Olfactory Dysfunction as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment (CI) have been associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the mechanisms underlying this association are broadly unknown. This systematic review tends to investigate the relationship between the onset of olfactory dysfunction and CI in patients with T2DM and to explore the potential role of olfactory dysfunction as an early diagnosis biomarker of CI. We conducted a systematic review consulting PubMed and Scopus.

More Than a Sense: The Sense of Smell and Its Reflection in Mother and Baby: A Comprehensive Review.

Introduction: The sense of smell is one of the most developed and important senses that forms the bond between the newborn and the mother and allows the newborn to reach the mother's breast. The sense of smell begins to form during intrauterine life, and the sense of smell can be a marking tool for a newborn baby, so that the baby can recognize both his mother and his immediate environment and develop his behaviour accordingly. This is necessary not only for feeding babies but also for them to feel safe and peaceful in their new environment.

Automatic scent creation by cheminformatics method.

The sense of smell is fundamental for various aspects of human existence including the flavor perception, environmental awareness, and emotional impact. However, unlike other senses, it has not been digitized. Its digitalization faces challenges such as the lack of reliable odor sensing technology or the precise scent delivery through olfactory displays.

A rare case of primary chordoma of the nasopharynx mimicking nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Chordoma is an uncommon malignant tumor that originates from the remnants of the primitive notochord in the embryo. They account for 1 % of intracranial tumors and 4 % of primary bone tumors. It is a locally aggressive tumor with a low risk of metastasis.

Fish handling and postharvest losses around the Fincha'a, Amarti, and Nashe reservoirs in Oromiya, Ethiopia.

This study assessed the factors contributing to postharvest loss of fish around the Fincha'a, Amarti, and Nashe reservoirs in Horro Guduru Wollega, Oromia, Western Ethiopia, using semi-structured questionnaires from January, 2022 GC onward. The aim of the finding was to know the fish handling and post-harvest preservation of fish around the reservoirs. In the study area, 320 respondents were selected using a random sampling system.

Devices for the electrical stimulation of the olfactory system: A review.

The loss of olfactory function has a profound impact on quality of life, affecting not only sensory perception but also memory, emotion, and overall well-being. Despite this, advancements in olfactory prostheses have lagged significantly behind those made for vision and hearing restoration. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the current state of devices for electrical stimulation of the olfactory system.

Recovery From Long COVID: The Role of Bioelectric Meridian Therapy in Restoring Health and Well-Being.

This case report explores the journey to a healthier life of a 57-year-old man who stayed athletic after contracting COVID-19 during a trip to a foreign country. He had minimal symptoms in the beginning. He started with a dull cough, but the symptoms then progressed to loss of taste and smell, mental fatigue, and nerve problems.

Function of orexin-1 receptor signaling in the olfactory tubercle in odor-guided attraction and aversion.

While olfactory behaviors are influenced by neuromodulatory signals, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The olfactory tubercle (OT), a component of the olfactory cortex and ventral striatum, consists of anteromedial (am) and lateral (l) domains regulating odor-guided attractive and aversive behaviors, respectively, in which the amOT highly expresses various receptors for feeding-regulated neuromodulators. Here we show functions of appetite-stimulating orexin-1 receptor (OxR1) signaling in the amOT.

Role of Odor Novelty on Olfactory Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Sensory processing abnormalities are a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are included in its diagnostic criteria. Among these challenges, food neophobia has garnered attention due to its prevalence and potential impact on nutritional intake and health outcomes. This review describes the correlation between novel odor perception and feeding difficulties within the context of ASD.

Biocompatible Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Display Antiviral Activity Against Two Different Respiratory Viruses in Mice.

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are among the most important causes of viral respiratory tract infections, causing similar symptoms. IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infections can provoke mild symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, or they may cause more severe consequences leading to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or even death. While treatments for IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection are available, IAV antivirals often target viral proteins facilitating the emergence of drug-resistant viral variants.

GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly impair taste function.

Over 10 % of the US population are prescribed glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) to combat obesity. Although they decrease cravings for foods, their influence on chemosensory function is unknown. We employed state-of-the-art quantitative taste and smell tests to address this issue.

Enhancing colonic health with encapsulated grape seed anthocyanins: Oral capsule for Colon-targeted delivery.

Grape seed anthocyanins (GSA) offer health benefits and protect against diseases, including colitis. Its unpleasant smell and instability prevent widespread application. Antisolvent pretreatment GSA was encapsulated in chitosan-phytic acid 3D gel network.

Staged Screening Identifies People with Biomarkers Related to Neuronal Alpha-Synuclein Disease.

Objective: Remote identification of individuals with severe hyposmia may enable scalable recruitment of participants with underlying alpha-synuclein aggregation. We evaluated the performance of a staged screening paradigm using remote smell testing to enrich for abnormal dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography imaging (DAT-SPECT) and alpha-synuclein aggregation.

