Gut Microbiota and Postbiotic Metabolites: Biotic Intervention for Enhancing Vaccine Responses and Personalized Medicine for Disease Prevention.

The creation of vaccines has revolutionized several aspects of the game in the fight against transmissible diseases, protecting countless individuals around the globe. Several vaccines against potentially fatal diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, polio, measles, tetanus, influenza, and smallpox have significantly reduced disease risks and successfully immunized individuals against these serious health threats. The immune response generated by vaccination plays a crucial role in mitigating disease risks by stimulating the production of specific antibodies targeting the relevant pathogens.

Preparation and application evaluation of monoclonal antibodies against Monkeypox virus A29 protein.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. It causes symptoms similar to Smallpox virus and is a zoonotic virus with widespread prevalence. Antigen detection is a fast and effective detection method.

Temporal and spatial characterization of keratinocytes supporting orf virus replication.

Reflecting their tropism for keratinocytes, most poxviruses that infect vertebrates replicate to high titers and cause pathology in the skin. Keratinocytes, the main cells of the epidermis, are found in different stages of a differentiation program that produces the critical barrier against environmental damage. While systemic poxviruses (e.

Repurposing doxycycline for the inhibition of monkeypox virus DNA polymerase: a comprehensive computational study.

Unlabelled: The global spread of monkeypox, caused by the double-stranded DNA monkeypox virus (MPXV), has underscored the urgent need for effective antiviral treatments. In this study, we aim to identify a potent inhibitor for MPXV DNA polymerase (DNAP), a critical enzyme in the virus replication process. Using a computational drug repurposing approach, we performed a virtual screening of 1615 FDA-approved drugs based on drug-likeness and molecular docking against DNAP.

Inhibition of Polo-Like Kinase 1 Dampens the Replication of Vaccinia Virus in Mammalian Cells.

Since the eradication of smallpox, zoonotic poxviruses, such as the mpox virus (MPXV), continue to pose a threat to public health. Identifying drugs that reduce poxvirus infection and replication, as well as understanding their molecular mechanisms, is essential for epidemic control. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) has been shown to facilitate vaccinia virus (VACV) infection and replication.

Monkeypox: Origin, Transmission, Clinical Manifestations, Prevention, and Therapeutic Options.

Monkeypox is a rapidly spreading transmissible disease induced by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a major public health problem worldwide. The origin of monkeypox might be tracked to the continent of Africa, where it first afflicted primate species prior to spreading to the world. Severe health issues for the public have been raised as a result of the disease's current breakouts in nonendemic areas and its subsequent dissemination to several nations throughout the globe.

Systematic review: characteristics of myocarditis followed by fixed drug eruption and dry eye syndrome in patients who have been vaccinated with monkeypox in children and adults.

Background: The Monkeypox Virus (MPOX) has caused a surge in viral infections, leading to the WHO recognizing it as a public health emergency of international concern. MPOX infection shares clinical similarities with smallpox but can cause complications like myocarditis, anorectal pain, ocular lesions, kidney damage, or soft tissue superinfection. The study aims to understand the characteristics of myocarditis, fixed drug eruption, and dry eye syndrome in Monkeypox patients.

Elucidating the Mechanism of VVTT Infection Through Machine Learning and Transcriptome Analysis.

The vaccinia virus (VV) is extensively utilized as a vaccine vector in the treatment of various infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immunodeficiencies, and cancers. The vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VVTT) has been instrumental as an irreplaceable vaccine strain in the eradication of smallpox in China; however, it still presents significant adverse toxic effects. After the WHO recommended that routine smallpox vaccination be discontinued, the Chinese government stopped the national smallpox vaccination program in 1981.

Exploring the Dynamics of Asparagus racemosus Phytochemicals as Dual Target Inhibitors of Monkeypox Virus.

