TRPA1 contributes to respiratory depression from tobacco aerosol.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) is expressed in the trigeminal nerves in the nasal cavity. It detects irritant chemicals such as formalin and acrolein, induces respiratory depression to protect against further inhalation, and elicits avoidance behavior. Although tobacco smoke contains formalin, acrolein, and other irritant chemicals, the possible contribution of TRPA1 to protection against tobacco smoke has yet to be fully understood.

First aid treatment and airway management for chemical burns combined with inhalation injury: A case report.

Chemical burns account for a small percentage of burn patients, and there are even fewer burn patients suffering from chemical burns combined with inhalation injury. As chemical substances corrode the airway, which leads to persistent necrotic shedding of the respiratory mucosa and scarring contracture as the airway heals, a proportion of patients develop airway stenosis, requiring more aggressive treatment or even surgery. A 38-year-old female chemical factory worker sustained an inhalation injury due to exposure to reactive substances (liquid and smoke) during production.

Health Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, and Semi-Volatile Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Urine of Commercial Fish Smokers, Ghana.

Occupational exposure to smoke and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses significant health risks, especially for commercial fish smokers who are regularly exposed to high levels of smoke and particulate matter. This study aimed to evaluate the exposure levels and assess the health risks associated with PAHs, phenols, phthalates, and substituted benzenes among 155 fish smokers in Ghana. A total of 155 urine samples from fish smokers across selected coastal regions in Ghana were collected and analyzed.

The October 7, 2023, Attack on Israel Indicates a Change in Trauma Patterns of Terror Victims, due to the Use of Thermobaric Weapons.

Introduction: The terror attack on October 7, 2023, in southern Israel resulted in approximately 1,200 civilians and security personnel killed. Of the civilians murdered, approximately 200 men, women, and children were murdered inside their homes, while the remaining casualties were murdered in an open field at a music festival, in their cars, or in the streets of local cities.

Materials And Methods: Currently, official data have not yet been published regarding the types of injuries suffered by Israeli civilians during the terror attack.

The Interaction of Apical Periodontitis, Cigarette Smoke, and Alcohol Consumption on Liver Antioxidant Status in Rats.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of alcohol (A), secondhand cigarette smoking (ShS), and their combined effect on liver antioxidant activity and hepatic damage in rats with induced apical periodontitis (AP). Thirty-five female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 7): (1) control (rats without ShS, alcoholic diet, or AP), (2) control-AP (induced AP only), (3) ShS-AP (ShS exposure and induced AP), (4) A-AP (alcoholic diet and induced AP), and (5) A+ShS-AP (alcoholic diet, ShS exposure, and induced AP). Alcohol was administered through semi-voluntary intake, while ShS exposure involved the daily inhalation of cigarette smoke.

Pirfenidone alleviates smoke inhalation lung injury of rats via the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: Smoke inhalation lung injury (SILI) is a common complication in fires and wars, characterized by acute onset and severe condition. Pirfenidone (PFD), a new small-molecule drug, has been shown to improve lung function and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanism of PFD on SILI in rats.

Qibai Pingfei Capsule ameliorated inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) via HIF-1 α/glycolysis pathway mediated of BMAL1.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized for the persistent inflammation. The brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (BMAL1), as a crucial clock gene, is associated with the expression level of upstream factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in glycolysis, which may affect the occurrence of inflammatory reactions in COPD. However, the moderation effect of Qibai Pingfei Capsule (QBPF) capsule is still unknown on BMAL1 and HIF-1α/glycolytic pathway.

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF SHISHA SMOKING AMONG GOMBE STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS.

Introduction: Emerging literature suggests that shisha smoke contains many of the same toxicants as cigarette smoke, including carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A single shisha smoking session may involve inhalation of 50-100 times the smoke volume inhaled with a single cigarette. While tobacco control policies have largely centered on cigarette smoking, other forms like shisha, have largely been ignored.

Effect of prednisone on woodsmoke-induced sputum inflammation in healthy volunteers: A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study.

Background: Inhalation of biomass smoke is associated with adverse respiratory effects in those with chronic pulmonary conditions. There are few published data regarding the effects of anti-inflammatory interventions on these outcomes.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the effects of postexposure prednisone on woodsmoke (WS)-induced sputum neutrophilia.

An early HMGB1 rise 12 hours before creatinine predicts acute kidney injury and multiple organ failure in a smoke inhalation and burn swine model.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and multiple organ failure (MOF) are leading causes of mortality in trauma injuries. Early diagnosis of AKI and MOF is vital to improve outcomes, but current diagnostic criteria rely on laboratory markers that are delayed or unreliable. In this study, we investigated whether damage associated molecular patterns such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), syndecan-1 (SDC-1) and C3a correlate with the development of trauma-induced AKI and MOF.

Nano to micron-size combustion particles in smokers' homes: Magnetic properties of tobacco and cigarette ashes.

Cigarette emission comprises high-temperature combustion processes producing diverse harmful compounds, gases, and particulate matter that are spread through the air and can be taken by smokers and passive smokers involuntarily. We determined the magnetic properties of tobacco cigarettes from six commercial brands. We also monitored the emission of particulate matter in some smokers' homes using low-cost sensors and the PM dataset was studied through a time series analysis.

Distinct populations suppress or escalate intake of cocaine paired with aversive quinine.

Background: Only a subset of individuals who encounter illicit drugs become persons with a substance use disorder. Individual differences in aversive reactions to drug-associated phenomena like smoke inhalation and unpleasant taste are predictors for continued use. While several preclinical studies have explored self-administration involving aversive cues, none have simultaneously introduced aversion with the initial drug self-administration.

Cerebral Cortical Vasodilation via Nicotinic Receptors by Heated Tobacco Product Aerosol Extract in Rats.

Introduction: Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer due to a number of components of smoke. The use of novel heated tobacco products (HTPs), alternative to conventional combustion cigarettes, has increased in recent years. However, the in vivo biological effects of HTPs are poorly understood.

Incidence of Pneumonia following Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Burn Patients.

The standard modality for diagnosis of smoke inhalational injury in burn patients is bronchoscopy with or without bronchoalveolar lavage. However, the risks associated with these procedures are poorly described in established literature. We sought to investigate the association between diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage at admission and the development of pneumonia in burn patients.