12,483 results match your criteria: "Smallpox"
A review of the synthetic strategies toward the antiviral drug tecovirimat.
Org Biomol Chem
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
Article Synopsis
- - This review analyzes the various synthetic methods for tecovirimat, an antiviral used for treating monkeypox and smallpox, focusing on the large-scale synthesis of crucial intermediates like cycloheptatriene.
- - It evaluates the efficiency, yield, and purity of these synthesis techniques while also addressing the reduction of harmful impurities.
- - The review discusses recent advancements in industrial-scale synthesis, pointing out both its benefits and limitations, and highlights the need for further optimization to enhance safety and environmental sustainability in tecovirimat production.
Systematic evaluation of the induction of efficient neutralizing antibodies by recombinant multicomponent subunit vaccines against monkeypox virus.
Vaccine
December 2024
Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Researchers expressed key MPXV proteins using bacteria and yeast to create nine potential MPXV subunit vaccine candidates combined with adjuvants for immunization.
- Tests showed that these vaccine candidates elicited strong neutralizing antibody responses, particularly highlighting the A35-M1R fusion protein as a promising protective antigen for future vaccine development.
Effectiveness of a single dose of JYNNEOS vaccine in real world: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Health Sci Rep
September 2024
Escuela de Medicina Universidad César Vallej Trujillo Peru.
Background: Mpox infection is a zoonotic illness that resembles smallpox. Vaccination is widely regarded as a vital effective method of preventing mpox, however, there is lack of consensus of effectiveness of a single dose of mpox vaccine in the current 2022-2023 outbreak. We pooled data from real-world studies to evaluate the efficacy of the JYNNEOS vaccination given as a single dosage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom ancient remedies to modern miracles: tracing the evolution of vaccines and their impact on public health.
3 Biotech
October 2024
School of Biosciences & Technology, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 203201 India.
Article Synopsis
- - The review highlights the historical evolution of vaccines, focusing on major milestones like the eradication of smallpox and the decline of polio, measles, and influenza, showcasing their impact on public health.
- - It emphasizes the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines in response to global needs and explores various vaccine technologies, including live-attenuated, inactivated, recombinant, and mRNA vaccines, illustrating advancements in the field.
- - The article stresses the necessity for ongoing investment in research, global collaboration, and technological advancements to improve vaccine effectiveness and reach, and discusses how these efforts are essential for addressing future health challenges.
[Vaccinations for emerging and re-emerging viral diseases].
Inn Med (Heidelb)
November 2024
Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Article Synopsis
- Emerging viral diseases pose a significant pandemic risk, making vaccination essential for global health security.* -
- The WHO tracks infectious diseases with pandemic potential, and effective vaccines for several viruses are now available or in development, including those for Filoviridae and coronaviruses.* -
- Despite advancements, challenges remain in timely influenza vaccine development, though progress has been made with vaccines for dengue and Chikungunya.*
Continuous flow synthesis of the antiviral drug tecovirimat and related sp-rich scaffolds.
Org Biomol Chem
October 2024
University College Dublin, School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland.
Article Synopsis
- * The synthesis involves a high-temperature reaction between cycloheptatriene and maleic anhydride, creating an important scaffold that is needed for the drug.
- * The research also explores the interaction of an intermediate with various hydrazines, leading to different chemical structures that can be developed into drug-like compounds.
Systematic analysis of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions provides new insights into drug combination therapy for pox.
J Ethnopharmacol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The decline in smallpox vaccine efficacy raises the risk of poxvirus infections, prompting interest in traditional herbal medicines used in China prior to the vaccine's development, which include numerous documented prescriptions.
- The study aims to analyze 2,344 traditional prescriptions to extract common herb combinations and insights for creating effective drug combinations against pox viruses.
- Using network pharmacology, the research identified 19 commonly used herbs and 64 key bio-functional modules, highlighting immunoregulation as a crucial component in tackling poxvirus treatments.
Orthopoxvirus-specific antibodies wane to undetectable levels 1 year after MVA-BN vaccination of at-risk individuals, the Netherlands, 2022 to 2023.
Euro Surveill
September 2024
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
- The mpox outbreak in 2022-2023 led to widespread vaccination using a vaccine called MVA-BN (also known as JYNNEOS or Imvanex).
- Research shows that orthopoxvirus-specific antibodies, which protect against the virus, decreased to undetectable levels one year after a two-dose MVA-BN vaccination in at-risk individuals.
- Ongoing monitoring is crucial to assess how the decline in antibody levels affects immunity in the population.
