Vaccinia virus Tiantan strain blocks host antiviral innate immunity and programmed cell death by disrupting gene expression.

The vaccinia virus Tiantan (VTT) is widely utilized as a smallpox vaccine in China and holds significant importance in the prevention of diseases stemming from poxvirus infections. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the influence of VTT infection on host gene expression. In this study, we constructed time series transcriptomic profiles of HeLa cells infected with both VTT and western reserve (WR) strains.

Human mpox co-infection with advanced HIV-1 and XDR-TB in a MSM patient previously vaccinated against smallpox: A case report.

Mpox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV). Historically, the majority of mpox cases have been documented in Central Africa. However, since May 2022, there has been a notable rise in reported cases from regions beyond Africa.

Emergence and evolution of monkeypox virus: Epidemiology, pathology, clinical symptoms, preventative and treatment measures.

As the COVID-19 pandemic situation was on an end, a new monkeypox menace has been discovered in several places of the world. The most comforting thing is that the fatality rate of monkeypox is unlike Covid-19. But the recent global outbreaks and the rise in the number of cases has drawn attention of world towards it.

Characterization and comparison of immunity against MPXV for individuals infected with MPXV or vaccinated with modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines.

The 2022 Mpox virus (MPXV) outbreak revitalized questions about immunity against MPXV and vaccinia-based vaccines (VAC-V), but studies are limited. We analyzed immunity against MPXV in individuals infected with MPXV or vaccinated with the licensed modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) Bavarian Nordic or an experimental MVA-HIVB vaccine. The frequency of neutralizing antibody responders was higher among MPXV-infected individuals than MVA vaccinees.

A Demographic Study of Aste-Béon (Ossau Valley, Bearn), a Small Community From French Western Pyrenees in the 19th Century.

Objectives: To decipher the social behaviors and public health status of a 19th-century small Western Pyrenean community using various historical demography data.

Methods: From censuses, civil and parish registers of births, marriages, and deaths/burials, migration archives, and administrative records, we analyzed a series of demographic parameters in the village of Aste-Béon between 1801 and 1900.

Results: Acknowledging the limitations of such a historical demography approach (especially losses of data and underreporting of deaths of very young individuals), this study enabled us to draw a series of conclusions.

Mapping Global Scientific Production on Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Monkeypox: A Scientometric Study.

Background And Aim: HIV attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS if untreated. Mpox, a zoonotic disease like smallpox, is less severe but poses higher risks for immuno-compromised individuals, especially those with HIV. Effective prevention and treatment are crucial.

Global partnerships in combating tropical diseases: assessing the impact of a U.S. withdrawal from the WHO.

Background: Annually, tropical diseases are a major cause of mortality; for instance, in 2019, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused 150,000 deaths and 19 million DALYs, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing over half the burden and the other concentrations in Asia and South America. Their impact, though significant, is lower than ischemic heart disease and respiratory infections. The World Health Organization is critical in combating these tropical diseases through surveillance, information campaigns and health promotion.

Prevalence and associated factors of immunization among under-five children in Somalia.

Background: Children worldwide can live lives free from various illnesses and disabilities due to vaccination. For instance, vaccination has eliminated smallpox, a deformative and frequently fatal illness that claimed an estimated 300 million lives in the twentieth century. However, due to a lack of access to immunization and other health services, 14.

Necrotizing Fasciitis as a Novel Complication of Penile Edema in a Patient With Monkeypox: A Case Report.

Unlike classical smallpox and other orthopoxviruses, primary genital lesions may be the initial presentation of monkeypox, particularly in sexually active or immunocompromised individuals, with a rising incidence in certain populations. We report a case of monkeypox with an unusual presentation of penile edema and phimosis in an uncircumcised male complicated by bacterial superinfection and necrotizing fasciitis. The patient presented with fever, painful genital swelling, and a vesiculopapular rash that progressed to involve the peripheries.

A novel oncolytic vaccinia virus with multiple gene modifications involved in viral replication and maturation increases safety for intravenous administration while maintaining proliferative potential in cancer cells.

To generate a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus with improved safety and productivity, the genome of smallpox vaccine strain LC16m8 was modified by a bacterial artificial chromosome system. By using LC16m8, a replicating virus homologous to the target virus, as a helper virus for the bacterial artificial chromosome system, we successfully recovered genome-edited infectious viruses. Oncolytic viruses with limited growth in normal cells were obtained by deleting the genes for vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase-activating protein (O1L), and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) present in the viral genome.

Global epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses: a systematic review on Mpox (1958-2024).

Background: Monkeypox (Mpox), a zoonotic viral disease caused by the Mpox virus (MPOXV), was first identified in 1958 and remained largely confined to Central and West Africa for decades. While it usually exhibited limited international transmission, recent outbreaks, including in the USA in 2003 and globally in 2024, highlight significant epidemiological shifts. We aimed to systematically evaluate the evolution of Mpox from 1958 to 2024, focussing on its epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses.

A review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Mpox: The role of One Health.

Human monkeypox (Mpox) is an emerging zoonotic disease. Its clinical features are similar to but less severe than those of smallpox. The etiology of this disease is the monkeypox virus.

Evaluation of pre-exposure vaccine effectiveness against mpox during the 2022-2023 mpox outbreak in the Madrid region (Spain): a test-negative design.

