- Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic Activity and Environmental Safety.

Weeds cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of agricultural production and economic damage to producers. The prolonged use of synthetic pesticides causes problems of environmental pollution, the possible alteration of agricultural products and problems for human health. For this reason, the scientific community's search for products of natural origin, which are biodegradable, safe for human health and can act as valid alternatives to traditional herbicides, is growing.

Different Genotypes of the Rare and Threatened Moss (Funariaceae) Exhibit Different Resilience to Zinc and Copper Stress.

The funarioid moss species , which is threatened with extinction, was the subject of this study. The riparian habitat type of this species is often under the influence of contaminated water, and, therefore, we tested the influence of selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs), namely zinc and copper, on the development, physiological features, and survival of the species on two different accessions (German and Croatian). The results obtained showed the different resilience of the two accessions to the PTEs.

Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a serious metabolic disorder, is a worldwide health problem due to the alarming rise in prevalence and elevated morbidity and mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and ineffective insulin effect and secretion are hallmarks of T2DM, leading to many serious secondary complications. These include, in particular, cardiovascular disorders, diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy, diabetic foot, osteoporosis, liver damage, susceptibility to infections and some cancers.

Pathophysiological Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Animal Models.

The global pandemic of obesity poses a serious health, social, and economic burden. Patients living with obesity are at an increased risk of developing noncommunicable diseases or to die prematurely. Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation.

Impact of Thermal Treatment and Aging on Lignin Properties in Spruce Wood: Pathways to Value-Added Applications.

Thermal modification is an environmentally friendly process that does not utilize chemical agents to enhance the stability and durability of wood. The use of thermally modified wood results in a significantly extended lifespan compared with untreated wood, with minimal maintenance requirements, thereby reducing the carbon footprint. This study examines the impact of varying modification temperatures (160, 180, and 210 °C) on the lignin of spruce wood using the ThermoWood process and following the accelerated aging of thermally modified wood.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties and Biological Effects of a Novel Combined Barberry Root-Propolis Extract on HEK293T Cells.

The health benefits of honeybee products and herbs are well known, and their appropriate combination may enhance their biological efficacy. This study investigated the biological properties of a combined barberry root and propolis extract (PBE) in comparison to a propolis extract (PE), a barberry root extract (BE), and pure berberine (BN). The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH and FRAP methods and total phenolic contents (TPC) were assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.

Enzymatic β-Mannosylation of Phenylethanoid Alcohols.

Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely occurring secondary metabolites of medicinal plants with interesting biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiviral, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, etc. They are characterized by a structural core formed by a phenethyl alcohol, usually tyrosol or hydroxytyrosol, attached to β-D-glucopyranose via a glycosidic bond. This core is usually further decorated by attached phenolic acids or another saccharide.

Thermodynamic Properties of γ- and δ-Lactones: Exploring Alkyl Chain Length Effect and Ring-Opening Reactions for Green Chemistry Applications.

An extensive thermochemical study of γ-undecanolactone and δ-undecanolactone has been developed using two complementary calorimetric techniques. The combustion energy of each compound was determined by static-bomb combustion calorimetry, and the corresponding enthalpy of vaporization was determined by high-temperature Calvet microcalorimetry, in which both properties of each compound are reported at = 298.15 K.

Hemoglobin Variants as Targets for Stabilizing Drugs.

Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transport protein in red blood cells that interacts with multiple ligands, e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide.

Alzheimer's Disease and : Exploring the Links.

Recent research highlights compelling links between oral health, particularly periodontitis, and systemic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the biological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, the role of periodontal pathogens, particularly , has garnered significant attention. , a major driver of periodontitis, is recognized for its potential systemic effects and its putative role in AD pathogenesis.

Determination of Osmotic Flow in Water Transport in an Illitic Clay.

Experimental studies have shown that osmosis could be one of the mechanisms of water transport in porous materials that act, to a certain extent, as semipermeable membranes. In this paper, an experimental apparatus and the corresponding model to measure and determine the osmotic efficiency, , of bulk porous materials are described. Both the apparatus and model to interpret water transport in samples are modifications of those of Sherwood and Craster.

Evaluation of the Tribological Behavior of Materials Used for the Production of Orthodontic Devices in 3D DLP Printing Technology, Due to Oral Cavity Environmental Factors.

This study evaluated the effect of oral cavity environmental factors on the friction and wear of materials used in 3D-printed orthodontic devices. Commercial materials GR-10 (Pro3Dure) and NextDent SG (NextDent) were examined, with samples produced using ASIGA UV MAX and Phrozen Shuffle Lite 3D printers. Our tests included measurements of hardness, stiffness, elastic modulus, cyclic loading, scratch resistance, and tribological assessments in oscillatory motion.

Effect of Temperature on Magnetoimpedance Effect and Magnetic Properties of Fe- and Co-Rich Glass-Coated Microwires.

We provide new experimental studies of the temperature dependence of the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect and hysteresis loops of Fe-rich and Co-rich amorphous microwires with rather different room temperature magnetic properties and GMI effect features. We observed a remarkable modification of hysteresis loops and magnetic field dependence of the GMI ratio upon heating in both of the studied samples. We observed a noticeable improvement in the GMI ratio and a change in hysteresis loops from rectangular to inclined upon heating in Fe-rich microwire.

