Smoking Cessation Success and Affecting Factors in Geriatric Patients.

Background: There are difficulties in the treatment of smoking cessation in elderly patients. However, elderly smokers who gave up smoking had lower rates of death from heart attack, stroke, and cancer, as well as improved cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the affecting factors and the success of smoking cessation rate in patients aged 60 and over in Turkey.

Frequency and characteristics of asthma in smokers attending smoking cessation units in Spain.

Introduction: The interaction between smoking and asthma impairs lung function and increases airflow obstruction severity. The identification of smoking patterns in smokers with and without asthma is crucial to provide the best care strategies. The aims of this study are to estimate asthma frequency, describe asthma features, and characterize smoking in smokers attending smoking cessation units.

The Impact of Psychiatric Disorder Diagnosis on Motivation to Quit and Stage of Change Among Patients at a Hospital-Based Outpatient Smoking Cessation Clinic.

Smoking is among the greatest international public health concerns, causing excessive levels of preventable premature death, disability, and economic costs. The prevalence of tobacco use among people with psychiatric disorders (PDs) remains persistently high relative to the general population, highlighting the need to improve smoking cessation (SC) strategies in this group. We aimed to assess the associations between having a PD and baseline motivation to quit (MtQ) smoking and Prochaska's stage of change (SoC), two clinically important metrics linked to SC outcomes.

Effects of electronic cigarette on platelet and vascular function after four months of use.

We examined the effects of electronic cigarette on platelet and vascular function after 4 months of use compared to tobacco smoking. Forty smokers without cardiovascular disease were randomized to smoke either conventional cigarettes or an electronic cigarette (nicotine concentration of 12 mg/ml). At baseline and after four months, we measured a) platelet function by Platelet Function Analyzer PFA-100 and Light Transmission Aggregometry, b) pulse wave velocity, c) plasma malondialdehyde levels as oxidative stress index and d) the exhaled CO level.

Stakeholder engagement to initiate lung cancer screening in an urban safety-net health system.

• Health systems, especially those caring for medically underserved populations, should consider a multi-level approach to patient and stakeholder engagement to advance adoption of population screening as guideline-based care. • Iterative engagement should inform design and activation of an electronic order set to (1) capture socio-demographic data to establish screening eligibility, and (2) provide CMS-mandated documentation of patient counseling, while minimizing order burden for referring clinicians. • Patients who most stand to benefit from guideline-based lung cancer screening may also be those least likely to complete the multi-step processes of screening.

A retrospective analysis of the association between providing nicotine replacement therapy at admission and motivation to quit and nicotine withdrawal symptoms during an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.

Background: Psychiatric patients have high tobacco use prevalence, dependence, and withdrawal severity. A tobacco-free psychiatric hospitalization necessitates the management of nicotine withdrawal (NW) for tobacco using patients. NW management often requires the provision of approved nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to patients, which may also motivate tobacco users towards cessation.

Recommendations to improve smoking cessation outcomes from people with lung conditions who smoke.

This study aimed to gain insight into the impact of lung conditions on smoking behaviour and smoking cessation, and identify recommendations for smoking cessation and professional-patient communications. The study was led by the European Lung Foundation in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society Task Force on "Statement on smoking cessation on COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit". A web-based observational cross-sectional questionnaire was developed from a patient-centered literature review.

SmokeHaz: Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of the Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Health.

Background: Smoking tobacco increases the risk of respiratory disease in adults and children, but communicating the magnitude of these effects in a scientific manner that is accessible and usable by the public and policymakers presents a challenge. We have therefore summarized scientific data on the impact of smoking on respiratory diseases to provide the content for a unique resource, SmokeHaz.

Methods: We conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses of longitudinal studies (published to 2013) identified from electronic databases, gray literature, and experts.

Relationship of secondhand smoke exposure with sociodemographic factors and smoke-free legislation in the European Union.

Background: To explore whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among non-smokers in the European Union (EU) showed any association with sociodemographic factors and/or the extent of national tobacco control policies.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on data from 26 751 individuals ≥15 years old from 27 EU member states (EU MS), collected during the 2012 Special Eurobarometer survey (wave 77.1).

Smoking cessation outcomes of referral to a specialist hospital outpatient clinic.

Background And Objectives: Hospital visits are an opportunity to engage smokers in tobacco treatment. However, little is known about engagement in follow-up referrals. The purpose of this study is to report the rates of program engagement and smoking cessation outcomes of patients referred to a specialist outpatient tobacco treatment program after a hospital visit or other referral.

Assessing the effectiveness of a pharmacist-delivered smoking cessation program in the State of Qatar: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: It had been reported that up to 37% of the adult male population smokes cigarettes in Qatar. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey also stated that 13.4% of male school students aged 13 to 15 years in Qatar smoke cigarettes.