Methods: The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) recruited participants for the prodromal cohort who were 60-years and older without a Parkinson's disease diagnosis.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential: Ta'līq al-'Alaq (Leech Therapy) for Qarha Khabītha (Non-Healing Ulcer): A Case Study.

Non-healing ulcers are chronic lesions, often found on the lower extremities, persisting for over three months despite adequate care. They are associated with systemic diseases or local disorders and significantly impact the quality of life, often resisting conventional treatments, which can be costly and pose side effects. Ta'liq al-Alaq (leech therapy), a regimen in Ilaj-Bit-Tadbeer of Unani medicine, offers an alternative based on the principle of Istifrāgh (expulsion of morbid humours).

Brain spatial reconciliation through multisensory integration in the impact of pandemic fatigue on workplace.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the prevalence of fatigue, reduced interpersonal interaction, and heightened stress in work environments. The intersection of neuroscience and architecture underscores how intricate spatial perceptions are shaped by multisensory stimuli, profoundly influencing workers' wellbeing. In this study, EEG and VR technologies, specifically the , were employed to gather data on perception and cognition.

Wound healing potential of mouth gel containing isopimarane diterpene from rhizomes for treatment of oral stomatitis.

Background: Oral ulcers have an impact on 25% of the global population including patients who are suffering from chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. L. has been traditionally used for treatment of mouth sores and tongue blisters.

Effect of Smell and Taste of Milk on Feeding Parameters in Preterm Neonates: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Smell and taste sensations have been linked to positive outcomes in the feeding of premature infants, though the impact on the time required to transition to oral feeding remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of smell and taste interventions on clinical outcomes in preterm infants. We conducted a search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through September 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of smell and taste on clinical outcomes in preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) symptom verbal response scales: content validity testing for use in adults with CRSwNP.

Background: PRO measures of symptoms in clinical trials have historically utilized visual and numerical scales but verbal descriptors may make it easier for patients to clearly differentiate between response options. This study assessed content validity and meaningful change in five verbal response scales (VRSs) used to assess chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) symptom severity.

Methodology: This qualitative, semi-structured interview study recruited adults from the US, Germany, and China with confirmed moderate-to-severe CRSwNP.

Smells like … no evidence that odors influence the attentional blink.

The attentional blink (AB) paradigm is frequently used to investigate temporal attention. Essentially, rapid serial visual streams of several distractors and two targets are presented. The accuracy in detecting the second target stimulus (T2) decreases in the time window between 100 and 500 ms following accurate detection of the first target stimulus (T1).

[Investigation on tastes, properties, and traditional efficacy of Mongolian medicines of genus Artemisia based on pharmacophylogeny].

The genus Artemisia is one of the most abundant groups of medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family. Based on the theoretical basis of the pharmacophylogeny, the phylogenetic analysis, association analysis and other methods were used to systematically sort out the genetic relationships, properties, tastes, chemical constituents, and traditional efficacy of Mongolian medicines of genus Artemisia(MMA). The correlation and regularity were discussed.

Brief Outpatient Rehabilitation Program for Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is emerging as a common and debilitating condition with few treatment options.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a brief outpatient rehabilitation program based on a cognitive and behavioral approach for patients with PCC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Patients with mild to moderate PCC were randomized 1:1 to an established transdiagnostic rehabilitation program or care as usual at a single referral center recruiting from the region of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.

Novel Scent Enrichment Enhances Socio-Sexual and Olfactory Behaviors in Zoo-Housed Gentle Lemurs.

The Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur Alaotrensis) is one of the most endangered primates in the world and shows a low success rate in captive breeding programmes. We tested a novel scent enrichment, made up of a synthesized mixture likely conveying information about female fertility, on four unsuccessful breeding pairs (n = 8 subjects) living at the Jersey, Birmingham, London (United Kingdom) and Mulhouse (France) zoos. We evaluated the effects of the scent enrichment on behavior (515 h of observation) and fecal endocrinology (cortisol and testosterone measurements) (n = 180 samples) comparing pre- enrichment, enrichment and post- enrichment phases.

Association between Hepatitis B virus infection and COVID-19: outcomes from clinical analysis and online survey from Beijing, China.

Objective: We aim to investigate whether Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worsens chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and explore the incidence of long COVID symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Methods: Patients with chronic HBV infection and COVID-19 patients attending the hepatitis clinic or fever clinic were included in the study. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and information about long COVID were collected for all patients.

2024 Update of the RECOVER-Adult Long COVID Research Index.

Importance: Classification of persons with long COVID (LC) or post-COVID-19 condition must encompass the complexity and heterogeneity of the condition. Iterative refinement of the classification index for research is needed to incorporate newly available data as the field rapidly evolves.

Objective: To update the 2023 research index for adults with LC using additional participant data from the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER-Adult) study and an expanded symptom list based on input from patient communities.