CNS sensitization before exposure to painful stimuli. Few studies support pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of novel antiepileptic agent Gabapentin.

A rare case of renal metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Cervical cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women in many developing countries. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix spreads principally by lymphatics and less commonly through blood vessels. The most frequent sites for those who develop distant metastasis include lungs (21%), lumbar and thoracic spine (16%), and para-aortic lymph nodes (7%).

A Retrospective Study of Drug Induced Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (CADR) in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objectives: Find possible causative agents causing cutaneous adverse reactions; clinical patterns, causality and severity of Drug induced cutaneous adverse reactions (CADR) and treatment outcome.

Methods: Retrospective study was undertaken including cases of CADR. Causality, preventability and severity of Drug Induced cutaneous reactions were judged with the use of Naranjo's algorithm, WHO causality scale, modified Schumock and Thorton scale, and Hartwig's scale respectively.