Combining varenicline and nicotine patches: a randomized controlled trial study in smoking cessation.

Background: Some smokers may benefit from a therapy that combines different nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) or drugs with different mechanisms of action.The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the combined therapy of varenicline and nicotine patches versus varenicline monotherapy.

Methods: Three hundred forty-one smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day were recruited from a smoking cessation clinic between February 2012 and June 2013.

Smoking cessation effectiveness in smokers with COPD and asthma under real life conditions.

Introduction: Although smoking cessation is strongly indicated by international guidelines as an effective therapeutic tool for patients with COPD and Asthma, a large proportion of them do not quit smoking and they are regarded as a "difficult" target group.

Aim: To study the effectiveness of an intensive smoking cessation program in smokers with COPD and asthma under real-life conditions.

Methods: 166 smokers with COPD, 120 smokers with asthma and 1854 control smokers attended the smoking cessation program in the out-patient patient Smoking Cessation Clinic of the Pulmonary Department in Athens University.

A multicentre randomized trial of combined individual and telephone counselling for smoking cessation.

Objective: The present study assessed the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs combining individual and telephone counselling, compared to individual or telephone counselling alone.

Method: A randomized, multicentre, open-label trial was performed between January 2009 and July 2011 at six smoking cessation clinics in Spain. Of 772 smokers assessed for eligibility, 600 (77%) met inclusion criteria and were randomized.

[Nurses' support in smoking cessation therapy in Japan].

Smoking cessation therapy (SCT) was introduced in 2006 in Japan. The patients who wish to stop smoking and receive SCT routinely undergo counseling and advice provided by trained nurse. This paper introduces rationale, methods and contents of the nurses counseling and advice by differentiating physicians' roles in the SCT.

Improvement in skin color achieved by smoking cessation.

It has been well known that habitual smoking accelerates premature skin ageing recognized as 'smoker's face'. However, the effect of smoking cessation on the appearance of skin has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate objectively the effect of smoking cessation on the skin's appearance.

Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers: a meta-analysis.

Background: The efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers has not yet been established.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers.

Search Strategy: A search was made of PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL in June 2011.

Association of sociodemographic factors, smoking-related beliefs, and smoking restrictions with intention to quit smoking in Korean adults: findings from the ITC Korea Survey.

Background: Few studies have reported the factors associated with intention to quit smoking among Korean adult smokers. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic characteristics, smoking-related beliefs, and smoking-restriction variables associated with intention to quit smoking among Korean adult smokers.

Methods: We used data from the International Tobacco Control Korea Survey, which was conducted from November through December 2005 by using random-digit dialing and computer-assisted telephone interviewing of male and female smokers aged 19 years or older in 16 metropolitan areas and provinces of Korea.

Vitamin or antioxidant intake (or serum level) and risk of cervical neoplasm: a meta-analysis.

Background: Case-control studies have reported the preventive effect of vitamin or antioxidant intake on cervical neoplasms such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer. However, the findings are inconsistent.

Objective: To investigate quantitative effects of vitamin or antioxidant intake on cervical neoplasm using meta-analysis.

Factors affecting smoking resumption after acute coronary syndromes.

Introduction: Many patients who are hospitalised for acute ischaemic episodes stop smoking; however, many of them relapse and resume smoking again within three months from their hospitalisation. The aim of this study was to study the factors that might affect smoking resumption in patients who have suffered an acute coronary syndrome.

Methods: We studied 420 patients, active smokers at the time of admission, who were hospitalised for an acute coronary episode.

Relationships between household smoking restrictions and intention to quit smoking among Korean American male smokers in California.

This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between household smoking restrictions and intentions to quit smoking among Korean American male smokers in California. We used data from the California Korean American Tobacco Use Survey (CKATUS), which was conducted in 2004 using computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Among the 2,545 respondents who participated in the CKATUS, the 387 male smokers who answered a question assessing their intention to quit smoking were included in the final analyses.

Effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for smoking cessation in actual clinical practice.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral interventions (brief counseling, nonspecific psychological support in groups - NSGS and cognitive behavioral group therapy - CBGT) in combination with bupropion SR for smoking cessation in the field, through a smoking cessation clinic.

Methods: Two-hundred-and-five smokers were enrolled in a 19-week course during 2007/ 2008, and were randomly assigned to: bupropion SR combined with brief counseling (group A), bupropion SR combined with NSGS (group B), bupropion SR combined with CBGT (group C), or CBGT as the only approach (group D).

Results: Continuous abstinence rates at the end of therapy were 53.

Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Case-control studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between mobile phone use and tumor risk. We investigated these associations using a meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in August 2008.