Introduction: An appropriate vaccination approach is critical to control the current outbreak of mpox but there is little research providing information on its effectiveness, particularly under circumstances of limited vaccine availability.

Methods: Pre-exposure vaccination campaign in the Madrid region, with the modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic was indicated in the risk groups from 18 July 2022.To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a dose of third-generation smallpox vaccine against mpox in the context of pre-exposure prophylaxis, a population-based indirect cohort study (Broome method) also known as test-negative design (TND) was conducted in the Madrid region (6 751 251 inhabitants).

The earliest report of smallpox oral vaccination by Bahā' al-Dawlah Rāzī in the 16th century.

Smallpox is one of the viral and contagious diseases that were always talked about and deadly epidemics that killed many people for many centuries. Through the analysis of historical and textual material, this paper seeks to investigate the smallpox eradication process. It starts with a brief history of smallpox before listing the common methods of eradicating the illness throughout the 16th century.

Detection of mpox and other orthopoxviruses using a lateral flow device as a point-of-care diagnostic.

In 2022, the World Health Organization declared the worldwide outbreak of mpox to be a public health emergency of international concern. The causative monkeypox virus (MPXV) belonged to clade IIb and is transmitted through sexual contact with a low case fatality rate (0.1%), which, together with under-detection, all contributed to a rapid global spread particularly within the MSM (men who have sex with men) community.

Approaches to Next-Generation Capripoxvirus and Monkeypox Virus Vaccines.

Globally, there are two major poxvirus outbreaks: mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus, and lumpy skin disease, caused by the lumpy skin disease virus. While vaccines for both diseases exist, there is a need for improved vaccines. The original vaccines used to eradicate smallpox, which also protect from the disease now known as mpox, are no longer acceptable.

Vaccines in Dermatology-Present and Future: A Review.

Dermatological vaccines have emerged as critical tools in preventing and managing a wide spectrum of skin conditions ranging from infectious diseases to malignancies. By synthesizing evidence from existing literature, this review aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of vaccines used in dermatology, including both approved vaccines and those currently being researched. Vaccines discussed in this paper include those targeting dermatoses and malignancies (e.

Viral genomic features predict Orthopoxvirus reservoir hosts.

Orthopoxviruses (OPVs), including the causative agents of smallpox and mpox have led to devastating outbreaks in human populations worldwide. However, the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination, which also provides cross-protection against related OPVs, has diminished global immunity to OPVs more broadly. We apply machine learning models incorporating both host ecological and viral genomic features to predict likely reservoirs of OPVs.

Francisco Oller y Ferrer (1758-1831). The surgeon who performed the first smallpox vaccination in a Hispanic American territory.

Balmis arrived on February 9, 1804, in Puerto Rico, the beginning of the American stage of the Philanthropic Expedition of the vaccine that was to begin the campaign to spread the vaccine throughout Hispanic America, in the Philippines, in Macao and Canton and on the island of St. Helena. With this, the surgeon and the expeditionaries under his orders would go down in the annals for heading one of the most transcendental sanitary enterprises carried out in the history of mankind.

Immunogenicity of monkeypox virus surface proteins and cross-reactive antibody responses in vaccinated and infected individuals: implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.

Background: The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concerns due to its widespread transmission. This study evaluated the MPXV immunogenic antigens and the impact of vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccination and MPXV infection on cross-reactive antibody responses to conserved proteins from representative MPXV strains that reflected the evolutionary trajectory.

Methods: Phylogenetic analyses were first conducted to reveal the evolutionary trajectory of MPXV from 1970 to 2024.

Neuroinvasive Potential of Monkeypox Virus: A 25-Year Systematic Review.

Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease, caused by the MPX virus. Clinical symptoms and signs of the disease are similar to, but less severe than, smallpox, presenting with fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, back pain, myalgia, and skin rash. MPX can affect the central nervous system causing different complications, including encephalitis, cerebral edema, and intracranial hemorrhage.

Atypical Mpox Cutaneous Presentation After Full Vaccination.

In 2022-2023 mpox outbreak led to declaration of a public health emergency. Smallpox vaccination has led to increased immunity and a decrease in clinical disease. The role of vaccination in immunosuppressed patients is not well understood.

Summary of the mpox outbreak in Canada, April 28-December 31, 2022.

Background: Mpox is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), closely related to the virus that causes smallpox. In May 2022, cases of mpox were reported in previously non-endemic countries including Canada.

Objective: To summarize the epidemiology of the mpox outbreak in Canada, as well as key public health response activities, between April and December 2022.

An 'arsenal for the supply of ammunition for the defence of vaccination': the Jenner Society and anti-anti-vaccinationism in England, 1896-1906.

Although historians have given close attention to the anti-vaccination movement that gripped late-Victorian England, relatively little scholarship explores how doctors and health officials responded or asks what strategies and assumptions structured how they might oppose the vaccine opponents. This article traces the advent and actions of the Jenner Society, a smallpox vaccination advocacy group founded in 1896 by Dr. Francis Bond.

Socioeconomic Differences in Vaccination Coverage After a Mandatory Vaccination Law, 1855-1900.

Importance: Mandatory vaccination is a major tool to combat increasing vaccine hesitancy. In principle, a vaccination law, ie, a mandatory vaccination law without exemptions, applies equally to everyone, but its effects across different socioeconomic groups (SEGs) remain unknown.

Objective: To examine the association of a vaccination law with vaccination coverage in different SEGs during 1855 to 1900.