Article Synopsis
- Monkeypox (Mpox) is an Orthopoxvirus causing skin blisters with a mortality rate of 0-10% and has seen an increase in cases since the end of global smallpox vaccinations.
- This review discusses updates on Mpox's transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, highlighting the role of AI in predicting the disease.
- Key prevention strategies involve PCR testing for early detection, vaccination with JYNNEOS and ACAM2000, and minimizing contact with symptomatic individuals, similar to STI prevention practices.
Diagnostic Strategies in the Era of Monkeypox Resurgence: A Comprehensive Analysis.
Cureus
August 2024
Pharmacy, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, IND.
Article Synopsis
- * The study draws from literature, patient insights, and healthcare professionals to highlight the complexities of diagnosing Mpox, particularly during its global spread.
- * Various diagnostic techniques are explored, with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) identified as the primary method for detecting monkeypox, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and efficient testing to contain the virus.
Monkeypox Virus and Current Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Published Literature Based on VOSviewer.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep
September 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Article Synopsis
- The World Health Organization declared the monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency on July 23, 2022, prompting a bibliometric analysis to identify current research trends.
- A search of the Web of Science database from its inception to February 23, 2023, revealed 1,646 publications, with a significant increase in studies in 2022, particularly in the US.
- Major research themes identified include the body's response to infection, epidemiology, and diagnosis, with future focus recommended on diagnostics and vaccine development.
Global prevalence and determinants associated with the acceptance of monkeypox vaccination.
Narra J
August 2024
Department of Children's Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to assess global acceptance rates of the monkeypox vaccine and identify factors influencing this acceptance through a meta-analysis of 51 articles involving nearly 100,000 participants.
- - Results showed an overall monkeypox vaccine acceptance rate of 65%, with higher acceptance among men who have sex with men (MSMs) and lower acceptance in healthcare workers (HCWs).
- - Factors positively associated with vaccine acceptance included higher education levels, prior COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations, homosexual orientation, and being HIV-positive, while lower acceptance was linked to less education and heterosexual or bisexual orientations.
Molecular Aspects of the Monkeypox Virus and their Impact on the Virus's Change in Epidemiology.
P R Health Sci J
September 2024
Pedro Ruiz Gallo National University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Inmunología y Virología del Norte's group, Lambayeque, Peru.
Article Synopsis
- Monkeypox, a viral disease primarily found in West and Central Africa, has seen a significant increase in cases globally over the last decade, particularly during a multinational outbreak in 2022, suggesting possible evolutionary changes in the virus.
- A review of 271 articles published during the outbreak period identified 49 relevant studies that highlight challenges related to waning immunity, altered transmission routes, and genomic changes in the virus, complicating containment efforts.
- The findings suggest that Monkeypox may be filling an ecological niche previously occupied by smallpox, with specific genetic mutations being linked to its recent epidemiological changes and the need for continued surveillance and vaccination to control future outbreaks.
Viral diseases and the environment relationship.
Environ Pollut
December 2024
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Brazil. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Viral diseases have a long history, with early recorded instances like influenza, smallpox, and measles, and the term "virus" emerging in the late 1800s to classify microscopic pathogens smaller than bacteria.
- Significant milestones in virology include the polio vaccine developed in the mid-1900s and the identification of HIV/AIDS in the late 20th century, alongside newer viral diseases such as Zika and COVID-19 in the 21st century.
- The interplay between human activities—like crowding and environmental changes—and the spread of viral diseases reveals a complex relationship, necessitating integrated strategies to tackle both health and environmental impacts.
Effectiveness of modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine against mpox infection: emulation of a target trial.
BMJ
September 2024
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Article Synopsis
- This study aimed to evaluate how effective the MVA-BN vaccine is at preventing mpox infections in real-world settings, specifically in Ontario, Canada.
- Researchers matched vaccinated men (who received the vaccine at least 15 days prior) with unvaccinated men based on several health and demographic factors, assessing the rate of mpox infections over a 153-day period.
- Results indicated that the MVA-BN vaccine was about 58% effective in reducing the risk of mpox infection compared to unvaccinated individuals, suggesting that it can be a valuable tool in controlling outbreaks.
Treatment efficacy of cidofovir and brincidofovir against clade II Monkeypox virus isolates.