Arsenic in Slovakia: Pollution Issues and the Potential of Magnetic Carbon Biomaterials for Wastewater Treatment.

In Slovakia, there are a number of contaminated sites that have occurred due to intensive mining, mineral processing, metallurgical activities, chemical industry, fossil fuel combustion, and industrial agriculture in the past. This paper summarizes the occurrence, chemistry, toxicity, and mineralogy of arsenic species related to soil and water contamination in Slovakia. Four main localities with arsenic exposure were identified.

in the Process of Kitchen Waste Biodegradation: The Effect of Different Approaches to Waste Storage on the Microbiological Profile and Nutritional Parameters of the Larvae.

This study assessed the bioconversion efficiency of larvae (BSFL) fed on food waste stored under different conditions, focusing on the nutritional and microbial quality of the resulting larval biomass. Food waste was prepared as a fresh diet (FD) or naturally contaminated and stored at 20-22 °C (OS-T, opened storage-tempered) or under refrigeration, at 5-8 °C (CS-C, closed storage-cooled). Refrigerated, closed storage (CS-C) led to the highest rates of waste reduction (91.

New Species of Empidinae (Diptera) from San Rossore National Park, Italy, with the First Report on Leg Polymorphism in the Genus Meigen and Their DNA Barcoding Evidence.

Altogether three species of Empidinae are described from San Rossore National Park, Italy: () Barták sp. nov., Barták sp.

IgG-NR2B-A Potentially Valuable Biomarker in the Management of Refractory Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.

The autoantibodies against the NR1 subunit are well known in the pathomechanism of NMDAR encephalitis. The dysfunction of the NR2 subunit could be a critical factor in this neurological disorder due to its important role in the postsynaptic pathways that direct synaptic plasticity. We report a case of paraneoplastic anti-NMDAR encephalitis presented alongside very severe illness.

The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Endothelial Dysfunction.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents several diseases encompassing a heterogeneous group of biochemical and physiological abnormalities characterized by structural and functional alterations in the myocardium, including the endothelium of the coronary arteries. MS also affects a substantial portion of the global population. Understanding the risk factors, the development and treatment associated with MS are of paramount importance for early identification, treatment and prevention.

The Proapoptotic Effect of MB-653 Is Associated with the Modulation of Metastasis and Invasiveness-Related Signalling Pathways in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic, proapoptotic, and anti-invasive effects of the synthetic indole phytoalexin MB-653. The antiproliferative effect was determined using an MTT assay, showing IC values of 5.

Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Vascular Complications in a Rat Model with Severe Dyslipidemia: Sex Differences and PAI-1 Tissue Involvement.

We investigated the sex-dependent effects of inflammatory responses in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), as well as hematological status, in relation to cardiovascular disorders associated with prediabetes. Using male and female hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats-a nonobese prediabetic model featuring dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance-we found that HHTg females exhibited more pronounced hypertriglyceridemia than males, while HHTg males had higher non-fasting glucose levels. Additionally, HHTg females had higher platelet counts, larger platelet volumes, and lower antithrombin inhibitory activity.

Does the Silver Nanoparticles Production Route Affect the Proliferation of Antibiotic Resistance in Soil Ecosystem?

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely utilized for their exceptional antimicrobial properties, but concerns persist regarding their environmental impacts, particularly in soil and water ecosystems. This study compared the effects of chemically and biologically synthesized AgNPs and ionic silver on bacterial communities commonly present in soil and the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in the soil ecosystem.

Results And Discussion: Biologically synthesized AgNPs exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, significantly reducing bacterial populations within a day, and demonstrated minimal impacts on the development of antibiotic resistance in long-term.

Dynamic Multilevel Regulation of EGFR, KRAS, and MYC Oncogenes: Driving Cancer Cell Proliferation Through (Epi)Genetic and Post-Transcriptional/Translational Pathways.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates gene expression through two primary mechanisms: as a growth factor in the nucleus, where it translocates upon binding its ligand, or via its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the cytosol, where it modulates key signaling pathways such as RAS/MYC, PI3K, PLCγ, and STAT3. During tumorigenesis, these pathways become deregulated, leading to uncontrolled proliferation, enhanced migratory and metastatic capabilities, evasion of programmed cell death, and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The and oncogenes are pivotal in tumorigenesis, driving processes such as resistance to apoptosis, replicative immortality, cellular invasion and metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming.

Spinal Alignment and Pain: An Assessment of Amateur Road Cyclists-A Pilot Study.

Background: Cycling involves specific body positions that, when maintained for prolonged periods, may affect spinal curvature and increase the risk of pain-related issues. This study aimed to evaluate sagittal spinal curvatures, the prevalence of pain in spinal segments, and their interrelation among amateur road cyclists. Methoods: The research included 30 male participants aged 18-48 years.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis as an unusual type of renal involvement in sarcoidosis: a case report.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas. Clinically significant renal involvement is rare in sarcoidosis. It most commonly manifests as chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and nephrocalcinosis with nephrolithiasis.