Aim: This study aimed to screen the potential phytochemicals derived from Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) against Thymidylate Kinase (TMPK) and D9 decapping enzyme, which is the vital target of the monkeypox virus and helps in the host-- pathogen interaction mechanism, using integrated docking, QSAR analysis, and a molecular dynamics approach.

Background: The Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) is a recently emerging outbreak with ongoing infection cases. Drugs and vaccines for smallpox are being used to contain it.

Navigating monkeypox: identifying risks and implementing solutions.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the virus, a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs the virus family. It is known to infect both animals (especially monkeys and rodents) and humans and causes a rash similar to smallpox. Humans can become infected with monkeypox virus (MPXV) when they get in close contact with infected animals (zoonotic transmission) or other infected people (human-human transmission) through their body fluids such as mucus, saliva, or even skin sores.

Human viruses: An ever-increasing list.

It has been 124 years since yellow fever was demonstrated to be caused by a 'filterable agent'. While long-standing viral diseases, with the exception of smallpox, continue to be endemic, new ones have been emerging intermittently, primarily from a substantial zoonotic reservoir, leading to significant socioeconomic consequences. Currently, we are contending not only with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but with surges of various other viral infections.

Mpox: Global epidemic situation and countermeasures.

Mpox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus and is primarily endemic to Africa. As countries gradually stop smallpox vaccination, resistance to the smallpox virus is declining, increasing the risk of infection with mpox and other viruses. On 14 August 2024, the World Health Organization announced that the spread of mpox constituted a public health emergency of international concern.

Challenging a paradigm: Staggered versus single-pulse mass dog vaccination strategy for rabies elimination.

Background: From smallpox to poliomyelitis, halting contagion transmission through simultaneous mass vaccination is ubiquitous and often perceived as the only possible solution. But implementing mass vaccination campaigns in large populations within a short period poses many challenges. For example, in Arequipa, Peru, sweeping mass vaccination campaigns conducted yearly over a single weekend have failed to achieve the required 'herd immunity' to halt canine rabies transmission.

[Oral manifestations of monkeypox (MPX). A literature review].

Unlabelled: Simian smallpox is a viral disease affecting animals and humans, similar to human smallpox. It was discovered in 1958 in macaques in Denmark and in humans in 1970 in the Congo, mainly present in the jungles of central and western Africa.

Objective: To identify the main oral manifestations of simian smallpox trough a systematic review.

Review of category A bioweapons with cutaneous features: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and contemporary management strategies.

Major health organizations recognize various pathogens as potential bioweapons. Category A bioweapons (anthrax, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers) are the highest priority due to their ease of spread and high mortality rates. As these conditions have cutaneous manifestations, dermatologists may have an important role as front-line responders to indolent or bioterrorism threats.

Risk factors associated with human Mpox infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mpox emerged as a significant global public health concern during the 2022-2023 outbreak, impacting populations in both endemic and non-endemic countries. This study reviews and synthesises evidence on the risk factors associated with human Mpox transmission across these regions.

Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed original studies was conducted across Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed databases, covering publications up to 31 March 2024.

Short-term evolution of Mpox-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies among individuals undergoing MVA-BN vaccination.

Objectives: The data on immune responses of individuals undergoing modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccination are scarce. We aimed to compare Mpox virus-specific antibody and neutralizing antibody responses among people with and those without HIV receiving MVA-BN vaccines.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled participants undergoing two-dose MVA-BN vaccination to investigate seroresponses after vaccination.

DMSO enhanced one-pot HDA-CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of Monkeypox virus.

We present a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-enhanced one-pot HDA-CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The MPXV B6R gene was initially amplified using DMSO-enhanced helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) in the bottom of the reaction tubes. DMSO was employed to enhance the amplification efficiency of HDA.

Consequences of Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Ardabil (1925-1941): A Historical Analysis.

Infectious diseases were one of the most important public health problems in Ardabil during the first Pahlavi period (1925-1941 AD). These diseases caused the illness and death of many people. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors and consequences of the spread of infectious diseases in Ardabil during the first Pahlavi period.