Antiviral Res
November 2024
Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address:
While historically confined to endemic areas, Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection has increasingly garnered international attention due to sporadic outbreaks in non-endemic countries in the last two decades and its potential for human-to-human transmission. In 2022, a multi-country outbreak of mpox disease was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) and nearly 100 000 mpox cases have been reported since the beginning of this pandemic. The clade II variant of the virus appears to be responsible for the vast majority of these infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurological Implications of Poxvirus Infections: Pathogenesis, Neurotropism, and Clinical Manifestations.
Rev Med Virol
September 2024
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Article Synopsis
- * These viruses replicate in the cytoplasm, possess large genomes, and can lead to severe skin and systemic diseases, with emerging interest in their effects on the central nervous system (CNS).
- * The review discusses recent findings on how poxviruses invade the CNS, the immune responses they trigger, and related clinical issues like encephalitis and myelitis.
Investigating seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Rome, during the 2022 outbreak: Moving beyond traditional at-risk populations.
Travel Med Infect Dis
November 2024
UOC Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Background: High incidence mpox rates suggest asymptomatic individuals may contribute to virus transmission. We undertook this study to assess the seroprevalence of IgG anti-MPXV in a cohort of asymptomatic PLWH, to analyze the size of the phenomenon of asymptomatic infections.
Materials And Methods: From October 2022 to March 2023 we serially collected serum samples from PLWH attending our Clinic.
Mpox treatment evolution: past milestones, present advances, and future directions.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
February 2025
SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
An underestimated worldwide health concern, Monkeypox (Mpox) is becoming a bigger menace to the world's population. After smallpox was eradicated in 1970, Mpox was found in a rural region of Africa and quickly spread to other African countries. The etiological agent of the Mpox infection, the Mpox virus, is constantly evolving, and its capability for cross-species transmission led to a global outbreak in 2022 which led to several deaths throughout the world.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessment of the knowledge of healthcare workers on monkeypox in Nigeria.
GMS Hyg Infect Control
August 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Article Synopsis
- Monkeypox is a significant public health concern in Nigeria, prompting a study to evaluate healthcare workers' knowledge about the disease.
- A survey of 609 healthcare workers revealed that while over half had a good understanding of monkeypox, many were unaware of certain symptoms, the potential for sexual transmission, and the implications for social and economic aspects in Nigeria.
- The findings stress the need for ongoing education for healthcare workers to address these knowledge gaps and improve management strategies for future outbreaks.
A Pseudovirus Nanoparticle Displaying the Vaccinia Virus L1 Protein Elicited High Neutralizing Antibody Titers and Provided Complete Protection to Mice against Mortality Caused by a Vaccinia Virus Challenge.
Vaccines (Basel)
July 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
The recent worldwide incidence of mpox infection and concerns about future emerging variants of mpox viruses highlight the need for the development of a new generation of mpox vaccines. To achieve this goal, we utilized our norovirus S nanoparticle vaccine platform to produce and evaluate two pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs), S-L1 and S-J1. These PVNPs displayed the L1 neutralizing antigen target of the vaccinia virus and a yet-untested J1 antigen of the mpox virus, respectively, with the aim of creating an effective nanoparticle-based mpox vaccine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMpox in Pregnancy - Risks, Vertical Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment.
N Engl J Med
October 2024
From the Departments of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (J.B.N.); the Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (J.B.N.), and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (J.R.A.) - both in Baltimore; the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (J.B.N.), and the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town (L.M.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (E.L.M.); the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore (P.D.); the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB) and the Departments of Microbiology and Virology, University of Kinshasa School of Medicine - both in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (P.M.-K., J.-J.M.-T.); the Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.G.); Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department "Femme-Mère-Enfant," Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (D.B.); and the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC (L.L.M.).
Between the 8th and 11th centuries CE, the Iberian Peninsula underwent profound upheaval due to the Umayyad invasion against the Visigoths, resulting in population shifts and lasting demographic impacts. Our understanding of this period is hindered by limited written sources and few archaeogenetic studies. We analyzed 33 individuals from Las Gobas, a necropolis in northern Spain, spanning the 7th to 11th centuries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of the Laboratory Response Network and Testing Access During the First 10 Weeks of the Mpox Response, United States, May 17-July 31, 2022.
Public Health Rep
August 2024
Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The Laboratory Response Network (LRN) is a group of labs in the U.S. and around the world that help during health emergencies, like disease outbreaks.
- During the first 10 weeks of the 2022 mpox outbreak, researchers talked to experts to find out how well the LRN did and what problems they faced.
- They found that the LRN had some successes, like better testing tools and teamwork, but also had challenges, such as differences in lab testing ability and difficulties getting needed tests to doctors.